B O R 



Ray, Willugliby, and other old writers dcfciibe tlic pafTciiiie 

 warbler, mntaalla pa[fer'ma, Gmel. 



BORING, tlie aA of perforating a folid body, or making 

 a hole throughout its whole length or thickncfs. 



Surgeons ipeak of boring the bones of the fcull, properly 

 called trepanning. 



BoRixc hhch, and other trees, is praflifed in the fpring 

 for their juice, called alfo /<;/i/ii«j- and binding. Phil.Tranf. 

 N°.H. p.88o. See Bhtula.' 



Boring, in Farritry, an operation formerly praftifed for 

 the cure of horfes whofe fhoulders arc wrenched. The me- 

 thod is thus : tliey cut a hole through the (Icin in the middle 

 of the ilioidder, aiid with the fliank of a tobacco-pipe, blow it 

 35 a butcher does a Ihoulder of veal ; then they run a cold 

 flat iron, like a horfeman's fword-biade, eight or ten inches 

 up, between the flioidder blade and the ribs, which they 

 call boring ; after that they burn him round his (houlder with 

 a hot-iron. This, fays Bartlctt, is an abfurd and ufelefs, as 

 well as a cruel practice. 



Boring of Cannon, in Founttery. See Cannon. 



Boring af Majls, from top to bottom, is propofed by 

 Dr. Hook, as a means of Urengthening and preferving 

 them ; as this would make them dry and harden the better, 

 and prevent their cleaving and cracking. For want of this, 

 the outfide drj-ing, wlien the inlide does not, tlie former 

 fluinks fallcr tiian the latter; the confeqiience of which is 

 prejudicial. 



Boring, in Mincnilag^, a method of piercing the earth 

 by a fet of fcooping irons, made with joints fo as to be 

 lengthened at p'.eafure. The fkilful mineralift will be 

 able to guefs where a vein of ore may lie, though there 

 are none of the common outward fign.s of it upon the 

 furface of the earth ; and in this cafe he has recourfe to 

 boring ; the fcooping irons are drawn back at proper 

 times, and the famples of earth and mineral matters they 

 bring up, are examined ; and hence it is known whether 

 it will be worth while or not to open a mine in the place. 

 See CoAi-. 



Boring, in Rural Economy, a practice fometimes cm- 

 ployed in order to afcertain the nature of the different ftrata 

 that lie beneath the furface foil ; and alfo for the purpofe of 

 difcovering fprings, and tapping them, fo as to draw off the 

 water that injures the grounds below, or in the neighbour- 

 hood. When this lad objeft is in view, boring is generally 

 performed in the bottoms of ditches or drains, prtvioufly 

 made in the land, to the depth of levcral feet. See Drain- 

 ing of Land. 



Boring Au^re, an implement employed for the purpofe of 

 boring the foil, and letting off water confined beneath it, 

 &c. See BoRF.R. 



Boring of IVatcr-p'tpes. The method of boring alder 

 polts for water-pipes is thus : being furniflicd with poles of 

 a tit fiae, horfes, or trcffels are procured of a due height, 

 both to lay the polts, and I'eft the augre on in boring ; they 

 alfo fet up a lath, whereby to turn the Itffer ends of the 

 poles, and adapt them to the cavities of the greater ends of 

 ethers, in order to make tlie joint Ihut each pair of poles to- 

 gether. The outer, or concave part, is called the female, 

 and the other, or inner, the male part of the joint. In 

 turning the male part, they make a channel, or fmall groove 

 in it, at a proper diftance from the end ; and, in the female 

 part, bore a Imall hole to fit over this channel ; they then 

 bore through tiieir poles, flicking up great nails at each 

 end, to guide them right j but they commonly bore a pole 

 at both ends ; fo that if it be crooked one way, tiiey can 

 neverthelefs bore it through, and rot fpoil it- Neve Build. 

 Dltl. in voc. Alder. 



B O R 



Thi? opeiatioii is now performed with a horft-mill, as at 

 Dorfct Stairs for the New River cumpanv. 



Btlidor, in his Hydraulics, has dcfcr'ibcd a niachin(v in 

 which a water-wheel is made i:fc of botli to turn the auL'rc, 

 and to bring forward the carriage on which the pipe to^bc 

 bored leRs. This macliine [(^cTal. II. Mcch,in'ics,f^. (i-j.) 

 is put into motion by the water-wheel A, in the axis of 

 which there is a cog wheel B, th.nt turn.s the lanterns C and 

 D ; the tnindlcs of D turn two fmall wheels E and F ; the 

 fiill of which is vertical and turns the augre ; the otlicr is 

 horizontal and movi.s the carriage by means of the two arm* 

 H and I. H draws the wheel G towards F ; and I prtfluK 

 it in a contrary direclion ; and thefe combined adlions caufe 

 the can^iage to advance towards F, and the augie to bore the 

 pipe. The angle being about t^^•elve feet long and propor- 

 tionally heavy, is fuppoi ted by the pieces L L ; and they arc 

 prepared fo as to give no obilrudion, in the following man- 

 uer : C C, ('Ji^. QS.) are two planks of wood which are 

 faflened to the timber-wurk of the mill j thefe encompafs 

 another plank, hung by a cord, at the bottom of which are 

 fixed the pieces l>i, with joints at e and c, and, that they 

 may not move out of the 'vertical plane, they are joineil by 

 tenons to the plank a, in which tlicy may work freely : on 

 the (iJe of one of thefe pieces is iixed a fpring, g, in order 

 to hinder them from uniting, by forcing them into a mortife, 

 in d ; in this fituation the two pieces are penetrated with a 

 hole through which the augre is to pafs. The cord is 

 fallened to the plank <?, as in _/?;'. 6g, and goes over the two 

 pulhes /; /> ; at the other end of the cord there is hung a 

 weight e, rcfting on the piece N, which is fupported at one 

 end by the piece O, and fixed to the other by a joint to the 

 lever K, which has its centre of motion in the piece of wood 

 H ; fo that, leaning againll the extremity M of the lever, N 

 quits the fupport O, the weight finks down, and draws 

 up the piece a; then the fides bb,Ji\^.6'i, quit the mor- 

 tile d, and the fpring ;^ feparates ttiem : and thus the 

 fupporter does not in tlie leall hinder the motion of the 

 augre. 



BORJOKFIT, in Geography, a town of Poland, in the 

 palatinate of Podolia ; 28 miles call of Kamiuiec. 



BORIOUEN. See Bieka. 



BORIQ^UETTA, a province of South America, in the 

 country of Terra I'"iima. 



BORISSOGLEBSK. See Barissoglkhsk. 



BORITH, in the Holy Scriptures, an herb thought to be 

 the kali, or faltwort ; of the allies of which fome make foap, 

 and a very good ley to \va(h linen with. It is mentioned iu 

 Jeremiah, chap. ii. ver. 22. 



BORKAH, or Ardu, in Geography', an ancient empire 

 of the Afconian Turks, which extended on this fide of the 

 Volga from Uvicck, near Saratof, quite to mount Cancafus. 

 Some of thefe were called Kumani or Komani, from the 

 river Kuma, and their town was named Kumager. 



BORKAN, a town of Perfia, in the province of Lariftan, 

 64 milts S.W. of Lar. 



BORKELOE. See Borcki- loe. 



BORKEN. SeeBoRCHEN. 



BoRKEN, a baihwick of Germany, in the landgravate of 

 Heffe, confiding of eight villages, and a' fmall town of the 

 fame name, become alnioll extiuft. 



BORKZOWKA, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 

 Podolia, 20 miles W.N.W. of Kaminiec. 



BORLASE, WitLiAM, in Biography, an eminent to- 

 pographical writer, was born of an ancient family at Pen- 

 deen, in the parifh of St. Jull, Cornwall, in 1696 ; and 

 having finifhed hi? grammatical education at Pcn7aiice, Ti- 

 werton, and Plymouth, was entered at Ej^eter college, Ox- 

 H Z ford, 



