BRA 



it by ncctiTity. As foon as lie had fiiii(hcd any ],kce, he 

 offered it for fale ; and if it did not produce a ilipulatcd 

 price, he burnt it, and began another with j^ri.ater cart. 

 Poircfilnjjj a vein of low liumour, and engaging, both 

 _ fober and drunk, in many droll adventures, he removed 

 from Amllcrdam to Antwerp, where he was arrcUcd as a 

 fpy, and committed to prifon. Thiscircnnidance introduced 

 hiin to an aci[u:untar,ce with the duke d'Arcmbcig, wlw, 

 liaving obferved his genius, by fomc Ihght ikctches drawn 

 with black lead while in cullody, requelttd llubciis to fur- 

 nilh him with materials for painting. Bronwer cliole tor 

 his fubjeift a group of ioldiers p'ayir'.g at cards in a corner of 

 the prifon ; and when the pidure was (inidied, the duke 

 himfclf was attonifhed, and R'.'.hei-.s, when iie ia-v it, imme- 

 diately proncnuced that it was the performance of bii'iuver, 

 and offered for it the fum of Coo guilders. The duke, 

 however, retained it, and gave the painter a much lai'^s^j- 

 fum. I'^pon this, Rubenj procured his relealt', and received 

 iiim into his c.wn lioule ; but, uninfiuenced by gratitude to 

 his benefaclor, he ftole away, and returned to tlic Iceues of 

 low debauch, to which he had been formerly accuftomcd. 

 Being reduced to the necefllty of flying from jullice, he 

 took refuge in France ; and, having wandered through fe- 

 vcral towns, he was at length conllraincd by indigence to 

 return to Antwerp, where he WRS taken ill, and obliged to 

 feek relief in a huipital ; and in this alylum of lelf-procurtd 

 poverty and dillreis he died m his ,j2d year. Rubens la- 

 mented his death, and procured for him an honourable iiiter- 

 liient in the church ot the Carmelites. 



Such were the talents of Brauwcr, that, in the courfe of 

 a difiipated life, he attained to diftinguilhcd excellence in the 

 ftyle of painting- wliich he adopted. His fuhjefts were 

 taken from low life, and copied after nature ; iuch as droll 

 convcrfations, iealls, taverns, drunken quarrels, boors play- 

 ing and difputiug at cards, or furgeons dreffing the wound- 

 ed. His expreilion, however, is fo lively and cliavaifteiiilic ; 

 the management of his colours fo furpri/.ing ; and truth was 

 united with exquifite higii finilhing, correilnefs of drawing, 

 and wonderful tranfparence, to Inch a degree, that his 

 paintings are more valuable, and atlord higher prices, than 

 many works of the moft eminent mafters. Some of his bell 

 works are found at Dulfeldorp. His dra\\ings are dilpcrled 

 in the various cabinets of Europe. Several of his defigns 

 have been engraved ; and we have fome few etchings by 

 himftlf of fubjedls ufually reprefented in his piclures, wliich 

 are iigned with the initials of his name, H. B. ; Adrian 

 being fpelled with an H.. Pilkington. Strutt. 



BRAUX, in Geography, a tawn of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Ardennes; 5 miles N. of Charlevillc. 



BRAWALLA. See Browalla. 



BRAWN, in the Ciilwary Art, fignifies the (ledi of a 

 boar, boned, roli.-d up, or tolhifcd, boiled, and lailly 

 pickled, for the winter's ufe. 



The method ofpreparlng it is as follows : —After the flefli 

 has been fprinkled with iait. and the bloi.d drained off, it 

 is to be falted a little, and rolled up as hard as poflible. In 

 this itate, it is to he boiled in a copper or large kettle till it 

 is fo tender as to admit of a Itraw's being 'uii through it ; 

 and then fet by thorougl'ly trt cool. When it is cold, it 

 is to be put into a pickle, prrparec^ bv adding to everv galiou 

 of water a handful or two of fill, and as much bran of 

 wheat ; boiling thefe ingredients together, and then draining 

 the bran as clear as poflible from the liquor. When the li- 

 quor is quite cold, the brawn is to be put into it. 



Brawn is made only of the flitches, without the legs ; 

 the oldeft boars are cholen for this ufe ; it being a rule, the 

 older the boar, the more horny the brawn. 



BRA 



There is alfo brawn of pig, which is made by fcuWirpr, 

 drawing, and boning the beall whole, except the head j 

 then cutting it in two collars, foakiiig it in brine, ftafon- 

 ing, rolhiig, putting it into a cloth, binding it up, boilinjj 

 it, and when boiled, hooping it up in a frame. 



I'lllAXl A, in J'eler'tnari Scinirr, a difcafe of fliccp, 

 which is dillributed into the dry, collivc, and watery hraxcy. 

 The dry braxcy feema to he co'.d and inflammation in the 

 bowels, owing to tlie taking in with the food fomc hoar- 

 froll, or to a change in the blood ari'.ing from the removal 

 of lilt animals from a poor to a rich keep. The coitivc braxcy 

 is merely the colic, from obltriided inteilii.e^. The watery 

 braxcy is fuppofed to be the " red water," as it urifcs from 

 the ulual caufe, and is attended with the fmiilar fymptom ot 

 fuppreffion of urine. In this latter cafe, inllead of ufing lur. 

 pentine and other ilroiig diuretics, the furell and fafetl courfi: 

 is to punfture the bladder, without wounding the guts, ant} 

 thus to draw oil lilt; uriue, afterwards cavoriiig and healing 

 the wound. 



BRA\, SIR Rkginai.d, in B'logrtiphy, an Englifli poli- 

 tician and inge-iious areiiiteft of the i ijth century, was the 

 fecond Ion of tir Richard Bray, one of the privy council to 

 ki:^g Heiiiy Yl., and dcfcended from an ancient family, 

 who accompaniui William the conqueror into Fngiand, and 

 flourifhed in the counties of Northampton and Warwick. 

 In the full year uf Riclir.id III., Reginald obtained a ge- 

 neral pardon, probably, on account of the part he had 

 taken from perlonal and hereditary attachment to Henry 

 VI.; and he was recommended as a peifoii of fobcr and 

 prinieut piilicy, to lliofe who favoured the advancement of 

 the tail of Riehnuind, allei wards king Henry V'll., to tlic 

 throne. In the fervice of this prince, both before and after 

 his accefhon, he was Heady and aclive ; and his zeal was re- 

 compenfed Ly a vaiiety of honourable appointments. He 

 was made a kniglu banneret, probably at the battle of Bof- 

 woi th, a knight of the bath at the king's coronation, and 

 afterwards a knight of the garter. He >vas alfo conilable 

 of the callle of Oakham in Riitlandfhire, joint chief jullice 

 with lord Fitzwalter of all the forells foutli of Trent, high 

 treafurer, chancellor of the duchy of I.ancaller, high fltw- 

 aid of the univerlity of Oxford, and a member of the privy 

 council. In the icth year of the king's reign, he had a 

 grant tor lile ot the ide of Wight at the annual rent (fays 

 Camden) of ;oo marks. He received many other marks 

 ot the royal bounty and favour ; and died Augull the 5tli 

 I J03, polfelfed of a very great cllate ; and his remains were 

 interred in the chapel at Windtor. Notwithllanding the 

 wealth he acquired, and the activity with which he offici- 

 ated as minilter during 17 years, under a fovereign, who 

 was fufpieious in his temper, and extorted large fums of 

 money from his fubjeCls, hillorians concur in giving him an 

 excellent characfer. They teprefeiit him as the father of 

 his country, a tage and grave perfon, a fervent lover of 

 jullice, and one who would often admonifli the king when 

 he did any thing contrary to jullice or equity. His piety 

 and charity were alto conlpicuous in the ulual exe^cll^.s ol 

 the times, in which he lived. 



Cf his ikill in architedlure, he gave fufTicient evidence, in 

 building the chapel of Hemy VII. in Wellminfter abbey, 

 i^hich was condncied under his diredlion, and in coinpleating 

 tlie chapel of St.Oeorge at W iiidfor, to which he was a libc- 

 ril beiufadlor. As he died without iffuc, he bequeathed the 

 bulk of his fortune to Edmund, the cidell Ion of his 

 voungcr brother John, who was fummoned to parliament 

 ill i5,;o, as baron of Eaton Bray ; and he alfo left coiifi- 

 derable eilates to Edward and Reginald, younger brothers 

 of Edmund. Froin Edward, the manor of Shirt Vachcry 



1 i i and 



