BRA 



dance, inclining to crimfon, and fubfiJing n.iwJy. Tl>« 

 fiipcniitaiit liquor alio retains the original coUsiK" of the d«- 

 CoAioii, but a furtiicr crimfon precipii.itf is yifUUd on add- 

 inj» alkili enough to dccompofc the ahim in fohition. In 

 this wav, a fine crimfon Lake and Carmine are Jomctixes 

 prepared, which therefore confilt of aluinine, united inti- 

 matctv with the natural co'.ourof the wood, a litlh- licight<r.<;d. 



Nitro-muriat of tin, added to the dccoftion, feparates the 

 whole of the colouring mall.'r, which falls down in great 

 abundance, united with the oxyd of tin, and the liqnor re- 

 mains colourlcfa. Even whe;i the dccoftion has firll been 

 made yellow by an acid, as above-mentioned, the iolntion 

 firll reilores the original colour, and then precipitates it, as 

 witli the fimple dtcoftion. 



The folmions of iron blacken brafil wood, (hewing the 

 ore fence of gallic acid. 



Many of t!\e other metallic foUitions aft fimilarly to that 

 of tin, forming a precipitate of the metallic oxyd wiih the 

 colouring matter. 



The Colour of Brafil wood, though very beautiful, is fugi- 

 tive, and has tlie additional difadvantage of beijip; readily 

 darkened and rciidered'purple by alkaUes, and therefore by 

 foap. The colour is made permanent by acidi, but is 

 then changed to the fhadts of yeliow ; but it is peculiarly di- 

 flingnilhed from kcrmes and madder, by having the or:gi;ial 

 crimfon reflored by folutions of tin, after being altered by 

 acids. Accordingly, the bell praftical dyers have employed 

 acids and tin in their attempts to fix this beautiful colour. 

 For further particulars as to its ufe, fee the article Dyeing. 



lilRASILIA, in Ornu/jo'ogy, a fpecies of Takagra, of a 

 fcarlct colour, havini; the wings and tail black. Gniel. In- 

 habits Brafil, and other parts of South America. Tlie fy- 

 tiorvmous names under which this beautiful bird isdefcribed 

 bv diflerent authors arc numerous ; it is called Cardinal by 

 Buffon, CarJiiialis, Bridon. Merula brafilica, &c. Aldr. 

 Tyc piranga, Marcgr. Chiltotl, Hern. Mex, &c. Latham 

 names it the Bralilian Tanager. Its fize is that of the com- 

 mon fparrow. It is conjectured, that Cardiiialis nojvius, 

 and Caidinalis tovquatus of Briffon, are varieties of the firft- 

 mentioned fpecies. 



BR.'VSILIANA, in Conchohgy, a fpecies of Vekus, that 

 inhabits the fhores of Brafil. The (hell is lentifonn, of a 

 yellowilh brown colour, with thin tranfverfe dillaiit ilrise ; 

 anlerior depr-.ffion, broad and blueilli ; polltrior one of the 

 fame colour, and hcart-fhaped. Bonan. 



Brasiliasa, in Ornilho/o^y, a fpecies of Strix, the 

 Bralilian owl of Latham. The body above is pa!.' and fer- 

 ruginous, brown fpottcd with white : beneath white, with 

 ferruginous brown fpots. Gmcl. Ilils is of the ilze of a 

 ihrufh : bill, iiides, and the feel (which are (hort) together 

 with the toes, ycllowilh. Called by Briifon Afio brafilienfis. 



Brasii.iana, a fpecies of Procellaria, the Brafilian 

 petrel of Latham, Pulfin de Brcfil of Buffiin ; and majague 

 of Ray. The colour is blackilh : throat yellow. 



Brasiliana, a fpecies of Certhia, dtfcribed by La-, 

 tham under the name of the black and violet creeper. The 

 colour is black, with the crown of the head golden green : 

 rump, chin and throat, violet : bread purple, inclininjf to 

 chefnut. Gmel. &c. Length of this bird 3' inches. This 

 is Lc Guit-guit noir et violet, of Buffon. Inhabits Brafil. 



BR.\SILIANORUM, in Enlomoh^y, a fpecies of A Pis, 

 that inhabits America. This kind is hairy, and blueifh 

 black : thiglis at the bafe black. Fabr. Obf. The beak 

 is conic, or rather fiibulate : eyes black ; antenna- above 

 fiifcous, beneath teflaceous : jaws black, and bideiitated : 

 thighs tellaceous, glabrous, and comprefftd : flianks, and 

 foles of the feet, wiih tellaceous pile. 



BRA 



BRASILIANUS, a fpecies of CERAMnvx, the thoraK 

 of which is fpinous and ferruginous : wing-cafes pointed, 

 teihiceons, with three little glabrous yellow lines. Fabr. 

 Inhabits Brafil. 



Brasiliakl's, a fpecies of 3carab;eus, found in the 

 diin"- of cattle in Brafil. The colour is deep black : Ihicld 

 of the head einarginate : wing-cafes llriated. 



Brasilianus, in Orn'itljo'.ogy, a fpecies of Capriyul- 

 Gus, of a black'fli colour, varied with fmall white fpots, and 

 yellow : beneath, varied with black and white. This bird 

 inhabita Br.-fil. The wings and tail are equal; area of the 

 eyes yelliw : bill and eyes black : Ids white. Brafilian 

 goat-fucker of Latham. 



BRASILL'VSTRUM, in Botany, falfe Brazil wood. 

 Aubl. Guian. PI. 390. Clafs, tlUiia. Gen. Char. Male 

 flowers tir.kiiown. Female flowers. ' Cal. villous without, 

 deeply divided into five pointed fegments. Carol, petals 

 five, lanceolate, a little longer than the calyx, /'//'/.germ. 

 fuperior, ovate, fmooth ; kyle none ; lligma two lobed, 

 pubefcent. Per'icarp, drupe, foft, pulpy, fiiapcd like an 

 olive, but rather fmal'.er, coral-red, flightly acid. 



Sp. r. 15. htrfutuvi, a flirub, from eight to ten feet high. 

 Stem (Iraitrht, near two inches in diameter, with a brovvnilh 

 grey bark, finely wrinkled. Branches alternate, growing 

 nc^' the i'ummit of the ftcm. Leaves in tufts, near a foot 

 and half long, pinnate with an odd one, on a pubefcent 

 reddifii petiole. Folioles from fifteen to nineteen, about 

 three inches long, on fliort petioles, oval-pointed, entire, or 

 (lightly angular, fmooth, green, and Ibining above, villous 

 at their ed^es. Flowers in terminal, branched racemes, very 

 fmall, of a dull red colour. It is a native of -St. Domingo, 

 Jamaica, and Guiana, and, like the true Brazil (CiEfalpinia) 

 is ufed for dyeing red, but does not produce fo fine a colour. 

 Aubret relates, that its leaves bruifed when fredi communi- 

 cate to cotton a green colour, which foon becomes violet. 

 It is faid by Plumici", that its Item, if wounded, yields a 

 cauftic juice, which fixes an almoft indelible fpot upon what- 

 ever part of the human body it happens to fall. Defcribed 

 by La Marck from a dried fpeeimen without flowers. 2, 

 V>. glnhruwy differs from the preceding in being Imallcr, lefs 

 proper to be ufed in dyeing, and in having its leaves per- 

 fedlly fmooth. It is a native of St. Domingo. A fiugle 

 f.-male plant has been cultivated in the royal garden at Pa> 

 ris. which flowered in the b<'g'!n',iing of November. 



BRASILIENSIS, \n Entomology, a fpecies of CiCADA, 

 [Membrads Fabr.) The thorax of this kind has two horns, 

 is fpotttd with white, and is produced behind beyond the 

 length of the abdomen. Inhabits Brafil. 



Brasiliensis, a fort of Gryllus {j-icheta), that inha- 

 bits Brafil. Its genera! colour is fufcous ; wings tailed and 

 longer than tl e elytra ; back pale ; tail afcendiiig, and, the 

 length of the body. Fabr. &c. 



Brasiliensis, in Ornithology, a fpecies of Falco, with, 

 yellow feet ; body rufous, varied with white and yellow 

 dots ; tail variegated with white and fufcous. Gmel. 



Willughby and Latham dcfcribe this under the name of 

 tlie Braliiian kite, being found in Brafil, where, wcare in- 

 formed, it is highly dellruftive to the domefiicatcd poultry. 

 It is as large as our common kite. The beak and claws are 

 long, very fiiarp, and black : eyes with the irides ycllowifh. 

 Buflon has defcribed it by the name idl caracara. The fame 

 bird is c'lrctis Lraj'ilicnfis of BrifTon. 



Brasiliensis, a fort of Psittacvs, or parrot, that is 

 finuid in Brafil. It is of the fize of a pigeon, of a green co- 

 lour, with the face red, the temples blue, and the orbits of 

 the eyes cinereous. Gmel. Whether it be diftiiid from 

 the lejcr green parrot of Edwards {jfittacus autiimnalis of La- 



thaiii). 



