BOS 



Ciirimrliim, Simla on the Pains >fxotis, Tanais at tlie 

 tnniich of the riw-r bearing that nanu-, where the city of 

 A7of ;iiiw ftaiiHi), Paniardis, Tyranihe, anJ Ooialiim, called 

 liy Ptoh-mv a C'mbriaii vilhi rr. The country h.trihrinR on 

 the Palm M lotii and the P.orphonn, wliich was inh ibited 

 by the Cim-r'erii, is reprefcnted by the ar.cients as inhofpi- 

 taMe, covered with thick forells and continual fogs, thioiiirh 

 which the rajs (;f the fun could not penetrate. Sec CiM- 



MfRIt. 



Tlie Bofporani were governed by their own piinccs in 

 the eailicrt times ; but the hillory of them by I'rogiis Pom- 

 ptiiis is lo'l, fii that little certainty ii known cinicerning 

 then\. The firll rcc-irded in hillory, and mentioned by 

 Slrabo, (I. vii.) was I.encon ; and lie was fncceeded by 

 frvcral others, whofe hillory is involved in irreat obfciirity. 

 The kiii'Mom of 15 )fphorns. as we arc informed by Dio- 

 donis Sieiilin, was volnntarily fnrvtndered by Pcirifades III. 

 to Mithridates the Great, kii'ijj of Pontus, after it had been 

 held by his ancellors for thc'fpuce of .\oo years. In the 

 time of the lall Mithvidatic war, the 15ofporani revolted 

 from Mithridates, and admitted Ronuni g.irrilons into the 

 cities of Phanagoria, Tlu-odoha, Cherfoncfns, and Nym- 

 phrtHn ; but upon the death of that prince, the vliole 

 country was rellorcd by Ponipcy to his fon Pliar- 

 naces. 'whom he honoured with the title of friend and 

 allv ot the Roman people. During the civil war between 

 C.ifar and Pompty, Pliarnaces, not fatislied with the king- 

 dom of Bofphorus, attempted the recovery of his father's 

 dominion-! ; crolTcd the Ensine fea, and reduced Colchis, 

 Armenia Minor, and fevcral places ii\ Cappadocia, Pontus, 

 and Bithynia. After the battle of Pliarfalia, Cxfar fent 

 againfl him a conliderable force under the command of Do- 

 iniiius Calvinus ; Domitius being overcome in battle, Phar- 

 naces made himfelf mailer of the remaining part of Pontus 

 and Cappadocii, and of all ISithynia ; but as he was advanc- 

 ing into Afia, properly fo called, C.vfar left Egypt, traverled 

 .Syria, and came unexpectedly upon Pliarnaces, and gained 

 a complete viclon'. After this defeat Pliarnaces fled to 

 Sinope, a"d from thence failed b.ick into Bofphorus ; where, 

 upon his landing, Afander, whom he had appointed governor 

 nf that countrv during his abfence, feized and put him to 

 death, and took upon himfelf the title of king of Bofphorus. 

 Cxfar, however, conferred the kingdom of Bofphorus on 

 Mithridates tlii; Pcrgamiaii, in recompenee of fervices which 

 he had performed in Egvpt. But in endeavouring to fecurc 

 the polTelTion of it, he wa-; vanqniOud and llain in battle by 

 jVfaiider, who, aflvr his death, iield the kingdom without 

 any farther molellation. Afander, being dilgiilled by the 

 emperor Angullns, who gave the co;r.maiid of the Bofpho- 

 rcaii troops that ftrved in t!ie Roman army to Sciibonius, 

 abllaiiud from all food» and thus ended his life in the 93d 

 year of his age. Upon liis death Scrihonius, pretending 

 that he was the trandfoii of Mithridates, and marrying 

 Dynami*!, the daughter of Pliarnaces, to(}k podclliun ot the 

 tlngdcnn of Bolpliorns, but w;is expelled from it by Polemon, 

 on whom the kingdom had been bellowed by Augiilhis. 

 Polemon was f-.iccecdcd bv his fon Pokinon II. ; who ex- 

 changed the kingdom, in the reign of Claudius for part of 

 Cil'cia. Trajan, as Entropius informs i:s, took the king 

 of Bofphorus nnder his protec'ion ; and Liiciaii tvUs us, that 

 the Bofporans, in his time, had a king named Eupator ; 

 but we have no record of the jKriod jirevious to the divifion 

 of the Roman empire in which this kingdom terminates. 



BosPHoRUs, Promontory oj', wasa promontory of Thrace, 

 at the entrance of the harbour of By/antium, fituate on the 

 Thraciin Bofphorus, near the Propontis, a:id N. W. of the 

 jjromontory of Chalcedon in Alia Minor. 



BOS 



BosriiORVS, a city of Chcrfonefus Taiiricn, fcated near 

 the Cimmerian Bofphorus, and luppofed by fonie writers to 

 have been the fame with Panticap;enm, which, according to 

 Strabo, was the metropolis of the European Bofphorus. 

 But PI'ny, Entropius, and Sfephanus By/.., Ipcak of them 

 as two different cities. Strabo and Ptolemy take notice of 

 Panticapajum, but fay nothing of Bofphorus ; but Proco- 

 pius often mentions the latter, but never takes notice of 

 Panticapxum ; from which circumllance it has been inferred, 

 that thcfe two names belong, at different periods,* to the 

 fame city ; Panticapxum being its moll ancient name, re- 

 cogiii/.ed by Pliny, Strabo, and Ptolemy, and Bofphorus 

 the name given to it by Proeopius. Pliny, however, fays, 

 tliat foine perfons called it Bofphorus, and that, in its origin, 

 it was a colony of Milcfians. 



BospuciRUS, a town of India. Stcph. Byz. — Alfo, the 

 name of a town placed by Suidas towards the Hellc- 

 fpont, which was ravaged under the empire of Jullinian. 



BOSQUET, Ekancis, in Bin^rup/jj, one of the moff 

 learned prelates of Eiance in the 17th century, was born at 

 Narbonne, in irto'J, and ediicate<l at Touloufe. Before he 

 affumed the ccclefiaflical profcihon, he exercifed various 

 civil employments, viz. thofc of iutendant of Guienne and of 

 Lanfuedoc, folicitor-general to the parliament of Normandy, 

 and counfcllor of Hate. But, in 1648, he was nominated 

 bidiup of Lodeve, and entrulled by the king with the ma- 

 nai;ement of the national concerns; and in I'^'iy took pof- 

 fefilon of the bifhnpric of Montpellier, in which lituation he 

 continued till iiis death in 1676. He was held in high elli- 

 mation, for his learning, piety, and charity. As an author, 

 he acquired betimes a conl'iJerable degree of reputation by his 

 I>atiu tranflatioUjwith notes, of the fynopfis of civil law, com- 

 pofed in Greek verfe by Michael Pfcllus. He alfo wrote a 

 " Hillory of the popes, who refided at Avignon," from 

 1305 to 1394 ; and publiflied fevcral epiflles of pope Inno- 

 cent III. with learned notes. But his principal work was, a 

 " Hillory of the Gallican church, in the reign of Conllan- 

 tine," written in Latin, and publilhed with conliderable 

 augmentations in 1636, 4to. but with the omiffion of fome 

 liberal and fpirited reflections on tiie iiftions and errors 

 introduced into the early accounts of the Gallican church. 

 He alfo left behind him fome MS. obfervations on the liber- 

 ties of the Gallican church, and fome notes on the canon 

 law. Gen. Dltl. 



l)Osc:_l'F.T, in Ornntnenlnl CiirJemng, is a term applied to 

 detached clumps or other parts of gardens, pleafure or orna- 

 mented grounds, planted with a variety of deciduous ever- 

 green trees, and fhrubs, and herbaceous perennial flowers, 

 either in a regular or irregular manner. They Ihould be laid 

 out ill form luited to the nature, extent, and particular cir- 

 cnmllances of the ground, fo as to produce the greatell pof- 

 fible variety and effeft ; fome being made circular, others 

 oval or o!)l<nig, and with bending fweeps or fwelU outwards 

 or inwards, and longer or fmaller as may be neceffary. 

 They may be difpofcd with the greatell effeci on the confines 

 of extenfive lawns, or other open fpaces in grafs ; alfo in 

 ■parks, paddocks, the terminations of fpacious avenues and 

 carriage ways le<iding to the hoiifcs, efpccially whereof con- 

 fulerable dimenfions, being varied in iituation, and dillribut- 

 ed at Inch dillances as to leave large intervening fpaces of 

 open land in grafs. 



In the planting of compartments of this nature, in order 

 to produce the bell cffedl, much attention (hould be bellow- 

 ed in regulating the fizes of the plants, their Ihades, and 

 times of flowering, as well as in the difpofing them in the 

 order of their different growths, fo that they may rife regu- 

 larly from the fides to the centres, and difplay themfclvcs in 



the 



