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title of die " Hypochondriac," which appeared in a periodical 

 publication about the year 17S2, and which he once thought 

 of collei5tiiicj into a volume. Soon after hid return from a 

 vifit to Aucliinleck, he was feized with a diforder which put 

 an end to his life, in Portland Street, June 19th, 1 79<;, in 

 the >;/;th year of his age. At the clofe of his journal of the 

 tour to the Hebrides, after having- given a llcetch of his own 

 character, he introduces, not indeed without an apology, 

 the encomium of Dr. Johnfon, vvhofc friendly partiality to 

 the companion of his tour reprcfents him as one " whofe 

 acntenefo would help my inquiry, and whofe gaiety of con- 

 verfation and civility of manners are fufflcient to connteraft 

 the inconveniences of travel in coiuitries Icfs hofpitable than 

 we have pafTcd." He loll his wife, to whom he was married 

 in 1 769, in the year 1 790, and (lie left him two fons and 

 three daughters. She was a lady, who to the advantages 

 of a pohte education united a fuperior underftanding ; and on 

 occafion of her death he honoured her memory with an af- 

 feflionate tribute. Biog. Did. 



BOSWORTH, Market, in Topography, -a. town in I^ei- 

 eefterdiire, England ; fituatedon a hill, and celebrated in hif- 

 tory as the nearell place of note to the fcene of battle between 

 Richard HI. and Henry earl of Richmond. The manor 

 anciently belonged to the earls of Leicefter, and by a par- 

 tition came to Saer de Quincy, earl of Winchefter, who, in 

 the reign of king John, gave it to Richard de Harcourt, 

 of Stanton Harcourt, in Oxfordfhiie, whofe defcendant Ri- 

 chard Harcourt, when lord of the town, obtained from 

 Edward I. the privileges of a market (Wednefday) and a 

 fair. The manor continued in this family till Henry VHI.'s 

 reign, when it came to the marquis of Dorfet ; and from 

 him, by the earl of Huntingdon, to fir Wolftan Dixey 

 knight, whofe heirs are, or lately were, owners of it. Bol- 

 worth is 106 miles N.W. from London, and contains 120 

 houfes and 791 inhabitants. The church is large, contains 

 fonie ancient arms and monuments, and has a beautiful fpire ; 

 it had five chapels belonging to it. There is a frce-fchool, 

 of which Anthony Blackwall, a learned divine, wai mailer, 

 and Samuel Johnfon (afterwards LL.D. fo celebrated in 

 the literary world) his uiher. Thomas Simpfon, the ma- 

 theriiatielan, was born here in 1710, who, from indigent 

 circumllances, and the bnfinels of llufi-.veaving, acquired fo 

 deep a knowledge of mathematics, as to rank him with the 

 moil feientific men of the age, and to raife him to the pro- 

 fcflTorniip at Woolwich, and F. R.S. He died at Bol'worth, 

 1761. See Simpson. Nichols' Hiitory of L.eice{lerlhire, 

 fee Market Bofworth, et feq. 



BoswoRTH, Raiile of, in Hiflory. This battle, on which 

 the kingdom of England depended, and which terminated 

 the civil war between the houfes of York and Lancaller, was 

 fought Augult 32, 1485, on a large flat plain, called Rad- 

 more plain, .3 miles from Bofworth, and 4 miles from Hinck- 

 ley, between Henry earl of Richmond at the head of 6000 

 men, and king Richard HI. with an army above double that 

 number : about 100 of the former wtre flain, and about 

 4000 of the latter. The battle, v/hich lalled little more 

 than two hours, was decided by the death of Richard, as 

 his followers then fought fafety in flight, and left Richmond 

 mailer of the field and kingdom. Richard fought with fin- 

 gular intrepidity ; his body, being found among the flain, 

 was ignominioufly thrown acrofs a horfe, and carried to Lei- 

 cefter, where it was interred in the Grey Friars church. 

 Many relics of this battle have at various times been found 

 by digging and ploughing in the field. Thefe were fpurs, 

 rings, armour, crofs-bows, arrow-heads, &c. King Ri- 

 chard's well, and Crown hill) where Richmond harangued 



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his army, prcfcrve the identity of the place. Henry'j Hifl. 



of England. 



BOTAF.A, in Geography, the name of one of the La- 

 dronts, or Marian iflands. 



BOTABOTA, in Onihlolo^y, a name given by fomc 

 writers to that fpccies of fea fwallow {hinniilo efnihiila), 

 whofe nclls are fo famous fi-r foups in China, and in fome of 

 the illands in the Indian ocean. See Esculi,nt.\ Hirumla. 

 The nefts are fuppofed to be rcftonitive, and greatly provo- 

 cative to ver.ery ; for which lall quality it is that the eaft- 

 ern nations in general are fo fond of them. See Bird's 

 Nejl.<. 



BOTAGIUM, in MhUUc A^e Writers, a fee paid for 

 wine fold in bol,r, or huls. 



Wine that taftts of the caflc is called v'mum lolalum. 



BOTALE FoK.\MtN, \n /lihiloniy, an aperture in the 

 heart of a fcctus, whereby the blood is enabled to circiiUite, 

 without going into the lungs, or the left ventricle of the 

 heart. Seel'iiius, Circulation, and Heart. 



BOTALLUS, Leonard, in Bio^rop'.y, an eminent phy- 

 fician of Piedmont, floiirifhed about the niidille of the i^iu 

 century. He was a difeiple of Fallopius, and toe k hio de- 

 gree of dodlor in medicine at Padua. It appears by hi» 

 writings, that he was a diligent obferver, and enjoyed a con- 

 fiderable (hare of practice. That he was in great ellimation, 

 appears by his having been made in fncciflion phyfician and 

 aulic counfellor to Charles IX. Henry II. of France, and to 

 William prince of Orange. He was alfo ikilled in the prac- 

 tice of fnrgtry, having been inflrufled under his brother in 

 the camp of the prince of Orange, whom he cured of a 

 wound, in which the carotid artery had been injured. His 

 works are, " De curandis vulneribus fclopctorum," Svo. 

 [560, Vcnet. This has been frequently n.pvintcd, and con- 

 tinued, for a lung time, to be elteemed the n.oll uftfiil ma- 

 nual that had been publiflied on the fubjcil. " Commenta- 

 rioli duo, alter de medici, alter de irgioti, nninere," l''/)^, 

 Lion, Svo. ; in this he lays down ruhs for the conduft of 

 the phyfician, the furgeon, and the apothecary, in their at- 

 tendance upon the fick. But the work by which he is molt 

 known, and which produced an important revolution in the 

 practice of medicine, is his " De curatione per faiiguinis 

 miflione, de mcidendae vciise, cutis fcarilicands, et liirudi- 

 num affigciidarum modo," Antw. i ^^^, Hvo. Though 

 bleeding liad always been occafionally ufed in the cure of 

 difeafes, yet in his time it was nearly coiillantly fuperfeded 

 by purging mcdiclnci, or it was too fparingly ufed, and 

 feldom repeated. Our author made frequent recourfc to it, 

 with complete fuccefs, he fays, in diarrhoea, dyfentery, m 

 fever, the plague, and during pregnancy, in which calcs it 

 was nearly prohibited. Flattered with the fuccefs with 

 which his prailice was attended, he became, as he advanced 

 in life, more and more bold and free in the ufe of the lancet, 

 and has left records of cafes, in which he bled his patients 

 ten times, or oftener. He even recommends bleeding in 

 quartan fevers, and in dropfies. The reputation the author 

 acquired, foon procured him profelytes ; and bleeding be- 

 came a general remedy all over Europe : but in no country 

 was it carried to fuch excefs as in France, where tiie profef- 

 fors of medicine, for their too frequent recurrence to it, 

 were held up to ridicule by Le Sage, in his inimitable novel 

 of Gil Bias. The mania has at length fubfided ; and bleed- 

 ing is now confidered by them as a valuable, but not as an 

 univerfal remedy. The works of Botalhis were colleded, 

 and publifhed under the title of " Opera Omnia," in 1660, 

 at Leyden, by I. W Home. Halkr. Bib. Med. Prad. ct 

 Chirurg. Eloy. Bib. Hift. 



3 BOTANIST, 



