B O U 



ftii'ps, liemp, pitcli aiiJ tar. The wliale ant! cod filTiery, 

 likcwile, formed a coiifiderable brancli of tlm commerce of 

 tliis city. It had 5 forts, the principal of which is that 

 called " Trompette," fortified by M. de Vaubaii, and 

 comniaiidiiig the harbour. The figure of this city is a 

 Isiiid of half moon ; and it coiifids of 3 fauxboiircfs, viz. 

 that of " Chapcaiix-ronge," that of " St. .SurinV' and 

 that of " Ciiarlrons," which hill is remarkable for its ex- 

 tent, and the beauty of its buildings. Its univerfity was 

 founded in 1441 ; its academy of fcienccs and belles lettres 

 was eilablilhcd in 1712, to which belongs a large library ; 

 its cathedral is an imnienfc Gothic ftrudhire ; and its hof- 

 pital, built without the walls, accommodates a variety of 

 nianufadures. The " Phice royale," in the fauxbourg of 

 '' Ciiapeaux-roiige," is adorned with feveral magnificent 

 buildings, and an equellrian llatue of Louis XV. iu bronze, 

 erected in 174.;. Its theatre is the moll magnificent in 

 France, and the adors ufed to receive extravagant falaries ; 

 and as much as London exceeds Paris, fo much did Bour- 

 deaux, before the revolution, tranfcend Liverpool. This 

 city has many velliges of Roman art and grandeur ; fuch 

 as the tower-gate, faid to have been conftrufted in the time of 

 Augullus ; the amphitheatre, which formed an oval of 227 

 feet long and 140 feet wide ; the palace of Gallienus, of 

 whicli remain only iome walls, and the z gates at the en 



B U 



ton of Orleans, both whilll he wa« in favour, and when he 

 loft it ; but at length, being difgulUd with the tumult and 

 artifices of the court, he withdrew in order to enjoy the 

 fweets of retirement. He died at Paris in 1^:63. His me- 

 moirs, under tiie name of Moiitrefor, in 2 vols, i imo. con- 

 tain feveral curious particulars, relating to tlic iiillory of 

 his time. He divulges without fcruple, the projeds he 

 formed again 11 the hfe of caidinal Richelieu. 



150URDELIN, Claudl, born at Villa-francha, near 

 Lyons, in 1621, applied early to the (ludy of pharmacy 

 and chymiftiy, in which he acquired confidenible re- 

 putation. \\'hen the royal academy of fcicnces was 

 formed in l6<>6, under the aufpices of Monf. Colbert, he 

 was appointed to fupcrintend the cliymical department, and, 

 in conjunaion with Duclos, made analyfes of the principal 

 mineral waters in France. He alio furniflied the academy 

 with the analyfes of numerous other natural bodies, and 

 contrived, or executed the greater part of the chymical ex- 

 periments, made in the laboratory of the academy, for the 

 fpace of 23 years. He died in 1699, and was fncceeded in 

 Ins appointment by Monf. Lemery. Haller. Bib. Botan. 

 Floy. Dift. Hill. 



BOURDELOIS, in Gen^rnphy, was, before the revo- 

 lution, the name of a country of France in the province of 

 Gnyenne, in the environs of IVjurdeaux ; boundid on tlie 

 eall by Ageiiois^ and Perigord, on the fouth I)y Galeonv, 



trance; a temple confecrated to the tutelary deities, whofe 



columns furpallcd in elevation the finell buildings of the city, on the well by the fea, and on the north by Saiiitonge. 



and which fubfilled almoll entire, till the year 1700, when BOURDELOT, John, in Bio^jrjjif<v, a learned French 



Louis XIV. demolifhed it, in order to extend the efplanade 

 of the Trompette callle ; the fountain of Aubege, celebrated 

 by Aufonius, and furnilhing the city with water. Sec. The 

 temperature of Bourdeanx, upon a mean of 5 years, from 

 1777 to 1781, was 56.8°; and the ftandard temperature 

 of this latitude is 57.6^^ See Kirwan's ellimate, &c. p. 87. 

 N. lat. +4° 50' 18". W. long. 0° 34' 49". 



BouRDEAUX, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Drome, and chief place of a canton, in the dillri£l of 

 T)ie ; the town contains 1181, and the canton .jSSj inha- 

 bitants. The territory comprehends 132^ kiliometres, and 

 9 communes. 



BOURUEILLE, a town of France, in the department 

 of the Dordogne, 3' leagues N. W. of Perigueux. 



BOU RDEII^l^ES, Peter de, in Biography, more 

 generally known by the name of Brantoine, of which he 

 was abbot, was born of an ancient family of Guyenne, in 

 1527. From his early youth, he devoted himfclf to the 

 fervile offices of a couitier, without deriving any fubllan- 

 tJal advantage from the charadler he aflfumcd, and the ad- 

 ventures in wliich he was engaged. Although he obtained 

 the honorary diliindlions of knight of the order of Malta, 

 gentleman of the chamber to the kings, Charles IX. and 

 Henry 111., chamberlain to the duke of Alen^on, and ba- 

 ron of Riehcmont in Perigord, he complains of indigence 

 at the approach of old age. He died in 16 14, at the age 

 of 87. His memoifd, wliich have furiiiihtd anecdotes and 

 biographical narrations, relative to the time in which he 

 lived, were printed in 10 vols. l2mo. ; and the laft edition 

 at the Hague in 1741, to whicli is annexed a fupplement, 

 is extended to 15 volumes. Thefe memoirs abound with 

 indecencies and contradiftions ; and though the anecdotes 

 he has recorded, throw confiderable light on the biography 

 and hiftory of the times, his own opinions and obfervations 

 are entitled to little deference. Brantomc, however, is an - 

 amnfing writer, and his memoirs have had many readers. 

 Nouv. Dia. Hill. 



BouRDKiLLES, Ci-AUDE DE, the nfphcw of the pre- 

 ceding, and comtc de Moiitrefor, attached himfelf to Caf- 



critic, lived towards the clofe of the "i 6th, and commence, 

 ment of the 17th century. Having applied from his youth, 

 to the lludy of the belles lettres and learned languages, he 

 acquired the reputation, according to Baillet, of being a 

 connoifTeur in the oriental tongues, and in the knowledge 

 of MSS. He was alio well Hulled in the law, and became 

 an advocate to the parliament of Paris in 1627, and was 

 appointed, on account of his merit, mailer of requelts by- 

 Mary of Medicis. He died fuddenly at Paris in i6;8. 

 His I'notes and .emendations upon Lucian were pubhlhed 

 at Paris in 161 j, fol. ; his Heliodorus, with notes, in 

 t6ig, Svo. ; and his Petronias, alfo with notes, at Am- 

 ilerdam in J'')(^3, i2mo. He wrote alfo, according to 

 Moreri, an " Univerfal hiftory ;" " Commentaries on Ju- 

 venal," and many other works which were never publiftied. 

 The abbe Bourdelot, his fiftcr's fon, who changed his 

 name from Peter Michon, in compliment to his uncle, \'jhs 

 a celebrated phyfician at Paris, who gained great reputa- 

 tion by a treatife upon the viper, and feveral other works. 

 He died there in 1685, at tlie age of 76. Biog. Did. 



BOURDIN, in Ccinchology, the vulgar French nan>e of 

 a fpecies of the Haliotis genus, found upon the rocks on 

 tlie coaft of France, and in the Mediterranean, the animal 

 of which is eaten. The fort of Haliotis, generally called 

 Bourdin, is the H. tuherculala ; but the fpecie-^^^/vV?/!-; aif^ 

 bears the lame name. Belloniiis gave the title of Bour- 

 din to the whole tribe of thofe fliells called the fea ears, 

 auris marina, &c. See Haliotis. 



BOURDON, in Entomology, the trivial French name of 

 the male inkd of the common honey bee, jlph miUitica. 

 But, among the naturalifts of Fiance, it is applied, 111 

 a more efpecial manner, as a gentrical title to that family 

 of the bee tribe which Linnaeus calls ^ipcs iointinair.cs 

 hirfut'iffimn: . Thefe arc called alfo Bourdons velus, or hauy 

 bees, in common. See Aris, Bee, }i(.f.,'wilj, and Hcm- 



BLE-iff. 



Bourdon, Sfhastian, in Biography, an eminent paint- 

 er and engraver, was born at Montpellier, in 16 16, and 

 received the lirft rudiments of his art iVoni his father, who 



was 



