BOS 



the beft and mofl advantageous manner In their Leads and 

 branches. It was formerly the practice to plant trees and 

 fhrubs ol the deciduous and evergreen kinds, chiefly toge- 

 ther in feparate patches, but by a judicious niixture of both 

 forts a great richiiefs and variety of effed are produced ; vari- 

 ous forts of tall herbaceous perennial plants, a,s well as low 

 rtowerlng ones, may be introduced en the lldcs and edges, 

 Inch as thofe of the golden rod, and other limilar kinds, 

 with daffodils, violets, polyanthufes, primrofes, and many 

 others of the fame fort. 



In the lets extenfivc kinds of ornamented grounds thefe 

 forts of boftpicts fliould always remain petfettlv open and 

 wholly expoled to view, in order that the full variety of the 

 plants may be Ihown ; but in e.Menlive parks, and other 

 limilar grounds where they art chiefly planted with the n\ore 

 large and coarfe hardy trees and (lirubs, thev may be in- 

 chiled with open hurdles to defend them from the cropping 

 lit cattle or other animals, efpecially until tlu-y ha\e ac- 

 quired a fnfficiently hardy and large growth. 



Tl'.tle clumps, alter being thus planted, only require the 

 earth among the plants to be flightly dug over in the autumn, 

 or very early fpring, and once or twice hoed over in the 

 fummcr to keep we'eJs from rifing ; the dead wood and irre- 

 gular branches of the different piunta or trees being cut out, 

 ftioitened, and removed, to prefervt them dillind and keep 

 them in order. See Clump. 



When well arranged and kept in neat order thefe forts of 

 bofquets or clumps produce much diverfity and ornamental 

 effLcl, both in large gardens and pleafure grounds. 



BOSRA, in Qcogriiphy, a town of Arabia Petrxa, funk 

 into decay and inconfiderablc note, though it is conlidered 

 as the capital of the country. It is feated in the midland, 

 on the back of Palclline, on the other fide Jordan, and 

 about ijo miles from the lake, or lea, of Galilee. See 



BOSTRA. 



I'OSS, or CnssE, in Sculpture, fignifies relievo, or pro- 

 minency. The word is French, boffe, which fignifies the 

 fame ; whence alfo to embofs. Sec Embossing. 



Boss of a biickli-r, among the ^Indents, the umbo, or o^x- 

 fa/.©', which juts out in the middle. 



Boss, amoiig Biickluyers, denotes a wooden utenfil where- 

 in the labourers put the mortar to be ufed in tihng. It has 

 an iron liook, whereby it may be hung on the laths, or on 

 a ladder. 



Boss, G.'iSPAR Vanbkr, in Biography, a painter of ftiips, 

 fca-vievvs, calms, and ftoims, was born at Hoorn, in 

 1634, and manifclHng an early genius for the art of painting, 

 applied with affiduity to the liudy and ptattice of it, and 

 dillinguilhed himfelf by the excellence of his compofition, 

 by a light free touch, by an agreeable tint of colour, and 

 by a very artful manner oi handling. His application was 

 lo intenfe as to impair his health, fo that he died much re- 

 greted at an early age in 1666. Pilkington. 



BOSSAGE, in Arclnlediire, a projefting (lo'iie, laid rough 

 in building, to be afterwards carved into mouldings, capi- 

 tals, arms, or the like. 



BossAGES, alfo denote (lones which feem to advance be- 

 yond the naked of a building, by reafon of indentures, or 

 channels left in the joinings ; ufed chiefly in the corners of 

 buildings, and thence called ruilic quoins. 



The cavities or indentures are fonictimcs round, fometimes 

 fqnare, lometimes chamfrained, or bevelled, fometimes in 

 the diamond form: fometimes they are enclofed with a ca- 

 vetto, lometimes with a lillel. 



BOSSCHART, Thomas Willeborts, in Biography, 

 a painter of hitlory and portraits, was born at Bergen-op- 

 200m, in 161J, and Itudied at Rome under Gerard Segers, 



BOS 



witli whom he continued four years. His tafte of difign 

 was fine and correft, his touch free and fpirllcd, his colour- 

 ing tranfparent and true, and his carnations pofFtlfed fo mucli 

 foltnefs and lite, that he was thought to approacli mar to 

 Vandyek in portrait and hillury ; and his works were eagerly 

 purchafed. His meiit recommended him to the patronage lif 

 the prince of Orange, in whole fervice he was employed for 

 feveral years. The large piftnre of " War and Peace," at the 

 Hague, and the '• Martyrdom of St. George," in the gieat 

 church, are much commendcdfor goodnefsof exprellion.forcx- 

 celltnt colouring, and forbeingexcpiilitely linidied. Pilkington. 



BOSSE, AiiRAHAM, a French ciif^raver, was born at 

 Tours, and ftourilhed in 1630. In his ptrfoimaiices he fuc- 

 eefsfully inutattd the coarler manner of Callot ; and moll 

 of his works are executed from his own deligns. The 

 figures, with which he commonly embellilhed his plates arc 

 drawn in a fpirited llyle, and etched with gie:it freedom, 

 lie afterwards retouclud the etching with the graver in a 

 bold, expeditious manner. The edcCt of his plates is clear 

 and p'ealing, though his lights are nfnally too much fcat- 

 tered. He was moll fuccefsful in fmall fubjects. We have 

 a treatife by him " On the art of drawing ;" the bed 

 edition of which is faid to be tliat with the additions and cor- 

 rections of M. Cochin; " The fchool of the painter and 

 fculptor;" " Tiie worklhop of a copper-plate printer;" 

 " The fchool-maller and millrefs ;" and feveral other idalcs 

 from his own dehgns ; and alfo, " The hillury of the 

 Maid of Orleans," from the defigns of Vignon, &c. &c. 

 Strutt. 



BOSSEE, in Geography, a town of Germany, in the 

 duchy of Ilolllein ; 6 miles E. S. E. of Rend/burg. 



BOSSIiEA, in Botany, WiUden. 1242. CMs, ilhuU- 

 phta Jecoiulna. 



Gen. Char. Cnl. bilabiate, upper lip obcordate. Cor. 

 banner biglandular at the bale : keel two-petalled. Peri- 

 carp, legume peduncled, compreffed, many-feeded. 



Species, B. klirophylla. Vcntenat. A (hrub two feet 

 high. Branches comprefltd. Leaves alternate, fniooth, 

 petioled, the lower elliptic, the upper lanceolate. Peduncles 

 one-flowered, axillary. Banner and lings yelh.w. Keel 

 purple. A native of New Holland. 



BOS.SINEY, in Geogniphy, an ancient borough of Corn- 

 wall, in England, is reduced from its original confcquence, 

 and novvconlills of only a few miferab!e cottages ; vet fome 

 of the occupiers of thefe duellings have the power of eletl- 

 ing two members of parliament. This place, with many 

 other towns in the county, was made a chai-tcrcd borough 

 by Richard earl of Cornwall, brother of Henry III.; but 

 the town has never been incorporated. The right of cleflion 

 is veiled in all perlons who poflefs lands within the borough, 

 and live in the paiilh, but this number is now reduced to 

 five or fix. 



Boffiney is in the parilh of Tintagel, where are the remains 

 of a cadlc occup) ing a very lingular fituation. The fortrefs 

 flood partly on the main land and ])artly on a bold flaty pro- 

 montory, which was feparated from the fliure bv an im- 

 mcnfe chafm in the clifl, over which there was formerly a 

 drawbridge. What remains on the [leninfular part is a cir- 

 cular ruinous wall, which inclofes fome buildings that ap- 

 pear to have been the keep. Beneath is a palfage through 

 the rocks, where boats could pafs at the time of high tides. 

 From the extent and character of the ruins it is prefnrri^ed, 

 that this fortrcfs has been a place of great llrength and fecu- 

 rity. It is afferted by many writers, that it was the birth-pl.Tce 

 of the celebrated Brltilh king, Arthur, but this aflVrtiou 

 is not fatisf;)Aorily fnbftaiitiated. See Arthur. The bold, 

 ilupcndous cliffs about Tintagel, and along the iiorthtro 



coall 



