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It is good for notliiiig-. The fertik plains adjacent to Em- 

 babe, on the wellern fide, arc enriched with feveral kinds of 

 culture ; and in particular they produce a fort of lupins, of 

 the feeds of wliicli there is a great confumplion in Epfypt. 

 Thefe are boiled with fait and water, and eaten, after beinc; 

 ftripped of the thick and hnrd fl-ciii with which they are 

 covered. They are fold ready drcifed in the ftrects and 

 markets. By the Chrillinns in ll;e tad, lupins, called " Em- 

 babens," from the place of their growth, arc eaten as a flimu- 

 lus for drinking brandy. Flour is alfo made of them, 

 which is adapted to clean the hands and foften the flvin. The 

 ttalk, reduced to aflics, is preferred to other cliarcoal in the 

 compofition of gun-p; wdtr. 



Half a league to the north-enfl of Boulac is the old caflle 

 of " Helle," fo called, probably, from " Hciiopolis," not 

 far dillant ; it is now falling into ruins. Here the Beys, 

 attended with brilliant retinues, receive the rew pacha, 

 to conduft him in pomp to the prifon, whence they 

 have jull expelled his preJcccflbr. In the environs of HtUc 

 are fpacious inclofures, where orange, lemon, and pome- 

 granate trees grow luxuriantly, and form, with fycamorts 

 and palms, bowers and groves of delicious fragrance and 

 refrcfliing coolnefs. Savary. Sonnini. Brown. 



BOULAJ, C.esar-ILgasse Du, in Bto^mphy, regiller, 

 hilloricgrapher, and reftor of the univerfity of Paris, was 

 a native of St. EUier, in Maine, and became, for many years, 

 proftflbr of rhetoric in the college of Navarre. His trtatife 

 of rhetoric, entitled " Speculum eloquentis," was much 

 efteemed ; and he alfo publifhed, in French, a " Thefaurus 

 of Roman antiquities," fol, Paris, iG^o; but he acquired 

 his higheft reputation from a " Hiftory of the univerfity of 

 Paris," in 6 vols. fol. containing, indeed, many fabulous rela- 

 tions with regard to the early periods of the univerfity, but 

 much curious information concerning the lives and writings 

 of the literati of France, and of other countries. Boulai 

 wrote Latin verfes with tolerable eafe and purity. He 

 died in 1678. Gen, Did. 



BOULAINVn.LlERS, Henrv de, count de St. 

 Saire, &c. was born at St. Saire, in 165S, and educated in 

 a feminary of the fathers of the oratory. His firft profefiion 

 was that of arms, which he quitted on the death of his 

 father, and an account of the deranged ttate of his domeftic 

 affairs. From this time he ardently purfued his favourite 

 ftudies of hiftory and genealogy, both for his own amufe- 

 ment, andthe inftruftion of his children. Voltaire, quahfying 

 his commendation by afcribing to him that attachment to fyf- 

 tem, which perverted his narrations, fays of him, that he was 

 the mod ItzvneA gentleman in the kingdom, with refpect to hif- 

 tory, and tlie bell qualitied to write that of France. But 

 Montefquieu, as well as the prefident Hcnault, have entirely 

 rejefted his affertions concerning the commencement of the 

 French monarchy ; and the former characterizes him as 

 *' poffcffing more wit than underflanding, and more under- 

 ftanding than knowledge." Such was his refpeft for nobi- 

 lity, that he entitles the feudal fyllem, " the nialter-pi;ce of 

 ?'-uman art." Inclined as he was, in fome refpefts, to free- 

 thinking, he had his fyftematic prejudices, and avowed his 

 faith in judicial aftrology. In all his writings, however, 

 his intentions feem to have been thofe of a good citizen. 

 His works are, " A Hiftory of France, to the reign of 

 Charles VIII." J vols. limo.; " Hiltorical Memoirs on the 

 ancient government of France, to the time of Hugh Capet ;" 

 " Hiftory of the Peerage of France;" " Diftertations on 

 the Nobkfte of France ;" " State of France," 6 vols. 1 imo. ; 

 " Memoir on the Adminiftration of the Finances." 2 vols. 

 i2mo.; " Hiftory of the Arabians and of Mahomet," left 

 unfiniftied, but publilhed after his death, both at London 



Vol. V. 



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snd Amdcrdnm ; in which work, it fecms to have bcfn l.is 

 anil to n prefcnt Mahomet as a iiero, and an accompllfl-.cd 

 flatclman ; but in doing this, he has deviated much from 

 true hiftory. This work fubj.-aed him to the fufpicion of 

 indiftercnce with regard to Cliriltianity ; but t!ic Catholics 

 have endeavoured to adduce atteftatiuns to his p=ety, at the 

 time of his death, which happened in 1722. All his works 

 on French hiftory have been collcdtd in 1 vols, fol'o. 

 Nouv. Dlrt.IIift. 



BOULAN, in Geogni/'h. See Bulam- 



BOULANCHAIR, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in tTiC 

 provmce of Ahidulia, -o miles S. W. of Malatia. 



BOULANOER, NiciiotAS-AsTMONV, in Biography, 

 was born at Paris, in 172!, and devoting hiuifclf to the 

 ftndy of mathematics and architeaure, he accompanied 

 the baron de Thiers to the army, as engineer. On his re- 

 turn, he was employed in the conftrurtion of liridges and 

 caufeways, and executed various public works in Cham- 

 pagne, Burgundy, and Lorraine. From contemplating, iu 

 the exercife of hi;; profcffion, the changes which iiave taken 

 place in the firface of the earth, he was led to extend his 

 views and rcfearches to tlie changes of manners, govenimeiit, 

 and religion ; and, in order to acquaint himfclf more accu- 

 rately and extenfively with thcfc fubjefts, he applied to the 

 revival, or improvement, of his knowledge of Greek and 

 Latin, and to the ftudy of the oricntnl languages, both 

 ancient and modern ; and if ln"r> life had been prolonged, he 

 would have become one of the moft learned men in Europe. 

 His fpeculations, however, inclined him to free-thinking ; 

 and of this he gave evidence in various publications. Such 

 were, " A Treatife on Oriental Defpotifm ;" " Antiquity 

 Unveiled," publilhed after his death ; " Chriftianity Un- 

 veiled," not afcertained to have been written by him ; " A 

 Differtation on Elias and Enoch." He alfo contributed to 

 the Enc;, clopxdia the articles " Deluge," " Corvee," and 

 "Society." He died in 17^9. Nouv. Did. Hift. 



BouLANGER, JoHN, an engraver, who flouriflied about 

 the year 1657, was a native of France. His firft manner of 

 engraving was partly copied from that of Francis de Poilly ; 

 but he afterwards adopted a manner of his own, which, 

 though not original, he greatly improved ; and, accordingly, 

 he finiflied the faces, hands, and all the naked parts of his 

 figures very neatly with dots, inftcad of ftrokes, or ftrokes 

 and dots. This ftyle of engraving has been of late carried 

 to a high degree of perfection, particularly in England. 

 Notwithftanding feveral defers in the naked parts of his 

 figures, and in his draperies, his beft pnnts are defervedly 

 much cfteemed. Such are " A Holy Family," from Fran. 

 Corlebet ; " Virgin and Child," from Simon Vouct ; " The 

 Pompous Cavalcade," upon Louis the XIV. coming of age, 

 from Cliauveau ; " The Virgin with the infant Chrift," 

 holding f.mie pinks, and therefore called " The Virgin of 

 the Puik5," from Raphael ; " the Virgin de Pan"au," from 

 Salario ; " Chrift carrying his Crofs," from Nicolas Mig- 

 nard ; " A dead Chrift, fupported bj Jofeph of Arimathea." 

 He alfo engraved many portraits, and, among others, that 

 of Charles J I. of England. He likewife engraved from 

 I-eonardo de Vinci, Guido, Champagne, Stella, Coypel, and 

 other great mafters, as well as from his own dtfigns. Strutt. 



BOULAR, in Ornhhology. Cotgrave has the long-tailed 

 titmoufe, parus caudatus, under this name. 



BOUIjAY, in Giogmphy, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Mofclle, and chief place of a canton, in 

 the diftria of Metz ; 4? leagues N. E. from Metz. The 

 place contains 2,669, ^''<1 ^^^ canton I2,8ij inhabitants: 

 its territorial extent comprehends 227* kiliometres, and 37 

 communes. 



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BOUL- 



