BOS 



*^ie river II ufclck The Jucks, from conftantly .feeing 

 thwfe vtlliU Iloit Jown l!ic ftrcam, ifgard them aii litUe as 

 th^ C3li'.'>.inics i and llie duck huiitir, concealing his ht:id 

 ill rn, can ftizc upon them without cucltin}; the 



U 1. A limiUr imiiioU is aifo piattifcd in Chnia, 



and 111 ou.ah Amci'icu, to ukc tlic wiiddtick. 



BcisCHA... jinat /ir.j Jlvtr lio/.kis meximtij. Brifs. A 

 fynonym ot Anas Clypeala, the Shovelcr, var y. See 



Cl.VPi.ATA. 



BosCHA*, Rofchiu BeUomi. The Gargancy. Anas 

 Q_i'ER(yji:BULA is called by this name, both in Gclncr's 

 Tjiidj, and t'.ie Ornithology of Aldrovan'liis, 



BOSCHI, Bosch, or Bosco, in Gcosrophy, a town of 

 Italy, in the Alcxandna uf the Milancfe, feated on the river 

 Orbe, five miles li. from Alexandria. 



EOSCIA, in Bctany, (in honour of Bofc, niithor of part 

 of the Zoological and Botanical articles in " Noiiveau Dic- 

 tionalre d'Hirtoire Naturelle," now puhlidiiiig at Paris.) 

 X^dldcn, aC6. Clafs, tctianiRa Irigynia. Gen. Char. Ca/. 

 uerianth, four-toothed. Cur. four-pctallcd. Pericarp, cap- 

 fule, foui-celled. 



Spt-cies B. umlulala, Thunberg, " Leaves oppofite, lancco. 

 late, waved." A flirub. Native of the Cape ot Good 

 Hope. 



BosciA. La Mark(I!luft. PI. 395.) Chh, doifi-canJna 

 moMgynia. Gen. Cliar. Cal. perianth, four-leaved. Cor. 

 none. Slam, filaments long ; anthers didymous. Pijh germ 

 on a pedicle, as long as the filaments j iiyle, none ; ftigma 

 pointed. Pericarp, a nut. Seed, one. 



Species B. A (hrub. Leaves, oblong-ovate, alternate, 

 on rfiort petioles, flronnly reticulated, coriaceous. Flowers 

 in a terminating corymbus. A native ot Africa, in the 

 neighbourhood of Gorcc, where the negroes eat the kernel 

 of the nut. This plant does not appear to be known to 

 Willdenow. It will, doubtlcfs, foon receive anoti.er name, 

 a;i Thunbcrg's plant feems to have got the lirll polfeflion. 



BOSClilU.S, John, in Bin^^nifJ.y, a native of I..itf;e, 

 of cor:fiderab!e learning and abilities, v.as invited, in 1558, 

 to llic chair of profeflbr of medicine, at Ingoldlladt, winch 

 lie held with credit feveral years. His works are, " De 

 ptHe liber," publifned originally in German, in I5''2, 4to.; 

 " Concordia philofophornm, ac mcdiconim, dc hiimano 

 conceptu, atque toctus increniento, aniniutione, mora in 

 utero, ac nativita^e," Ingolds. 1576, 410. and 1588 ; 

 •' Oratio de Optimo medico, et medieinre anc^onbus, inttr 

 orationes Ingoldftadienfcs." HalLr Bib. Anat. 



BOSCO, in Law, See Attachiamenta de lofco ct 

 ffinis. 



BOSCOBEL, mTopography ,\n theparifh ofDonnington, 

 in Shropfhire, is a place memorable in Engh'lh Ir.iiory, for 

 iXit oak tree, wherein King Charles the Second feerefd 

 liimfelf, after the defp.rate battle at Worccilcr. Finding 

 it impracticable tillier to efcape into Wales, or to reacli the 

 metropolis in faftty, and kr.owing that many of his enemies 

 were fcarching for him, in the immerflate ncigliboiirliood, he 

 was prevailed on by Major Carkfs (who accompanied him) 

 to feck protedion in a large oak tree. Here they feated 

 thcnufelyts one whole day, and faw fome of Cromwell's 

 foidicrs fccking for the king in an adjoining wood. After 

 the rclloration, thin tree became highly venerated, and nu- 

 merous perfons went on pilgrimage to fee it. A great part 

 c;f it was cut away, and converted into tobacco iloppers, 

 hafts of knives, and other memorials ; and many plants were 

 propagated from its acorns. Its remains are inclofid with 

 a brick wall, the infide of which is covered with laurel. 

 'i'ht 29th of May, the day of his birth, and of his relto- 



2 



BOS 



ration, is ftiJl commemorated in England, by an annual 

 fellival and hohdav ; and various ckdfes of the commu- 

 nity difplay branehes, leave's, and apples of the oak trei. 

 Near Bofcobtl is Whitcladies, fo named fiora being a nun- 

 nery of white, or Cillercian nuns. The ri;in,s of this are ttill 

 confiderable, and the church is ornamented with circuW 

 arches, &c. Gough's Edition of Camden's Britannia, 

 vol, ii. Carte's Hillory of England, vol. iv. Gratxger's 

 Biographical Hiftorv of England, vol. :ii. 



BOSCOl, or Bo'sct, in Ecclcfiajiical Hillory, denotes a 

 fpccies or tribe of monks in Palelline, who ied on grafii, 

 like the bcalls of the field. 



The word is Greek, /2'.-x«, q. d. grazeri i formed frotn 

 ^os-xM, p'ifco, I feed. 



The Bofcoi arc ranked among the number of Adamite;;, 

 not fo much on account of their habit as food. They took 

 no care about provifion ; but when catine-time came, or .any- 

 of them were hungry, went into the hdds, with «ach liis 

 knife in hJs hand, and gathcix-d and cat what he could lind. 



BOSCOLI, Aniikija, \\\ Biography , an hiftoiical painter, 

 \\^ born at F"loreuce, in 155,-;, and educated under Santi di 

 Titi. He was the Hill perlbn who had a juft notion of the 

 chiaro-fcuro, and ufed it fucccfsfuUy in the Florentine 

 fchool ; where, though it had been happily pratiifed by 

 Giorgione, at Venice, and alfo by Titian, it was not well 

 underllood before his time. He polTtfred great freedom of 

 liand, and gave a furprifing force of colour ; and both in 

 dLlign and compofitioii the grandeur of his ilile rtlembled 

 that of his madtr. He fludied after nature ; and in his 

 travels he drew flcetches of any particular objcfts that ftruck 

 him ; but purfuing this praftice at Loretto, with regard to 

 the fortifications of the city, he was feized by the officers of 

 juilice, and condemned to be hanged ; but he happily 

 efcapcd, within a few hoins of execution, by the intcrpolition 

 of Signior Bandini, who explained to the chief magiftrate 

 his innocent intention. He was alfo an engraver ; but the 

 fubjefts of his plates are not fpecified either by Marolles or 

 Florent le C'omte. He died in 1606. Pilkington. 

 . BOSCOVICH, Re GEK Joseph, an eminent mathema- 

 tician and natural philofpher, was born of very rcfpetlable 

 parents, in the free city of Rngufa, on the coall of Ualmatia, 

 tl'.e iSth of May, 1711. He was the youngcft of nine 

 children, and his mother lived to the extraordinary age of 

 103. Six fons received tlie belt: education that their father's 

 circumllances could aiTord ; and all of them, particularly the 

 elde.'l, who became a pricll, were dilHuguiflied by a happy- 

 vein for poetry. Having finilhed his grammatical coiitfe 

 with applaufe, the young Eofcovich, prompted by the 

 example of his brother, in his fifteenth year took the habit 

 ot the noviciate, and entered the Jefuits' College at Rome. 

 There the original bent of his genius difcovercd itfclf, by 

 the enthuliallic ardour with which he plunged into the 

 ftudy of the mathematicf. His progrefs in that important 

 branch of knowledge was fo rapid as -to altunilh, and Joun 

 outrun his preceptors. Under their inilrudtion he acquired 

 the elements of geometry and algebra, but was left to the. 

 exercife of his own appheation in profeculing the higher 

 parts of inatheinatics. He ihiditd by hirafelf the principles 

 of the diilerential calculus; and thois prepared,, he began the 

 Principui of Newton, and devoured that immortal workv\itb 

 the mull eager avidity. He was tninfpoited byithevatt 

 difplay of new and fplcndid truths which v:cre imvciled ; ' 

 and while, with the torch of geometry, i)e. traced the ftcreit 

 links of nature's operations, and feenicd to penetrate the 

 counfels of heaven, he felt ,his paffioji for uiltniftiou won- 

 derlully inflamed i ncr, in the warmth of his temper, coulA 



lie 



