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firy to lenj»tl<«n tlie inftmir.ciit ; and ihi> may he repeaicJ, 

 Lv llie adJ.ilioii of more r.ids, to any dcptli dtl'ircdj ;;/.•, 

 _/,'. 1. is the liaiidk- of this iiillnmifnt, two ftet and a hilf 

 Ion.; ; tliia lianillc- is f.iAenid to t'lic rod by mcr.ns of a clMfp, 

 i, lined witli Itccl, fixed at one c:;d by a hinge, and at the 

 other by the fcrcw i, fo that it may bt placed at any heij;lit. 

 Fi_;. 3. is the handle fcparatcd from the rod, and marked 

 \\ith the rod, with the fame letters as before, /"y-. 4. 

 is another har.dic, or rather kvci", like the handle 

 already dcfcribid, except its having only one branch, or 

 'lever, marked.;^. This ferves to Hop the borer in bringing 

 it up from a confiderable d^pth ; and alfo to fcrcw and un- 

 fcrcw the feveitil bars or joints as occafion requires, and to 

 put on and take off the ftecl point at the bottom. Tlic 

 handle s /■'> M- '• '^ t''^' ''y "liich the rod is held, and 

 wrought into the earth, cither by tvviiling it round, ef])ecial- 

 ly at Crft, or, after it has penctr;!tcd to fome depth, by 

 lifting it up, and letting it fiiU again, which it does with 

 fuch force as to pierce even the liardeft rocks ; efpecially if 

 it works at any confiderable depth, and has of courfe been 

 lengllu'ncd accordingly ; for every foot of {his r.,d weighs 

 three pounds. Two men will eafily fuinid the dejith of 

 twelve r-et in Icfs than a quarter of an hour, if they do not 

 meet with many ftones. When the rod becomes too heavy 

 to be properly managed by hand, it tnay be railed by a n-pe 

 faftencd at one end of the handle, and at the other to a roller, 

 or kind of windlafs, erected at a proper height, perpendicu- 

 larly over the hole, and tinned with cither one' or two 

 liandles. This will cod but a trifle, and eafily raife the 

 rod, which, when let go, will fall with fuch weight as to 

 ftrikc each tiini very d^ep into the earth. The marquis de 

 Turbilly obferves, that he has feeii it vvrought in this man- 

 ner to the depth of more tlian a hundred fett. 



The toughtll iron is the bed for making this inftrument, 

 which (hould be well hammered, till its furface is quite 

 fmooth and even ; for the leaft roughnefs and inequality 

 would occafion friftion, which would greatly retard its work- 

 ing. For the fame reafon, and alfo to inc'reafe the force of 

 its fall, it is necefTai-y that it fiiould be perfeflly ftraight ; 

 nor (hould it ever be ftruck with a malkt, hammer,°&c. 

 to force it down, Lccaufe a blow might bend it, and it would 

 eafily break afterwards. The female fcrcw mufl be turned 

 like that in the breech of a gun-barrel, in a feparate piece 

 of iron, crofs-ways to the grain ; and this piece mull be 

 afterwards well foldered on to one of the ends of the rod. 

 The reafon for this is, that if the female fcrew were bored 

 only at the end of the rod, it would, by being hammered 

 out in the fame direftion with the grain, be ftringy and 

 porous, and confequently fo weak as to give way, or burft, 

 in the working of the rod ; whereas, when made of a fepa- 

 rate piece, taken crofs-ways of the grain, the threads of the 

 Icrtw will run with the grain of the iron, and be thence con- 

 fiderably ftrengthencd. A bit, like that of an augre, pro- 

 portioned to the thickncfs of the rod, may at any time, when 

 neceffary, be fubftitutcd inftcad of the fteel point, to draw up 

 a fample of the fubftance from theverybottomof thefounding. 



If the only thing wanted be to know the nature of the un- 

 der foil, and layers of earth, fo far as they may affed the vege- 

 tation of plants, it will be quite fufficient to bore eight or ten 

 feet deep. A greater depth is only requifite, when water, 

 marie, ore, &c. is fought for, but the common augre may 

 do very well for fliallow boring. 



By either of thcfe implements there is a certainty of dif- 

 covcnng, without much charge or any hazard, not only 

 what earths are under the upper foil, but alfo whether any 

 other fubttancc of ^alue lits concealed there, fuch as marie, 

 £lialj£, fuUers' earth, foffile (hells, coals, quarries of Hate or 

 5 



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Aotie, Ores, 3:c. many of which lie hid an(J entirdy tm- 

 thonglit of in places where their value, was it known, would 

 be ten times more than that of the ellate which covers 

 them. 



IJORETIUS, Matthew Ernest, a learned phyfician 

 and anatomnt of Berlin, pubhfhcd, in 1724, " /^ natome 

 plantarum et animalium analoga," Rcgiiim,4to; and inl739, 

 " Muf«EumBoretii ii;m,etcatalogusp:aEpnratorum anatom-co- 

 rum reVnmque naturaliuir.," Region), 8vo Haller Bib. i^nat. 



BOKEUM, in Ar.c'iciit Geography, a mountain of Greece, 

 iu the Pclcpoimefus, placed by Paufanias, in Arcadia.^ 

 Alfo, the name of a port in the ifle of Ttntdos, according 

 to Airian. — Alfo, a promontory of Africa, in the Cyrenaica^ 

 .at the e::lrcmity of tlie gulf of the Sy rtis iviajor. Ptolemy. 



tJiJiORG, or Bi'RG, ill Geography, a town of Denmark, 

 1 the ifiaiid of Femcrn. N. lat, 54"' 30'. E. long 11? S', 

 BORGARQCCl, Prosper, in Biogiaphy, an Italian 

 phyfician of eminence, who flourilhed about the middle of 

 the i6th century. After attending the ledhires of Vefalius 

 for fome years, he travelled into France, Flolland, aad Eng- 

 land, to improve hinilVlf in medical knowledf^e. On hit- 

 return he publiil'.ed " Delia contemplazions anatomica fupra 

 tutle le parti del corpo umano, libro quinque," 8vo. 1564, 

 Vcnet. Some uftful obfervations are made, in this volume, 

 on the great anatomical work of Vefalius, whom our au- 

 thor, however, every where treats with refpefi. " Trat. 

 talo di pefte,'^ Venet. 1565, 8vo. " De morbo Gallxo 

 methodus." Though he defcribes the method of curing 

 the lues with mercury, he prefers the ufe of guiacum, be- 

 lieving that men from, ufing mercury were rendered incapable 

 of procreating. He makes no mention of farfaparilla, or 

 the China root, though well known in his time. This tra£t 

 is iiiferted by Leufinius in his coUeclion of treatifes on the 

 difeafe. Borganicci taught anatomy and medicine at Padua 

 for fome years. In the year 1567, he was called to France, 

 where he v.-as honoured with the title of phyfician to the 

 king, which he afterwards ufed. The time of his death is 

 not known. Aibuc. de Morb. Ven. Haller. Bib. Anat 

 Ek.y Did. Hift. 



BORGE, in Geography, a town in the ifland of Cepha- 

 lonia; 2 miles S. of Cephalonia. 



BORGE-FlORDS, or BORGAN-FIORDER, a fyffcl or dif- 



trift of Iceland, in which are warm baths, built in the 1 5th 

 century, by the famous hiftorian Snorro Sturlafon. They 

 are fo fpacious and fo well contrived, that 100 perfons may 

 bathe in them at the fame time. Near thefe is the crofs- 

 bath, in which the inhabitants of the weftern parts of Ice- 

 land were baptized, in A. D. 1000 ; whence its name 



BORGENTRICK, or Borrenrik, a town of Ger- 

 many,in the circle of Weftphalia, andbifiiopric of Paderborn- 

 5 miles N. N. E. of Warburg. ' 



BORGHETTO, a town of Italy, in the Lodefan, -ji- 

 miles S. of Lodi.— Alfo, a town of Italy in the ftate of 

 Genoa, 8 miles N. E. of Albenga. 



BORGHINI, Vincent, m Bwgraphy, a learned bene- 

 diftine, was born of a noble family at Florence in icic • 

 andentered among the Benediftines in 1531, devoting himfelf 

 to (tudy and the oflTlces of a religious life. Duke CBfmo ap- 

 pointed him prior to the hofpitalSta. Maria degHEnnocenti at 

 i'lorence; and he performed the duties of this Itation with 

 ^f dV -f, ^"', '^'^ i"ftit"tion, declining the archbifhopric 

 ot Pifa, till his death in 16S0. His reputation for acquaint- 

 ance with the purity of the Tufcan diakd was fuch, that he 

 w^as entrufted with the publication of a correded edition of 

 the decameron of Boccacio in 1573 ; and to him are afcribed 

 the annotations and difcourfes that accompany it. His own 

 principal work confitted of two volumes of « Difcorfi," 



printed 



