BRA 



Frederic William, riiriiaitied the Cieat, born at Rorlin in 

 1620. and educated in the camp of Frederic Hciirv, piiiice 

 of Oraii;,'e. When he came to the poveniment. lie toonJ 

 a dcfolated country in pon'>;ni-.n of hij enemies, allies in 

 whom he could repofc tio confidence, few troops, and almoll 

 no rcfonrccs of lupplies. Ne^'erthcitfs, he compelled the 

 king of I'oland, in 16^6, to declare Pruflia an independent 

 Hate, which had been formerly held of the I'olilh fovereigns : 

 and doling a rei^tn, which has been much celebrated, was 

 fueceeded, in 168S, by Itis fon Frederic III. born at Koni^jf- 

 borg, in 16;;, who, fupporting the emperor in the eoiited 

 for the Spaiulh fucceifioii, was by him aeknowledTtd as 

 kin<j of I'rulTia, in 1700, and in the following vear crowned 

 bv- the emperor at hu native place. This eledor has been 

 ulually dillingmlhed by the title of Frederic I. He died 

 m ijr ; i when his fon Frederic Wiilian [I. afcended the 

 throne. By him the city of Potfd:nn was founded in 17^1; 

 but he was cliiefly dilUnguilhcd as the father of that great 

 prmce Fre-deric II. who afcended the throne in 1740, and 

 died m 1786, aha- a long and glorious reii,'n ; the mod' 

 memorable and permtuicnt event of which was the acquifi- 

 tiou of Silcfia from the houfc of Aullria, in 1742. The 

 fliort reign of his nephew is well known ; during which the 

 fadurc of the Prunian tadics in France and Poland, con- 

 vinced Europe, that the great Frcdoic had been the foul 

 uf the machine. However, thefe checks were counter- 

 balanced by the completion of the Pruffian acquifitions in 

 Poland. Of the reign of his fon, the prefent monarch, it 

 IS InlFicient now to lay, that it has been marked by caution 

 and prudence more than by cnterpnfe. See Prussia. 



Thccleclor of Brandenburg podcffcs the feventh place 

 among the ele-aors of the empire ; and in the council of the 

 prmces of the empire he has five voices. As arch-chain- 

 berlain, he carncs the fceptre before the emperor at his coro- 

 nation, and brings him water to wa(h with in a filver bafon 

 For the government of Brandenburg, and the adminilbation 

 ot (iiltice, there are feveral fupreme colleges and tribunals. 



Bkandenburc, an ancient city of Germany, in the 

 cirde of Upper vSaxony, and the marquifate to which it 

 gives name ; featcd on the Havel, which feparates the old 

 town from the new, and the calUe from both, and likeivife 

 environs the new town to the left with a particular trench, 

 on which a nuice has been ercded. Both thefe towns 

 have ever fince the year 1714, been under the government 

 of the fame magrftrates ; and each of them contains two 

 churches ; the number of inhabitants does not exceed Cooo 

 U was ereded into an epifcopal fee by the emperor Otho I 

 W ^■^H-' „ " ''"■' '^"' "'^^ aboliflied at the reformation, in i r6 ^ ' 

 Manufaaures of cloth, fuftian, and canvas have been eilab- 

 l.fhed in this place by the French Cidvinifts ; and the navi^ra- 

 tion of the Havel affords it a confiderable trade. The fort 

 appears hke a fuburb, and contains, befides the cathedral 

 church and rcfidcnces for the members of the cathedral, a 

 riditig Ichool for the inrtrudion of voung noblemen. The 

 memoers of the chapter, which llill fubfills, and which is 

 compofed of a Lutheran provoll, dean, fenior, fub-fenior, 

 and three- other canons, are diftingui/hed by a'crofs of Kold, 

 enamelled with violet, and terminating in eight points : a, 

 honour conferred by Frederic II. in fyjy. 1„ the vicinity 

 .s a mountain, on which Henry I. i„ <^,S, ereded a church 

 in honour of the Vi,-g,n Mary, from which time the moun- 

 tain had the name of " Marienberg." The church has been 

 cleltroyed and its fite planted with vines. Near the old town 

 " .^ '"'.=;•■; ^^l?"" t^;'" German miles long. Brandenburg is ^ i 

 miles W. from Berlin. N. lat. ^.-"2^'. E. lon<r ^ o 



Brandenburg, New, a town of Germany, in the circle 

 01 Lower baxony, and ducliy of Mecklenburg, feated ou 



BRA 



a final! rivulet, which lofes itfelf in a neighbourin<y lake. 

 The town is flourilhing, and has two churches, a gramniar'. 

 fehool, and a fupeiintendency. Hjps are much cultivated 

 111 Its environs; 48 miles AV. of Stettin, and 60 N. of Berlin 



Brandlnburc;, a town of Pniffia, in the province of 

 Natangen, near the Frifche-Haff, chiefly hiiiabitcd br 

 nnu'i-nien ; 13 miles S. W. of Konigfberg. 

 _ BRANDERI, m Euiomologv, a Ypecies of Cimex. that 

 inhabits Barbary, the fnout of which is bent ; thorax Voine- 

 what fix-fpined ; wing-cafts with three white dots. Gni-f 

 — Obf. This is of the middle fine, grifeous beneath, tella-' 

 ceous, and has the antenna rufous. 



BRAN'DERIANA, afpeciesof Phal^na, (Tortnr) 

 deicribed by Linnsus in Fn. Suiic. The firll wi„crs ai4 



BRAM)ERIM ,n Ga^n<^,.:y,, a town of France, i,x 

 the department of Morbihan ; i league E. of Hennebon 1 



BRANDEUM, in EccJ^ofika! IV^^ers, ^\^tc^ 

 or veil put over the tombs of t.he apollles St. Peter and St 

 i aul, and left there for fome time : by which it is f,m- 

 pofed to acquire a degree of fandity, fo as to be worfliipped 

 as a relic ; and for that purpofe frequently fent by the pone 

 as a prefent to fome prince. In this fenfe, branJeu.n amouil^s 

 to the fame with what was otiierwife c^Wcd fanSua Hum 

 fuJanum, oranum, and velum. The nfe of braudea was in' 

 troduced as a means of di.Tuf.ng and propagating the virtues 

 and influences of relics, without moving or zn^y^y U<,r,Jr 

 ing the fubftance of them , the tranfiatfon of Ve c i IX 



tk. t.'"i ;t ^''"" ^•^■^- '5- »-Cange; Gli! 



r, ^^^v T?^^'^?' ■> (^'"''^^"^"^^y' ti« name given by Clu- 

 £v " Lhn '° ''"^ "'^''"''^ "'■ ''"^'■°"S^ '-^^' -- '- 

 BRANDGUTH, in G..,r^iy, , ,,^, j„ Germany, 

 l' ^'^.^'^"f Upper Saxony, and country of Erz<.S 

 4mil«5N.E. of Lauterftein. '' ^"■^^^^S> 



^^BRANDHIRSCH, in Z..%. See CHavt;s hipp^.a. 



ofhif?-,'^?^'^^' ^'^"'"T,'- '" ^^'S>-aph, an Italian painter 

 othiltory, was born at Po , about ^o miI-<: f,v.-„ I? ^ ^^^ 



pZ, and lira iuftruded by Algl'dr d ft^riSr b" 



n? that o'f^tTr^^ "' 'r "' P' '-^""^ °' -"^'' -? efj : 

 o der of ^li K^TV "■''° "'^"-'^ him a knight of the 



he had a lively ^eniuVai dTe , , ''\^";-^"l''="". although 

 corred nnrl t,,-." T ^^ee p.ncil, he was often very m- 



low company, diffinatinir kC Tl r , P'^^^U''^ m 



wealth which hi SL J P'.^'^f'" V"'^ ?'"'""'•« 'l^e 



His works are efl;f?ome'v ^\Vf"'^ "" '^^^• 



The dau.rhter of tl n-,; ; ' °'^ M.Ian, and Gxta. 



Rofa da T, o i, of wifom r ■"'' '"''''^'^ ^° ^''^ "^^^-^^^ 



nion, becaufei;:.,S,,;iZi?b«:r '^p'^h"' ^ ""'^ "P"" 

 behaviour Rofa wis fo inl r ^ , Cy this conteinptuoua 

 nl„tl,„ !,.,„.,.■_■'', .'''. \"«"f';d, that he collededallthe 



clothes belongiu. ; hi bnde"', I ''^'' ''^ ^""^^^"^rf ^H the 



and fent them bSck ^S Iher witTr'"'?-'''" '^''^'' 

 daughter's perfon was fnrn 1 > "'^"'^^S^. " tliat his 



happy ; and^hatTg^od^aSr^: ^^ "",'f 1"^ '^"^-^ 



-Ms a bad paiLr t^ J^^X^r Sng^::"-- 



JiRAND. 



