

BRA 



1v,s cliarader, we fliall be juRified in adoptiii_^ llic eulogy of 

 his panegynft Joflcniis, in his " Func-ral oration ;" vvlio 

 obfcrves concerning him, that " His lliidies were hfe ; 

 meditation, delight ; fcience, riches ; virtue, nobihty ; and 

 religion, his conllant guide." Gail'endus, in his " Equitis 

 Dani Tychonis Bnihe x-\lh-onomoruni Coryplijci vita," gives 

 the following lill oi his principal writings : 



I. " An account of the new liar which appeared Nov. 

 I2th, 1 572,ir. Cafliopeia," C!)peiiliagen, 1573, 410. 3. " An 

 oration concerning the n:iatliematical fciences, pronounced 

 in the uiiiveriity "f Copenhagen, in 1574;" publilhed by 

 Conrad Alhic, ofikrgcn, in Norway. •{. " A treatil'e on the 

 comet of the year 1577, immediately after it difappeared." 

 Upon revifing it nine years afterwards, he added a loth 

 chapter, printed at Uraniburgh, 1589. 4. " Another trea- 

 tife on the new phcenomena of tlie heavens ;" in the firlt: 

 part ot which he treats of the retlitution, as he calls it, of 

 the fun, and of the fixed liars ; and in the fecond part, of a 

 new ilar which had then made its appearance. 5. " A col- 

 ledlion of allronomical epiilles," 4to. Uraniburgh, 1596; 

 Nuremberg, 1602, and Francfort, 16 10. It was dedicated 

 to Maurice, landgrave of Hefl'e ; becaufe it contains a con- 

 fiderable number of letters of the landgrave William, his 

 father, and of Chnllophcr Rothmann, the mathematician of 

 that prince, to Tycho, and of Tycho to them. 6. " The 

 mechanical principles of allronomy reilored," Wandefburg, 

 1598, folio. 7. " An anfwer to the letter of a certain 

 Scotchman concerning the comet in the year i '577." 8. " On 

 the compofiiion of an elixir for the plague ; addreffed to 

 the emperor Rodolplius." 9. " An elegy upon his 

 exile;" Ivoilock, 1614, 4to. 10. "The Rodolphine ta- 

 bles," revifedaad publidiedby Kepler, according to Tycho's 

 dclire. 11. " An accurate enumeration of the fixed itars, 

 addrelTed to the emperor Rodolpluis. 12. " A com.plete 

 catalogue of 1000 of the fixed liars, which Kepler has in- 

 feited in the R odolphine tables." t >. " Hilloria cvelcilis ; or, 

 a hiilory of the heavens, in two parts ;" the tirft containing 

 the oblervations he had made at Uraniburg, in 16 books ; 

 the latter containing tb.e obfervations made at Wandeihurg, 

 Wittenberg, Prague, &c. in 4 books. 14. " An epiftle 

 to Caller Pucer," printed at Copenhagen, 1668. 



The apparatus of Tycho Bra'he, after having been tranf- 

 potted f:om place to place, during his hfe, wap, after his 

 ■death, pnrcliafed of his heirs by the emperor Rodolphus for 

 2i,ooo crowns of gold. The perfons to whole cullody he 

 committed them, concealed them from infpediou ; and thus 

 they remained ufelefs till the time of the troubles o-" Bohe- 

 mia, when the army of the elector palatine plundered them, 

 bi-eaking fome of them, and applying others to different 

 ules. The great celellial globe of brals was preferved ; 

 carried trom Prague, and depolited with the Jefuite of 

 NeylTa in Silefi^, whence it was afterwards taken, about the 

 y ::ir j6j3, by Udahic, fon of Chrillian, king of Deimiark, 

 a:;c! placed in the hall of the roval academy at Copenhagen. 

 Gall'endi, ubi fupra. Moreri. Coxe's Travels in Denmark, 

 See. vol. V. p. 191, &c. Svo. Gen. Ditl. 



I'RAHELINNA, in Geography, a town and royal de- 

 mefue of Sweden, in the province of Savolax. 



BRAIIESTAD, a town of Sweden, in the province of 

 Eall Bothnia, built by count Peter Brahe in 1652, and 

 invefted with the privileges of a town. It has a conimo- 

 ■diuiis harbour. ■♦ 



BRAHH-OW, or Braila, a town of Walachia, feated 

 ■on the Danube, near the confines of Moldavia, oppofite to 

 Sihftria. N.lat. 45°. E. long. ;>7°. .14'. 



BRAHIN, a town of Lithuaiiinj in the palatinate of 

 Mmlk ; 48 miles E. of Mozyr. 

 Vol, V. 



BRA 



BR/i^ILLER, Fr. to fcream and roar in finglng vul- 

 garly, like country pl'almodills and parilh clerks. 



BRAILS, m Sea languiigc, a general name given to all 

 ropes which are employed to liaul up, or colkft to tlieir 

 yards, the bottoms, lower corners, and ikirts of the great 

 lails, for the more ready furling them whenever it liccomcs 

 nceeflary. In particular, it is applied to ropes, fallened at 

 diftcreiit places on the aftmoft ridge of the mizen, and paff- 

 mg through blocks on the mizen mall, for the purpole of 

 brint^ing or biailing up the fail to the mall ; boats with 

 either gaif or fprit-fails have generally brails attached to 

 ihcfe iails. The operation of thus drawing them together, 

 is c.-Wled bmiling them up, or Imuhr:^ tiscm up in the hru'ih. 



BRAIN, in Ami'.omy. The brain is a foft and fomewhat 

 white fubHance, fitiialcd in the cavity'of tlic (l<ull, and cor- 

 refponding in form to that cavity. Its parts art fupported 

 by a firm membrane, called the dara mattr, and its fub- 

 ftance is immediately inverted by a more delicate mcm.brane, 

 named the pia mater. The Greeks termed thefe mem- 

 branes fimply meninges, wliild the Latin writers gave them 

 the name of matres, from the fuppoiTtion, that tiiey were 

 the origins of the other membranes of the body. We {hall 

 firft dtlcribc the dilfetfion of the brain ; which will compre- 

 hend an account of its membranes, of its general divifions, 

 and of the appearances found in the interior of the organ. 



It may not be improper to premife a few general obfer- 

 vations. The llrufture of the brain is remarkably conftant 

 and uniform, very feldom deviating from the accullomed 

 ftandard. \ aneties in formation occur not unfreqnenlly iii 

 molt other parts of the body ; but the parts of the brain 

 prefcrve an almoft invariable rthition of form, pofition, 

 magnitude, and connection, which feems to prove, that the 

 right performance of the fundiions of this organ requires 

 an exadtnefs in the ftruclure of individual parts. The brain 

 is fymmetrical ; all its parts are double ; even thofe which 

 being fituated in the middle, appear on fupcrficial examina- 

 tion to be fingle, will be found, by ir.orc attentive invelli- 

 gatiou, to coiifill of two fymuietncal portions, e. g. the 

 corpus callorum feptum luridum and medulla fpinalis. The 

 weight of the brain, according to Soemmerring, varies from 

 2lb Sh °^* to jib 3f oz. (l)e corpus humani fabriea, torn, 

 iv. j 23.) Out of two I'.undrcd iirains which he has examined* 

 none weighed four pounds, whereas lialler Hates its weight 

 generally at five pounds. This error muft' of coiirfe aftedt 

 the account, which th.at author gives, of the proportion 

 between the weight of the brain, and that of the body. 

 The weight of the brain, compared with that of the body, 

 is in an inverfe ratio to the age of the fubjcft. It is fofc 

 and almoll iluid in young ful.ijeits, becomes of a more folid 

 confillence with inereafiug age, and is firmell: in old perfons. 



D'lJfeS'wn of the Lfcdn. An incilion fliould be made from 

 ear to ear through the fcalp, which is to be redccted from 

 the cranium forwards and batkuaids. The cranium is next 

 to be fawn through in a circular manner, as low down as 

 convenient. 



In lifting off the top of the flcuU, it is torn from the dura 

 mater, which is clofely connefttd to it by vell'els and cellular 

 fubftance. The dura mater may be, therefore, regarded as 

 the periolleum of the internal table of the flr'.:;l, as well as 

 the inembrane which invclls and fupports (':: brain. The 

 iurface of the membrane is covered with lloody points, 

 which are the orifices of the torn vefl'eli that coiincclcd the 

 dura mater to the inner table of tlie bone. Thefe are more 

 inm-.erous in the coiirfe of the futures than elfewhere, but 

 abundant in every part. This is manifell from the pore* 

 oblervable in the internal table of the ilcull ; and there cai! 

 be no doubt but that more blood is fcnt into the boot for 

 Cc it< 



