B R A 



( n for oU nieii and wonuii. Tlie v'lver, ivf- 



t )• tl.f name ot tlic l.mvcr Avun, palVcs throigh, 



ani! ili'.idfs the town "into two pirts, nflndivcly ttrnied llic 

 Now and Old Town. Thtfc arc coniRclcd by two Hone 

 bridpcs, one of iiiiio arctics, llic other of four. 'I'lu- markirts, 

 v-hichan-on Mondays and Saturdays, a.e well lupplicd with 

 meat and vegetables. It has alfo two fniri for oatllc, Sec. 

 Bradford formerly fent two members to parliamtut, who 

 . ere fumnontd tbe twenty-third year of Hdw. I. but dilcon- 

 .;iied the iicxt year. The town was greatly damajrcd by 

 •c on the ',oth April 1742. The lioules are uSS, and 

 '.e inhabitants 7302, of which number 4648 are employed 

 ■ : the nianufaaory. By a notice in the Saxon clironicle, it 

 jjipears that a battle was fought near this town in 652, be- 

 tween Kenewiitch, a weft Sa^on kinp, and the Britons, who 

 w.rc defending the counties of Somerfet, Devon, and 

 Cornwall frcm Saxon dominion ; but their efi'orts proved 

 iHifuccefsful, and Kenewalch drove them farther weftward. 

 A ntmnery was founded here by Aldhtlm, biftiop of Sher- 

 borne, about the year 706, which w^s totally dcftroyed in 

 the Dan (h wars, and never afterwards reftorcd. This lo;d- 

 fliip, with the parfonape, were given to the nunnery of 

 Shaftlhurv by king Ethelred in the year loio. About 2 

 miles N. E. from Bradford is the vill.ige of Holt, noted for 

 a irrdciiial fprinir which was difcovcrcd in the year 1718. 

 Vonr miles N. W. is Monktou Farley, the feat ot the duke 

 of SonerLt. About 3 miles S. W. r.re the mouldering 

 ruins of Farley CalUe, formerly one of the rtfidcnccs of the 

 H'-irgerfords. 



BKADFORn, an ancient and oonfidcrable market and ma- 

 mifaduring town in the Welt Riding of Ynrkftiire, in En<^- 

 !and ; is fituated between Leeds and Halifax ; 10 miles 5:om 

 the former, 8 from the latter, and 196 N. W. from Lon- 

 don. It is an extenlive parifh, containing feveral I'libordinate 

 liamlets, fcattcrcd cottages, and feats. The profperous 

 ih'.tc of the clothin;:; trade, and the augmentation of its 

 mamifadtures fince tlie general application of macb.inery, 

 have confpired to inereafe coniiderably the buildings and 

 population of this part of the countiy. In iSoi the houfes 

 of this town were elUmated at 1368, and its inhabitants at 

 639), about 1300 of whom were directly employed in ma- 

 nufaftures. Though worlled ftuffs are the llaple trade of 

 the place, yet fome broad and narrow cloths, wool cards, 

 combs, and leather boxes are alfo made here. For the con- 

 venience and accommodation of the tradefmen of the town, 

 a public Urudlure has been 'erected, called the Piece-hall, 

 wherein various manufaftured articles are exhibited and fold. 

 In the vicinity of Bradford is a fpaciousiron foundery, with 

 farge, &c. which is advantageonfly fupplied with its coal 

 and iron ore, on the fpot : here have lately been call fome 

 pieces of cannon for government. Three large iron- 

 founderies are alfo eftablilhcd in this tovi-n ; alfo a very fpaci- 

 ous lUU-houfe, for thedillii'ation of aquafortis and fpirits of 

 vitriol. By a cut from the Leeds and Liverpool canal, the 

 nianufaftures of the place are cheaply conveyed to the great 

 marts of commerce ; and other merchandizes and materials 

 are brought back in return. Br.idford has a weekly market 

 ( Monday), and two principal fairs annually. The church is a 

 large well propoitioned ilrudure, dedicated to St. Peter; 

 and has under it the chapels of Thornton, Wibfey, and 

 Hsworth. The adjacent land is all inclofed, pofTelTed by 

 fmall proprietors , and moilly occupied by the manufatturers 

 of the town. It is chicHy kept in paftnre for the fupport 

 of cows ; but a fmall portion is ploughed, and appropriated 

 to oats. At the commencement of the civil war in 1641, 

 Bradford was befieged and raafacked by the earl of New- 

 cailk's army. 4 



BRA 



At Pudfey, .J. miles from Bradford, is a large religious 

 honfe, belonging to the Moravians ; and confrils of a chapel, 

 refiv'^orv, dormitory, fchool, &c. See Moravians. Aikin's 

 Defcriplion of the country nnmd Maiichcfter, 4to. 



BUAOING Bav, lie's in the Kle of Wight, at the eaft 

 end of the illar.d, alinoll oppofite to Portfniouth, and not 

 far from St. Helen's road. It is ctnerally dry at low-water, 

 and when the tide is in, has only a narrow channel for fmall 

 xtffels, on account of a bar at the entrance. 



BRADLFJA, in Dolany, (in honour of Richard Brad- 

 ley, F. R.S. the (uk profeflbr of botany at Cambridge.) 

 Schreb. 1474. G:crtner, 63-'. Glochidion, Forller. Clafs, 

 monsaa motiailclphia, (Schreb.) Moiiizda hcxandr'ia, (La 

 Marck.) Nat. Order, Evphorbtic. 



Male Fkwen. 

 Trt/v-v, none, (Schreb.) five or fix leaves, perfifting (Ga'rt- 

 ner.) Carol, petals fix, ovate, concave, fpreading, nearly 

 equal. (Schreb.) none, (Gxrt.) 5/am. filaments three, 

 very minute ; anther cylindric, ereft, confiftmg of three 

 imited, didvmous anthers, tipped with a fliarp-pointed ap- 

 pendage. (Schreb.) fix, (Gsrt.) 



Female Floivers. 

 Cal. none. Cor. one-petallcd, fix-parted, inferior, three , 

 of the fegiT.cnts interior, (Schreb.) Cal. and Cor. as in the 

 male, (Gxrt.) Fiji, germ globofe, fix-furrowed, fupfirior ; 

 ftvle, nore ; Itigmas, from iix to eight, very fmall, converg- 

 ing, (Schreb.) ilyle thick, fix-parted above, iligmas fimple, 

 obtul'e, (Gaert. from the papers of Solander,). Perianlh. 

 capfule dcpreffed, with twelve furrows, fix cells, and fix 

 valves, dehifcent. Seeds, foliiary, roundifli, (Schreb.) two 

 in each cell, (Ga;rt.) 



Species I. B. f.nica. (La Marck. illud. pi. 772. a? 

 branch in fruit,) a ihrub. Leaves, alternate, lanceolate, 

 veined. Flowers, axillary, fingle, peduncled. 2. B. zeyla- 

 nica. A (hrub. Calyx, monopiiyUo'JS, fix-parted, (Gseit.^ 

 Flowers m.ore tl.an one on a peduncle, (La Marck.) 3. B. 

 ClocljiJi'ji!, ( Philipica, Ca\"anilles, jil. 371.) A tree. I-eavest 

 alternate, lanceolate, fmooth, axillary, very fmall and na- 

 merous. 



Bradleja is neaily allied to phyllanthus ; but the ftrufture 

 of the feeds is fo fingidar, that it ought to be made a dif- 

 tinft genus. 



BRADLEY, James, in Blogrnphy, an eminer.t aftrono- 

 mer, was born at Shireborn, in Gloucefterfhire, in the year 

 1692, and received the firft rudiments of education at a 

 grammar fchool in North-Leach. He was admitted a com- 

 moner of Baliol college, in the LTniverfity of Oxford, 

 March the 15th, 1710-11; and took tlie degree of B. A. 

 Oftober the 24th, 17 [4, and that of ^L A. January the 

 2ift, 1716-17. In 1719, he was ordained deacon and 

 prieil ; and preferred in the fame year by the bifliop of 

 Hereford, who had made him his chaplain, to the vicarage of 

 Bridllovv in Herefordil>ire. The finecure reftory of Lan- 

 dewy Wclfry in Peinbrckefiiire was alfo procured for him 

 ■ foon after, by the honourable Mr. Molyneux. With fuch 

 patronage he might have indulged realonahle exp-ftations 

 of more confiderab'e p.rcferments, and of attaining to emi- 

 nence in the church ; but his predileftion lor mathematical, 

 and aftronomical ftudies gave a different dirtftion to his 

 views and purfnits. In theic he was afnlled and encouraged 

 by his uncle. Dr. James Pound, who then relided at Wan- 

 dead in Eflex, where our ailronomer was curate, and where 

 he conimenced thofe obfervations that laid the found?.tioii 

 of his future fame. 



On the 3iitof Oftober, 1721, he fuccoeded Dr.Johii 

 Keil, as Savilian profeffor of ai'tronomy at Oxford ; and de- 

 termining to devote himfclf to aihonomy, fo congeEial to 



his 



