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to thefe two places ; but fioce thnt period each has been fe- 

 parately rcprefeiiteJ, and each governed by its refpeflive 

 charter. Tliis boronji'h is the joint property of two perfons, 

 ■who, in tl:e year 17S6, llroiigly oppofcd each otlicr, for the 

 cxclufive power of poireffiiig the whole. In this Ihiiggle, 

 it i3 Hated on authenticated authority, that a tenant of one 

 of the poor cottages h id the fortitude and integrity to retift 

 the prefent of loooh which was ufFeved for hi'j vote. Here 

 is neither niarl.et nor fair, and its wliole population only 

 amounts toninety-one perfons. It is 5 i iiiilcs.l'outh from Lou- 

 don. Hillory of the Boroughs of Great Britain, Svo. vol. iii. 



BRAMBLE, in Bolany, the common Englilh name for 

 the black-berry and dew-berry bufhes, Ilubus fruticofus and 

 ca;lias. 



Bramble, Bramhlhtg, riramlli-Jinch, in Ormthdog\, See 

 Ts.ifioii.LA monlij'i-ingfil/a. Brambltng, greater. SeeFRiN- 

 Gii.LA lapponka. Ray calls the tawny hanirng, Euibci-i'za 

 tmijhit'ma, the brambiing or fca lark. 



B R .\ M B L E -^(j.'/f, in Entomology. See Galls of ihe Brain- 

 lie. 



BRAMBLn-7(c/, otherwife called haU'ur, is a net ufed by 

 bird catchers, of fevtral (i/.es. 



BRi\ME, Martin Brame of Sonnerat, in Ornilhuhgy, 

 Turihu pngoilarnm, the pagoda thrufh. 



BRAMER, Leonard, in Biography, a Flemifli hiftori- 

 cal painter, was born at Delft in ijyO, and acquired the art 

 of painting in the fchool of Rembrandt, whofe manner in 

 fmall he imitated. At the age of 18 years, he went to 

 Rome fur further improvement, but could never wholly di- 

 veil himfelf of the Flemini gout. With a tine tafte of de- 

 fign he combined an expreffion generally good, and occa- 

 fionally noble. His pencil is delicate, and his colouring very 

 peculiar in the tints, and bv great ikill in the management 

 of the chiaro-fcuro, light, bold, and full of luftre, particu- 

 larly in the vafes, which he vvas fond of introducing, and to 

 which he gave a rich and tine relievo. To his pictures 

 he was accuftomcd to give a great degree of traniparence, by 

 painting with a very thin body of colour, efpecially in the 

 brown and fhadowy parts. His name was famous, not only at 

 Rome, but in feveral other cities of Italy, and his works, 

 out of Italy, arc fcarce ; but when they occur in an un- 

 damaged Hate, they fetch high prices. Among his moll 

 capital piiftures are the " Railing of Lazarus," exhibiting 

 a charming contrail of light and (hadow ; his " Denial of 

 St. Peter;" both executed in his bell manner, and pre- 

 ferved at Rome ; and, particularly, a fmall pifture on 

 copper, reprcfenting the " Story of Pyramus and Thifbe." 

 Pilkington. 



B RAM I A, in Botany. Rheede, Hort. Malab. torn. x. 

 tab. 14. Clals, diilynamia angiofpermla. Gen. Char. Cal. 

 five-leaved, rather unequal. Stamens, four, two longer. 

 P'lft. ftyle filiform ; lligma fimple ; germ fuperior. P,-ri- 

 carp, capfule conical, one-celled. Seeds, numerous, attached 

 to a linear, central receptacle. 



There is only one known fpecies. Stems, cyliiidric, ten- 

 der. Leaves, oppoiite, oblong, obtufe, fucculent. Floiuers, 

 axiiiaiy, fingle, blue. It is a native of moill fituations in the 

 Eaft Indies. 



BRAMHA-LL, Johm, in Biography, an eminent pre- 

 late of Ireland, was born at Pontefradl in Yorklliire, about 

 the year 159.J, and admitted into Sidney college in Cam- 

 bridge, in 1608, where L: took his degree of B. A. in i6i2, 

 and that of M. A. in 1616. Having taken orders, he was 

 preferred to a living in the city of York; then to the rec- 

 tory of Elvington in the fame county, and afterwards to 

 the prebends of York and Rippon. In thefe feveral fitua- 

 tions he engaged fuch a degree of efteem and confidence, 



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both by liis abilities as a preacher and by his genera! conduft, 

 that he had very confidcrable influence in all public tranf- 

 aftions. As one of his mnieftyV. high c^mmifTiouers, to 

 which office he vvas appointed, he was very afTuhious, and, 

 as fome have faid, fevere in the difchargc of his duty. In 

 1025 he took his degree of B. D. an'd in i6iO that of 

 D.p. on which latter occafion the fubjrcl of his Latin' 

 thefis was " The Pope is the Author, or Maintainer of all, 

 or at leall, of the chief ConlroverfRS in the Chriftian world," 

 ni the lupport of which he difplaytd great learning. Soon 

 after he was invited to Ireland 'by lord Wentworth, deputy 

 of that kingdom, and fir Chiiftoplier Wanderford, mailer of 

 the rolla ; and in i6,3.j, having refigned all his Englifli pre- 

 ferments, he removed into that country. Erom the arch- 

 deaconry of Meath, whicb was his firft preferment, he was 

 advanced in the following year to tlie bilhopric of London- 

 dery. In thefe llations of dignity and influence he was 

 eminently aflive and ufeful in pafling feveral important adla 

 m the parliament of 16J4, in reforming the dodrine and 

 difeiphne of the church, and in the improvement of its re- 

 venues. In purfuance of the tirll of thefe mcafures he abo- 

 IKhed the fee-farms that were charged on the lands of the 

 church ; in accomplKhing the fecond, it was his objeft to 

 elFeft a more entire union between the churches of Ireland 

 and of England, and for this purpofe he obtained a canon 

 in the convocation, holden at that time, which expreffed an 

 approbation of the ;,q articles of the EngiiOi church, and 

 which denounced excommunication againil thofe who affirm- 

 ed, that " any of them are in any part fuperilitious or erro- 

 neous ;" and with a view to the improvement of the revenues 

 of the church, he adopted various means, which, in the 

 fpace of four years, gained an accefTion to them, of 30 or 

 40,0001. a year. In the condutl and execution of thefe 

 meafures, however, he excited much oppolition and obloquy, 

 and he incurred the charge of being inclined to popery and 

 arminianifm. In March 1(^40-41, ai tides of high-treafon 

 were exhibited by the houfe of commons to the houi'c of 

 lords in Ireland againil him, and feveral of the minillers of 

 ftate, in which they were charged with a confpiracy for fub- 

 vcrting the fundamental laws of the kingdom, and for in. 

 troducing an arbitrary and tyrannical form of government. 

 Inftead of fecuring himfelf by flight, agreeably to the advice 

 of his friends, he determined to repair to Dublin, and to 

 appear before his enemies in the parliament houfe, w-here 

 he was arrefted, and from thence conveyed to prifon. After 

 a rigorous examination, in the courfe of which he cleared 

 himtelf from all ftlfifh and finiller views in recovering the 

 patrimony of the church ; and when his accufcrs were pro- 

 ceeding to fix upon him the charge of fubvcrting the laws of 

 his country, he obtained, by the interpofitioa of the primate 

 Ufher, then in England, a letter from the king to Hop the 

 profecution of the fuit. Accordingly he was fet at liberty, 

 though not publicly acquitted. Finding it unfafe to refide 

 at Londonderry, he removed to England ; and fettled in 

 Yorklliire, where, by his influence and adivity, he did great 

 fervice to the royal caufe ; but, after the battle of Marllon- 

 moor, when the king's affairs became defperate, he em- 

 barked with feveral perfi,ns of diftinclion for Hamburgh, in 

 1644; and from thence he went to Bruflcls, where he 

 molUy rtfided, and exercifed his minillry till the year 1648. 

 In that year he vifited Ireland, but was foon obliged to 

 withdraw again to the continent ; and he remained abroad 

 until the reHoration. Upon this event he was rccompenfed 

 for his loyalty, by being tranllated, in January 1660, to the 

 archbilhopric of Armagh, the piimacy and metropolitan fee 

 of Ireland. Soon after his promotionhe vifited his diocefe, 

 and by prudence, moderation, and firmncfs, allayed the dif- 



coutcuts 



