I 



BRA 



BRANDINGm the face or hand, fknotes a pvini(Timcnt in- 

 fliaed by law on various offences, by burning with a hot non, 

 after the offender has been once admitted to benefit of clergy. 

 By 4- ilen. VII. c. 13. a dilHnftion was ellabhflied be- 

 tween mtre lay fcholars, and clerks in orders, by direfling, 

 that alfo laymen, who are allowed the priviloRe- of clergv, 

 ftould be burnt with a hot iron in the brawn oi the lelt 

 tbu" b This dillinaion, however, was abolidied lor a time 

 bv ^8 Hen. VIII. c. l. and 32 Hen. Vfll. c. 3. but it 13 

 held to have been viruially relioredby I T.dward VI. c. 12. 

 After thii burning;, the laitv, and before it the clergy, were 

 riifchareed from the fentence of the law i., the king's courts, 

 and delivered over to the ordinary to be d-mk with according 

 to the ccclefia'Ucal canons. But the trial m the ecclehaU 

 tical courts, and confcquent purgation, were attended with 

 fuch •perjuries and abufes, that the ftatate 18 Elr/,. c. 7. 

 e-iafts that after the ofltnder has been allowed his clergy, 

 he' Ihall not be delivered to the ordinary ; but, upon inch 

 allowance and burning in the hand, he Qiall forthwith be 

 enlar-red and delivered out of prlfon ; with provifo, that the 

 iud^Tc may, if he thinks fit, continue the offender in gaol 

 ior^any time not exceeding a year. Thus the law continued 

 for above a century; e-xcept only that the_ ftatute 21 

 Tac i c 6 allowed, that women conviciled ot iimple lar- 

 cenies'iin'der the value of 10s. ftonld be burned in the hand, 

 and whipped, flocked, or imprifoned for any time not ex- 

 reedino-avear. And a fimilar indulgence by the ftatutes 

 '■, & 4 V ' & M. c. 9. and 4 & -5 W. & M. c. 24. was ex- 

 tended to'vvomen guilty of any clergyable felony w'hatfoever, 

 who were allowed to claim the benefit of the flatute, m 

 like manneras men might claim the beneht.of clergy, and to 

 be difcharged, upon being burned in the hand, and in-pn- 

 foned for any time not exceeding a year. T^ie punilhmei.t 

 of burning in the hand, being found ineffedual, was alio 

 chaiio-ed by ftatute 10 & 11 W. III. c. 23. into burning 

 in th? moll vifible part of the left cheek, nearell the nofe ; 

 but this provifion was repealed by ftfltute 5 Ann. c. 6. It 

 was farther enafted by the fame ftatnte, that when any 

 perfon is conviSed of any theft or larceny, and br>rnt in , 

 the hand for the fame according to the ancient law, he ihaU 

 alfo, at the difcretion of the judge, be committed to the 

 houfe of correclion or public work-houfe, to be there kept 

 to hard labour for any time not lefs than fix months, and 

 not exceeding two years ; with a power of inMt.ng a 

 double confinement in cafe of the party's efcape from the 

 firft. It was alfo enadedby 4 Geo. I. c. 11. and 6 Geo 1. 

 c 7.i that when any perfons (hall be convifted of any lar- 

 ceny, either grand or petit, or any felonious Ilea ing or 

 taking of money or goo^s and chattels either from the per- 

 fon or the houfe of any other, or in any other_ manner, and 

 who by the law fliall be entitled to the benefit of clergy, 

 and liable onlv to the penalties of bnrnmg in the hand or 

 whipping, the court, in their difcretion, inftead of fuch 

 bnrningin the hand, or whipping, may dired fuch offenders 

 to be tranfported to America, (or, by ftatute 19 Geo. Hi. 

 c 74. to any other part beyond the feas) for fevt-n years. 

 See Tr AN s PORT AT ION . It is alfo enafted by the fame fta- 

 tute, K) Geo. III. c. 74. that, inftead of burmng in the 

 hand, the court in all clergyable felonies may impofe a pecu- 

 niary fine, or (except in the cafe of manflaughter,) may 

 order the offender to be once or oftener, but not more than 

 thrice, either pubUcly or privately whipped : which fine or 

 whipping ftiaU have the fame confequences, as burning m the 

 hand ; and the offender, fo fined or whipped, ftiall be equally 

 liable to a fubfeqivent detainer or impnfonment. bee hencfit 



"■^BRANDTS, in Geograf^y, a town of Germany, in the 



BRA 



circle of Upper Saxony, and territory of Leipfick ; 9 miles 

 E. of Leipfick. 



BRANDLECHT, a town of Germany, in the circle of 

 Weilpluilia, and county of Benlheim ; 3 miles S. S. E. of 

 Northoru. 



BRANDMULLER, Gufcory, in ^i^i^r^Mv, a pain- 

 ter referred by the Germans to the firll rank of artifts, waa 

 born at Bade in i(56i ; and, in coiifequeiice of having dif- 

 covered a genius for his art, and of having acquired a know- 

 ledge of defign by ftudying and copying fome good prints 

 in iiis father's pod'effiou, he was placed under the tuition of 

 Cafpar Meyer. From Bafle lie removed to Paris, and was 

 admitted into the fchool of Le Brun, whofe efteem and 

 preference he acquired by his proficiency in his profeffion 

 to fuch a degree, that he became the objeft of jealoufy to 

 others, and v,'as under a ncccflity of retiring into his own 

 country ; having firft obtained the prize in the Royal Aca- 

 demy at Paris. He excelled in liiftory and portrait ; and 

 refembled Le Brun in the fire, elevation, and grandeur of 

 his fubjtfts. His defign is correft ; his expreffion juft and 

 animated ; and his method of colouring good, fo that it re- 

 tained its original ftrength and beauty without fa,ling. He 

 died in 1691. Pilkington. 



BRANDO, in Geography, a fmall ifland in the gulph of 

 Bothnia, containing 6 or 7 villages, a church, fome arable 

 land, and fmall woods. 



Bkando, a town in the ifland of Corfica, 6 miles N. of 

 Ballia. 



BRANDOLINI, Aurf.lio, \n. Biography, an eminent 

 Italian poet, divine, and polite writer, was born of a noble 

 family at Florence in the I'Jth century, and furnamed 

 " Lippus," on account of a defluxion from his eyes, which, 

 at an early age, had nearly deprived him of his fight. Not- 

 withftanding this misfortune, he acquired great eminence 

 in various kinds of literature ; and he found in thefe, fources 

 of confolation, amidft the affliftions occafioncd by a dcfc£l 

 of fight, and the lofs of his fortune. Among other excel- 

 lencies for which hc-was diftinguiflied, he was fingularly 

 ready in his poetic compofitions ; and this talent he poi- 

 feffed in fo eminent a degree, that he is faid to have put into 

 very elegant verfe, without premeditation, all the topics of 

 Pliny's 37 books of Natural Hiftory. Corvinns, king of 

 Hungary, hearing of his fame, invited him to his court ; 

 and employed him, for feveral years, in teaching rhetoric at 

 Buda and Gran. After the death of that king, in 1490, he 

 returned to Florence, and affumed the habit of the friars of 

 St. Au'Tuftin. In this new profeffion, he applied affidu- 

 oufly to the exer.cife of his miniftry, and preached, with 

 g;reat applaufe, to crowded auditories in feveral parts of 

 Italy. As to the charafter of his fermons, it is faid, that 

 they were diftinguiflied, not only by ingenious illuftrations 

 of the Scriptures, but alfo by a ftrain of fnblime philofophy 

 derived from the ancients. After refidlng for fome time at 

 Naples, where he had for his fcholar Giammaria del Monte, 

 afterwards pope Juhus III., he fettled at Rome, and died 

 there of the plague in 1498. The moll valuable of his nu- 

 merous works were his 3 books, " De Katione Scribendi," 

 containing the precepts of good writing, and written with 

 fingular learning and elegance ; his two books, entitled 

 " Chrittiana Paradoxa," firft printed at Bafil in 1543, Bvo ; 

 " De Humana; Vitx Conditionc, et toUenda Corporum 

 ^gritudine." Thefe, with fome others, were printed at 

 Bafil in 1498. He alfo pnblifiied, in heroic verfe, the hif- 

 tories of the O. and N. T., a commentaiy on St. Paul's 

 epiftlcs, a treatife " De Lege," fome orations, and fome 

 Latin and Italian poems : and left, feveral treatifes in MS. 

 on political and hiftorical fubjrfts. Tirabofchi. Gen. Dift. 



BRAN. 



