B O U 



|rrf\--bsckfd flirik*, lanius exniUlor, in Bufpimdy. Tlie 

 wurds are dciivod from the Euglifli butclur-binls, an epithet 

 applied with us, in a jjcncral manner, to all the ipccics of the 

 (lirike, or lanius ritnus. 



BOllCHE, Martiv, in Blo^rnphy, an engraver, who 

 flourished in i6}!o. He was chiefly employed by book- 

 fellcrs : «nd portraits were his priTicipal performances. He 

 worked aho^flhcr with the praver, in a nrat but t^ifT ftvle ; 

 but his porfaits, feveral of wliich were thof- of Jefuits who 

 futfcrtd Ml England about his time, arc not dellitutc of mcvit. 

 Strutt. 



BiivcHE of court, the privilege of having meat and drink 

 at court fcot-free. 



The word is alfo written bo-u'^e, bouge, and buH^e ; it is 

 mere Erencli, where it fignifies mouih. The French flili ufc 

 the plirafe, yfvoir boiiche a la cour ; that is, to ba-j: tabli or 

 Jut at court. 



This privilege is fometimes only extended to bread, beer, 

 and wine: it was a cullom anciently in ufe, as well in t!ie 

 boufes of noblemen as ii\ the king's court. 



Thomas carl of Laiicaller retained lir John de Ewre, to 

 ferve him with ten men at arms in time of war, allowing tlu-ni 

 houge of court, with livtrv of hay and oats, horic-fliOLS, and 

 nails. Sir Hugh Merrill had the fame privilege for liTe, on 

 condition of ferving king Edward II. Kennct. GlofT. ad 

 I'aroch. Ant. p. 578. 



BoL'CHE d' Argent, in Conchology, the trivial French name 

 of a ibell of the turbo genus, the mouth, or opening of which 

 is fdvery within. Linnaeus calls it turbo argyrojlonnn ; tke 

 Engliih iilver-mouth turbo, or filver-mouth. 



BouCHE {/'Or, as in the former, a trivial fort of exprcffion 

 among the French collef^ors for the Linnxan turbo chr\foJla- 

 THUS, the month of which is of a fine golden hue. This is the 

 gold-mouth turbo of the Englifti. 



There are a number of other {hells, dillingui(hed in like 

 manner, by the colour of the mouth, to each of which a cha- 

 racterillic epithet is given ; but fuch names are always capri- 

 cious, and liable to be mifapplied, bccaufe thev are the names 

 in common ufe among the dealers in flicU?, and others, who 

 have only a flight acquaintance with the fubjcft of tella- 

 ceology. It is always bettei, therefore, to retain the names 

 alcribed to them by Linnius, and oilier Latin authors. 



BOUCHEMAINK, in Geography, a town of France, in 

 the department of the Maine and Loire, and chief place of a 

 canton in the dillrift of Angers ; 4 miles S. of A njers. 



BOUCHENE', a town of Perlla, in the province of Ko- 

 rafan ; lo miles N. of Herat. 



BOUCHER, Francis, in Biography, a modern French 

 painter of celebrity, was born at Paris in i;o6, firft educated 

 under Le Moine,'and finifhed his ftudies at Rome. Upon 

 bis rctnrii to Paris, where he fettled, he obtained, by the 

 flyle of J\is painting, the appellation of the '= painter of the 

 graces," and the " French Albani." He was advanced to 

 the pod of firll painter to the king, and that of diredor of 

 the Academy of Painting, after Vanloo ; but he was carried 

 off by a premature old age in 1770. His charafter was fecial 

 and frank, without envy or avarice ; he was always ready to 

 bellow his works on tliofe who admired them, and liberal in 

 his encouragement of young anills. Of hi? lingular modefty 

 we have an indance, in his refufal to retouch a pifture of one 

 of the tirft Italian mailers, alleging, " Such works are holy 

 veffels to me." His works were held in high eftimation. 

 He poITcfred great fertility of invention ; but, fays Mr. 

 Strutt, he was defeftive in correftnefs and grandeur of de- 

 fign. He executed fome flight etchings from his own 

 compofitions, and ihofe of other mailers. Strutt. Nouv. 

 J)idl. Hill. 



B O U 



Boucher, John, a furious fanatic, was born in Parij, 

 where he became profefTor of pliilolophy and theology, 

 and afterwards reftor, in 1580. He was alfo prior and 

 doctor of the Sorbonne, and was made reftorof St. Bciiedift. 

 As a preacher and a writer, he was a leading and adtive pro- 

 moter of the league againft king Henry III. : the rebels firft 

 afTcmbkd in his apartments in 1585 ; and he ordered the 

 alarm-bell to be rung in his church, which contributed to 

 excite the popular iufurrettion of 1587, the confequencej of 

 which were fo difgraccful ana detrimental to the king. Soon 

 after he publilheii a difcourfe, entitled, " De jnlla Hen- 

 rici III. abdicatione c Fiancorum regno," Par. 1589; which 

 containe'l feveral very infamous charges againil the king. 

 Boucher has been charged with inftigating James Clement, a 

 Dominican monk, to the affaffination of Henry ; however 

 this be, he applauded the aft after it had been committed. 

 He was a violent oppofcr to the fucceffion of Henry iV. 

 againll whom he declaimed from the pulpit and from the 

 prcfs. Nor did his oppofition ccafe with the king's abjura- 

 tion ; for pretending that he was a feigned convert, and that 

 the pope's abfolution was invalid, he publiflicd " Nine Ser- 

 mons" on the fnbjeft, which he had preached at Paris in 

 I ■;<; ;. When the Parifians received Henry into the capital, 

 thefe fermons were pnbHcly burnt, and Boucher, perfilHng 

 in the party of the leaguers, fled with the Spaniih garrifon, 

 in 1 ■;94, into the Low Countries. At Tournay he obtai 'ed 

 , a canoniy ; and, after a refidence of 50 years, he died dean 

 of that chapter, in 1644. Under a feigned name he is fup- 

 pofed to have wntten an apology for John Chatel, who made 

 an attempt on the life of Henry IV. and alio for the Jefuits, 

 who, in confequence of it, were banilhed from France. So 

 atrocious was his virulence as a partifan, that hejullified the 

 conduft of thofe wretches who had hangijd the firft prclident 

 Briinni, and dignified them with the title of martyrs of Jefus 

 Chrift, after they had been executed by the duke de 

 Mayenne for that murder. It is faid, however, that, towards 

 the clofe of his life, he regretted living among the enemies of 

 his country, and manifefted fome figns of repentance for the 

 atrocities of which he had been guilty. Gen. Dicl. 



Boucher, John-Joseph, born at Lifle, the 25th of 

 March I /J J, was made, in fucceflion, phyfieian to his native 

 city, correfponding member of the Academy of Sciences, and 

 foreign alFociate of the Royal College of Surgery at Paris. 

 He publifhed, in 175-I, " Mcthode abre^ec pour traiter la 

 dyfenterie regnante a Lifle en 1750," 4to. He alfo fur- 

 nifhtd the Journal de Medicine with " f-lcteorologieal Ob- 

 fcrvations" made at I^ifle, and with other pliilofophical 

 papers. Eloy. Dift. Hift. 



Boucher, in Geography, a town of Perfia, in the province 

 of Farfiftan, on the north coail of the Perfian gulf; 160 

 miles S.W. of Schiras. 



BOUCHOUX, a town of France, in the department of 

 Jura, and chief place of a canton in t.hc diftrift of St. Claude. 

 The place contains 1,890, and the canton 6,094, inhabitants ; 

 the extent of the territory comprehends 127J kiliometres 

 and 13 communes. 



BOUCLANS,a town of France, in the department of the 

 Doubs, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrift of Befan- 

 5on ; 8 mile's E. of Befanijon. 



BOUCLIER, in Ichthyology, fynonymous with cyclop- 

 tere the French name of the Cyclopterus genus of 

 fifhes. 



Bouclier iTecalllede torluc, in Conchalogy,\.\\e'n?ime given 

 by the French colleftors to thofe (helb of the limpet c;enus 

 whole colours, and general form, bear fome refemblai.ee to the 

 fcalc of a tortoife. The moft remarkable fpccies of this 

 kind is pcttella tejludinaria of Linnaeus. 



2 BOUCLIEK 



