B O U 



titj, from «.).V'! t<» 14 w- After fcveial iiiforior prefer- 

 mtiil* in liic "church, he was clcdcJ billiop of Worceller, 

 ill the former of ihcfe yeartj iiivclUd by tin king, with the 

 tcniporahties of tin's fee in 14^1, a'lil confccratcd in 143'') ; 

 lii« «ge not allowing of its btin^ ilone fooinr. In H.H' '"^ 

 was elected archbifhop of Cantcrbuiy, and piefided over 

 tlie church during ,j: years, in the moll diUmaed period of 

 the Englidi government. He enjoyed the prelacy 51 years 

 from tlie time of liis lirll confccration ; an honour of longer 

 duration than any which occui-s in the Knglifli hiftory, if 

 \vc except the cafe of biftiop Hough, who was bifhop n)r 

 ainioft Si years. He was promoted to the office of lord 

 liii;li chancellor of En;; land in 1455, and rcfiuncd it, ac- 

 cording to Rymcr, in the fuUowing year, but according to 

 Dngdale, in 14;;. In 1464, he received the red hat from 

 Rome, being created cardin;il-prielt of " St. Cyriacus in 

 Thermis." Soon after hii advancement to the fee of Can- 

 terbury, he vilittd his diocd'e, and inllituted feveral regula- 

 tions for its govenimeiit ; and he likewife piiblilhed a variety 

 of conftitutious for the reformation of the clergy and laity, 

 and for retraining the excelTive abnfe of papal provifions. 

 Among his beneVaclions, it is recorded, that he gave to 

 the prior and convent of C'lirill-church in Canterhnry, the 

 ahen prioi7 of Cranfield in KilVx, tlie grant of which he 

 had obtained from the crown, in the time of Edward IV. ; 

 to the church of Canterbmy, he gave a fine image of the 

 Trinitv, of fohri gold, adornLd with precious Hones, and 

 a complete let of faccrdolal veHments ; to his fucctflor, he 

 left 2000I. in recompencc for dilapidations ; to the church 

 of Worceller, he gave an image of the \'irgin Mary, of 

 gilt fiKer, cllimated at the value of fn^l. ; to the church of 

 Elv, 200 marks for repairing the ileeple ; and to each of 

 the univerfities, he be<jueathcd about 125I., which he or- 

 dcrcd to be kept in chtlls, for the fupport of poor fcholars. 

 The chell at Cambridge, which was united with Billing- 

 ford's, fubfiHed in 1601, wlicii lool. was borrowed out of 

 it, for the ufc of the univerlity : but this fund was after- 

 wards embezzled, through the iniquity of thetimes. The arch- 

 bifhop alfo left legacies to fevtral monalleries. Bourchier 

 had the honour of performing tlie man-iage ceremony between 

 Henry VI [. a;id tlie (laughter of Edward IV. Thus, as 

 Dr. Fuller obferves, " his hand full: IkKI that fweet polie, 

 wherein the white and red rofes were tied together." He 

 died at hi* palace of Knowle in 148(1, and was buried on 

 the north fide of the choir, by the high altar, in a tomb of 

 marble, round the verge of which is an infcrlption in old 

 tei^t charaders. To the learning of this prelate, the tefti- 

 monies are very equivocal ; no record of it remaining, if we 

 e.xcept fonie fynodical decrees, an inquiry into heiefies, and 

 a few letters, inllruftions, and adchelles to his clergy, 

 which appear to have been merely official. The aft that 

 does the greateft honour to his memory, and indeed the 

 only one that claims onr particular notice, was his intro- 

 dudlion of the art of printing into Enijland. Having been 

 informed, that the inventor, Todan, uliiij John Guthen- 

 berg, had fct up a prefs at Ilaerlem, he perfuaded king 

 Henry VI. to commilfion Robert Tournour, a gentleman 

 of his wardrobe, to go over privately to Haerlein. This 

 ptrfon was furailhtd with 1000 marks, of which the arch- 

 bilhop contributed .300, and accompanied by Caxton, a 

 merchant of London, embarked for Holhnd. Concealing 

 both his name and btifinefs, he went lirll to Amllerdani, 

 then to Leydcn, and to lail fettled at Haerlem. After 

 fpending much time and money, he at length perfuaded 

 Frederic Corlelli, one of the conipolitors, to carrv ofl' a 

 fet of letters, and to tmbark with him in the night for 

 London. L'poii their arrival, Corlelli was lent down to Ox- 



B U 



forJ, and fecured from efcaping, before the fecret was tlio- 

 roughly divulged, by fetting a guard upon the prefs. Thus, it 

 if faid. the inyllery of printing appeared ten years fonner lu 

 the univerlity of Oxford, than at any other place in Eu- 

 rope, Haerlem and Mentz excepted. Not long after, 

 preflln were fet up at Weftminllcr, St. Alban's, Wovcci- 

 ter, and other monafteries of note. If this account be 

 jull, printing was introduced into England, by the care of 

 "arehbifliop lloutchier, in 1464, the third year of king Ed- 

 ward IV. See I'RiNriMG. Biog. Brit. 



BOUliDALOUE, Lewis, a celebrated preacher and 

 reformer of pulpit eloquence in Fiance, was born at Bour- 

 gvsin \C>yz, and entered at an early age, into the fociety 

 of Jefuit'i. Having dillinguifiied himfclf by his proficiency 

 in the l\iidies hiimcdiattly connected with his profeffiou, 

 and more particularly by his talents for the pulpit, the fo- 

 ciety determined to aflign him the officu; of a preacher. 

 The reputation which he acquired in the country, induced 

 his fuperiors to fend for him to Paris in 1669, where his 

 fame increafed, and recommended him to the court, fo that 

 he preached before Louis XIV., in the advent of 1670. 

 He continued, for many years, the favourite preacher of the 

 king, though he occafionally animadverted on his pcrfoual 

 faults, fpon the revocation of tiie ed:d of Nantes, he 

 was appointed by the court, to preach the catholic doc- 

 trine to the new converts in Languedoc. His talents were 

 peculiarly adapted to this mifTion, as he was fcrious and 

 imprefTive, and, at the fame time, mild and inlinuating, and 

 capable of accommodating his addreffes to perfons of every 

 rank and condition. With refpeA to the llylc of his elo- 

 quence, M. d'Alembert, in his " Eloge de MafTillon," re- 

 prefents it as folid and fcrious, and, above all, ftriclly 

 logical. Compared with MafTillon, he is faid to have been 

 the bell rcafoner, and the latter the moll pathetic. It re- 

 dounded much to the honour of Bourdaloue, that he had, 

 in a great degree, the merit of an original ; the pulpit, 

 when he appeared, " rivalling the theatre in buffoonery, 

 and the fchools in drynefs." Towards the clofc of his lite, 

 he devoted himfelf to the fervice of the hofpitals, the pri- 

 fons, and the poor, and to other offices of charity. His 

 conduft, which was exempt from that laxity of morals that 

 was charged on his fraternity, afforded the befl refutation 

 of the " Provincial Letters." He died in the midll of his 

 pious and benevolent labours, in 1 704. His dlfcourfes and 

 other religious tracts have been publiflied in two editions, 

 one of 16 vols. Svo. and the other of iS vols. l2mo. The 

 full is the moft efteemed. Nouv. Di£l. Hill. 



BOURDEAUX, or Bordeaux, in Geography, a citT 

 and fea-port of France, and capital of the department of 

 the Gironde, including 6 cantons, which contain i 1 2,844 

 inhabitants, and comprehending Qji kilioinetres, and one 

 commune. Bourdeaux is feated on the we!l bank of the 

 rivL-r Garonne, about 40 miles rrom its month ; and, before 

 the revolution, it was the capital of the ]ir(>vince of Guy- 

 enne, and one of the moft prciperous and flourifiiing cities 

 of iMance, but, in confcqutnce of that event, its com- 

 merce has fuffered much injury. The tide flows quit^ up 

 to the city J its port is amp'e and commodious, and (hips 

 of conliderable burden may load and unload at its quavs. 

 It was not uiiufual to fee 400 or 500 veffels in the harbour 

 at the fame time. Its traffic with the Wvll Indies con- 

 lilled ot fugar, cotton, indigo, and other merchandizes ; 

 Its chief exports were wine and brandy, and particularly 

 the vin de Bordeaux, which we denominate claret ; to- 

 gether witli vinegar, fruit, rcliii, paper, honey, cork, &'j. j 

 and its imports were woollen iiuffs, tin, copper, coal-, her- 

 rings, leather, failed beef, tallow, dn\gs, deals, mafts for 



