BRA 



Solm?, with a cadle forlificJ iii the ancient manner j five 

 mik-5 tall of Wcl/.lar. 



lUlAUNSBERG, a form of PnifTn. in tlic »>iflKipric 

 of Enm-lHiia, fvRtcd on tin- Pafiaigc, which, st a little dif- 

 iiixnce, dillhit^cs itfilf iiit > tlie bay called Frilcho-haf. It 

 vas built ill the ytar 12 -j;, aiul dirives its name from I'nino, 

 Kifliop (if Prague. In H<^i, the inliabitaiits cxiKllcd the 

 Piilifh parrifoii, and afforded an afjhim to the hifl'op ot 

 I'.i mrtaiid, viio had declared for the knijrhf; of the Teuto- 

 nic order. It was formerly one of the Prufllaii great citi>.-3, 

 and fent reprefcutatlves to the feiiate or council ot iltite ; 

 Lut it is MOW under the jurifdidlion of the liilho'). It is 

 larjje and populous, aid cinies on a (rood iradc. Dfannf- 

 fc.rK is divided into the Old aud New Town ; .52 ir.iks S.W. 

 of Konigfhcrjr. N. lat. 54° ;o'. E. long. 20" :'■ 



BnAiiKrarRC, a town of Oermany, in the circle of 

 VVcftphalia, and county of AVicd Ruiikcl ; 4 miles N.E. 

 of New Wied. 



BRAUNSDORF, a town of Germany, in the circle of 

 tipper Saxony, and circle of Ei/gcberrr ; n miles N.E. of 



Freyberg. Alfo, a town of Germany, in the archduchy of 



Aullii.i ; 6 luilcs K. of Mcillau. 



BRAUNSf.I.EFEN. a town of Moravia, in thecircle of 

 Olmutz, 16 milf! N.N.E. of Olmutz. 



BRAl^NSWEIO, a town of Germany, in the circle of 

 Lower Saxonv, and duchy of HoUleiu, ferving as a favix- 

 biirg to Kiel, and one mile north from it. 



BRAVO, John, in Bkgrnphy, a native of Callik-, prac- 

 tifed medicine at Salamanca, the latter part of the i6th 

 century, with dillinguilhed reputation ; he was alfo pro- 

 feflbr in medicine there, and much reforted Irk and elleemed 

 by his pupils. His works are " De hydrophobic natura, 

 caufis, atque medcla," Salam. 157 1, Svo. ; " De faporam 

 et odorum differentii-', et caufis," i -8j, 8vo.; " De curandi 

 lationepcrmedicamentipnrgantis exhibltionem," 155S, Svo.; 

 " De fimplicium mcdicanientorum dcltftu," l59-> ^'o- 

 He alfo pubhfhed, agreeably to the fafhion of the times, 

 commentaries on the works of Galen and Hippocrates. 



Bravo, Johs, profeffor of medicine and furgery, in the 

 ur.iverfity of Coimbra, in Portugal, pukhflud in 1605 " I^^ 

 niedendis corporis malis per mannalem operationem," i2mo.; 

 " De capitis vulneribus," fol. 1610. He died in 1615. 



Bravo, Gasparu, of Aguilar del Campo, in Old Caf- 

 tile, phylician to Philip IV. and to the Inquilition, took 

 his degree of dodtor in medicine at ValladoHd, where he 

 taught medicine and furgery the middle of the 17th 

 century ; and was author of " Refohilii>num medicarum ciica 

 univerfam tolius philofophiae doclrinam," 1649, Lug- 

 duni, fol. 1" " Confultationes medicx, et tyrocintum prac- 

 ticum," Colonise, 1-671, 4to. ; " Op<-n;m medicinaliuni, 

 tomus tertiu^" Lugduni, '<574, fol. The author treats in 

 thefe volumes of ttic phyfiology and the pathology of fever ; 

 of the effefts of bleeding, puiging, and of fudorifics ; of the 

 ufe of the Peruvian bark, lately introduced into praftice, 

 which he commends : aud, amcwig his confnkations, he gives 

 an account of the difeafe and death of Philip IV. of Spain. 

 Haller. Bib. Med, 



Bravo Rio, called alfo Del Norte, or of the northern 

 ftar, the principal river of Spanifh North America, which, 

 »s f..f as its fources can be conjeftured, has a coiirfe of 

 about 1000 Britifti miles ; but its whole circuit probably 

 exceeds that of tl>e Danube. It difcharges itfelf into the 

 gulf of Mexico. N. lat. 35° 40'. E. long. 97° 30'. 



Bravo ! Ital. a word which needs no explanation. It is an 



Italian exclamation of applaufe, which all Euvope hasadopted. 



If, in a theatre, the Italians approve a mufical compofi- 



lion, and diflike the finger, though they hilj the performer, 



BRA 



ihcy .•>fterwan!s cry out iravo fiiire U mnejlro ; and on the 

 contrary, when they hifs the compofer, immediately af'cr 

 they diicriminate, if the linger is 11 favourite, and exclaim 

 bnrvo Marchcfc, or Iruva /.v Piiinti ; and if a cornp.ifer is A 

 plagiarill from the well-known works of a favourite autiior, 

 tl>e critics cvv out Ivik-o Pai/i-.llo ! or l/rat'O Chiuinjfa !' 



BR.AURbNI.V, in ytntlquily, a feaH held every fifth 

 vear in honour of l)iana. furnamed Braanmhi from Bniuroti, 

 a village near Achen?, where the famous llatue of that gorl- 

 defs, brought from .Sc\ lliia Taurica, was prefcrved till it 

 was taken av.ay by Xerxes. 



The ceremony of the Braoninia was ;iiaoagcd by ten mer>, 

 frona their oHice called 'IspcToi-.i ; the victim offered was a 

 ooat, and it was cnllomary for certain men to ling one of 

 floiner's Iliads duiing the fervicc ; other rainillcrs at the 

 folemnity were young virgins, from five to ten yetrs of age> 

 habited in yellow, and confecratcd to Diana, under the de- 

 nomination of Ajx.-.oi, i.e. bears, which they derived frorr. 

 this circumftancc. A bear, having becor.ie tanie and trac* 

 tabic, was admitted to eat and play with the Phlenida", the 

 inhabitants of a borough in Attica ; but a young maid being 

 too familiar with it, the bear tore her to pieces, and was af- 

 terwards killed by the brethren of the damfel. Hence a 

 fatal pellilence enfued, for ftayiag which an oracle advifed 

 them, in order to appcafe the anger of Diana, occafianed by 

 the dellruftion of tlie bear, to confecrate virgins to her in 

 memory of it. The Athenians obeyed the mandate of the 

 oracle, and enafted a law, that no virgin fhould be married 

 till file had undergone this ceremony. Potter. Arch. Grxc» 

 lib. ii. cap. 20. 



BRAVUM, in yfnnent Geography, a town of Spain,, 

 placed by Ptolemy in the Tarragonenfis, in the country of 

 the Murh iges. 



BRAVURA, Ital. is a mufical term, as ^ria S. Bra^ 

 I'-.ira, implies a ftyle of air, with wliich in modern times. 

 Mifs Davies IngleUrjt, the Gabriel, the Agujiari, Madame 

 Le Drun, Madame Mara, and ^!rs. Billiiigton, have made 

 us perfeftly acquainted. M. Ginguinc, in the EncycL 

 Meth. has defcribed and apologised tor execijtwa., with much 

 tafte and feeling. " We admire (fays he) the w-arbllng of 

 birds, in tones which we cannot appreciate or underftand % 

 the nightingale, blackbird, thrutli. canary bird, and lark, 

 charm us with their divifions ; the meafured intervals and 

 varied mek.dies exquifitely performed by fwect and flexibls 

 voices, fupporttd and enriched by harmony, may afford a 

 delight of a fuperior kind, in human tones, which can infi- 

 nuate themfclves into the ininoft receffes of the heart, to 

 which words can never [xnetrate, however impaJTioned, or 

 tuned by numbers." 



BRAUWEILER, in Geography, a prefefturate and 

 abbey of Germany, in the circk of the Lower Rhine, and 

 deflorate of Cologa ; 7 miles W.N.W. of Cologn. 



BRAUWER, or Brouwer, Adrian, in Biography, a 

 Flemifii painter of great eminence, w-as born of obfeure pa- 

 rents at Ondenarde, as fom.e fay, or, according to Hou- 

 braken, at Haerlem, in 1608, and obtained inlTruftion in 

 his art from Francis Hals for the profit of his labour. In 

 this fituation he manifelled fuch fuperior powers, that Hals 

 employed him in a garret apart from his other fcholars, af- 

 figning to him hard labour and a fcanty diet, and felling his 

 performances for high prices. From this ftate of dofe con- 

 finement and harfii treatment he eloped, and went to Ara« 

 fterdam, where his works were known and efteemed. Hav- 

 ing become matter of 100 ducatoons, which he received for 

 a fingle piece, he became frantic with joy, and fpent it at a 

 tavern in ten days. From this time his ufual abode was a 

 public houfe ; and he worked only when he was urged to 



it 



