BRA 



Y;itioni Ka<l Lctn ^iien lo the u'.iivcrfiiy on iliii eoiidiiioii, 

 a ,il nearly tliirty ycarJ nfuT the death of Dr. Brarilcy, the 

 n.iard of LoiiRilude, itse'uig no profped of tlieir being pub- 

 hhtj, pafieJ feveral fpiritcd rcfoliitioiis, refpciitiiijj tlic 

 ;..i'jlic ri)^bl to thcfe Obfcrvations, and the i'Tipoitaiice of 

 ihc publication of them, whicli were Iran fniil ted to the 

 vicc-ehaiieellor of the imiverfity ; after conlidcrahle dchiy, in 

 March, i-ji/i, the Board was informed that tlic delegates 

 of the prefs in tlie nnivcrfity were proceeding with tlie work. 

 About the fame time in the following year the board renewed 

 its application to profcll'or liornlby, under whole direfiion 

 the Obfervations were to be p'lblilhcd ; and he, in reply, 

 en fa^^ied that the In.l volume fliould appear on or before 

 March id, in the following year. At length, however, 

 after long delay and renewed application, and fnceclllve in- 

 terruptions occalioned by the ill health of Dr. Horniby, the 

 ilril volume was publilhed in I 79H, in a fplendid form, more 

 worthy indeed the magnificence of a gri.at nnivcrfity, than 

 fuitable to the ufe of the pr;\ftical allronomer; under the 

 title of " Agronomical Obfervations made at the Royal 

 Oblcrvatory at Greenwich, from the year 1750, to the 

 year 176:." folio: the price in fhcets being five guineas. 

 Dr. Hornfby, alter having flated in a preface the canfcs of 

 the delay attending the publication, proceeds to give fome 

 account of the inllruments ufed by Dr. Bradley. The 

 tables contained in this volume are " Obferved tranfits of 

 the fun„ planets, and fixed liars over the meridian ;" " Me- 

 ridional diftances of the fun, planets, and fixed ftars from 

 tlie 7.cnith, fouthward ;" " Meridional diflauccs of the fixed 

 liars from liie zenith, northward ;" " With zenith feftor ;" 

 and likewifc " Apparent right afccnfions ;" the whole 

 comprifing 757 P-iges. ^'^g- Brit. Gen. Biog. Pro- 

 ceedings of the Board of Longitude in regard to the reco- 

 very of the late Dr. Bradley's Obfervations, &c. 1795, 

 folio. 



Bradley, Richard, profefTor of botany, in the univer- 

 fity of Cambridge, fellow of the Roval Society of London, 

 and foreign afToeiate of the Academy of Sciences at Paris. 

 He appears to have been indefatigable in his refearches, 

 and to have polTeiTtd no leis ingenuity than zeal for the 

 promotion of his favourite Ihidy ; yet no memoirs have 

 been pubhihed of his life, and we only know the time 

 in whith he lived from the date of his feveral publications. 

 " Hilloria plantarum fucculcntarnm," publiflicd in five 

 parts, in 1716, 1717, 1725, 1727, and 1728, 410. ; they were 

 afterwards publilhed togetlicr in- 1734, with figures. " A 

 new improvement of planting and gardening, both philofo- 

 phical and praftical," firil alfo in parts, and then collec- 

 tively, in 1731, Bvo. In this he gives the anatomy nf plants, 

 and iheir fexes. He dcmonflrates the circulation of the fap, 

 from the progrefs of a difeafc of the branch, downward to 

 the root. Pie alfo brings, as a further proof, an experiment 

 on the lime-tree, which being planted invc;rtcd, with the 

 branches downward, produce.! leaves and flowers from the 

 roots. " The virtues and ufe of coffee, with regard to 

 tl:e plague and contagious difeafcs," 1721, 8vo. with an 

 engraved figure of the plant. " Philofophical account of 

 the v^-orks of nature." He here alfo contends for the 

 double fexcs in plants. He gives an hiUcrical account of 

 the principal gardens in Europe, and gives the preference 

 to the public garden at Amftcrdam. " New experiments 

 relative to the generation of plants," 1724, Svo. " Trcalife 

 concerning the manner of fallowing ground, raifing of grafs 

 feeds, and training of line and hemp," 17'4, 4to. " Survey 

 of ancient hulb.uidry and gardening, coilefted from the 

 Greeks and Romans," 1/^5, Svo. with many other fimilar 

 vporks ; alfo " Diflienarium botanicum," Svo. i"28. in 



BRA 



which he gives the medical properties and the cotmJnes from 

 which the plants were originally brought. See Haller 

 Bib. Botan. for a complete catalogue and account of l.is 

 works. 



BRADNINCH, in Geo^mphy, an ancient corporate 

 and market town iu Devonihire, England, is fituated on 

 the banks of the river CoUumb, iu the great road from 

 Exeter to Bath, 8 miles from the former, 2 from Colhimp- 

 ton, and 16 j W. from London. This barony belonged, in 

 the time of ICdward the Confeflbr, to Biicluold, a Saxon : 

 and at prefcnt it is veiled in his royal highrefs the prince of 

 Wales. Bi-adnin<;h fent members to a parliament holden at 

 Wellmindcr, the fixlli year of Edward II. and likewife to 

 another at Windfor iu the following reign ; but on icconnt 

 of the trouble and expencc, the members were excufed from 

 fuither attendance. 



The original charter of incorporation was granted by 

 Reginald, earl of Cornwall, (natural fon of king Henry I.), 

 who gave his fcal to be ufed by them, which is Hill con- 

 tinued ; the corporation confills of a mayor, recorder^ 

 twelve mailers, a town-clerk, and two ferjeants at mace. 



The town confifts principally of one irregular ilreet, 

 nearly a mile in length ; the honfes, in general, indifferently 

 built, and covered with thatch, are eftimated at 253, and 

 the inhabitants 1187, who are nearly equally employed iu 

 agriculture and manufactures ; of the latter, paper-making 

 is the chief, there being, within two miles of the town, 

 five mills conftantly at work. 



Here are a market on Thurfdays, and two fairs. The 

 church dedicated to St. Denis, is an ancient edifice; the 

 body and fouth aide appear to have been built in the end of 

 Edward III.'s reign, or early iu that of Richard II. On 

 the breaking out of a rebellion in the north of England, in 

 the aSth year of Heni-y VIII., this town was appointed 

 the head-quarters for the troops under the command of the 

 marquis of Exeter, who was employed to aft againlt the 

 rebels. 



BRADS, in Carpentry, a flcnder kind of nail, ufed in 

 building, having no Ipreading heads as other nails have. 



Of thefe, fome are called joiners brads, and are for hard 

 wainfcots ; others, iath-n-bradj, for foft wainfcots ; and 

 fome bill-lraJs, or quarter-heads, ufed when a floor is laid 

 in hafte, or for fliallow joills fubjeft to v-'arp to. 



BRADSBERG /-?/->«, o\- Pf, in Geography, a dillrift- 

 of -Norway, in the diocefe of Chrilliania, containing the 

 difl.ri£tx>f Tillemavken. The inhabitants are diftinguiflied 

 for their hardinefs and valour, and have been always ac- 

 counted the moll warlike people of Norway. In this dif- 

 trift are feveral iron founderies. 



BRADWARDINE, Thomas, in Biography, denomina- 

 ted the " profound doclor," was born at Hatfield, in Suffolk, 

 (according to Godwin), or at Hart field, in Sufftx, (ac- 

 cording to I'ale,) towards the beginning of the 14th cen- 

 tury, and educated at Mevton eollege, in the univerfity of 

 Oxford, of which he was prodlor, in 1,325, and where he 

 took the degree of doftor in divinity. He was introduced 

 to court under the patronage of Stratford, archbifhop of 

 Canterbury, and became conicfTor to Edward III. canon 

 of Lincoln, and chancellor of St. Paul's cathedral in Lon- 

 don. He accompanied the king in his warlike expeditions 

 to Trance, and lo his fanflicy and prayers the fuperllition 

 of the age afcribed the viftories of this monarch more than 

 to the bravery of the foldiers, or the (kill nf their general. 

 In 1348, he was cledled by the chapter of Canterbury, to 

 fncceed Stratford as metropolitan ; but, in deference to the 

 king and pope, who preferred John Pllford, he furrendercd 

 to him the aichiepifcopal chair, but upon his death he v.as 



again 



I! 



