BREAD. 



lonVea, fliall not be allowed to be made or fold at the fnme 

 time in the fame place, under a penalty of forfeiting not 

 more than 40s. nor lefs than 2cs. at the plcafnre of the ma- 

 giftrate, upon convidlion of the otFender. After the affifc 

 has been fet, no alteration (luiU be made in it till the price 

 of corn alters 3d. a bunu-l. Officers appointed to make 

 returns, and offenders agaiiill the due execution of this aft, 

 fliall forfeit a fum not exceeding 5I. nor lefs than 20s. : and 

 dealers in corn refufing to difelofe the real prices of grain, 

 meal, or flour, publicly fold, or knowingly giving a falfe price, 

 fhall, on conviftion by confeffion, or the oatli of one witnefs, 

 forfeit not m ;re than lol. norlels than 40s. Bakers of bread 

 made of other grain befides wheat, according to order, are re- 

 quired to conform to the affife, on pain of forfeiting not more 

 than 5I. nor lefs than 40s. 



The llatutc ,36 Geo. III. c. 22. contains regulations for 

 makingmixtdbread, aiidenafts that perfonsin any place vvhat- 

 foever, whetheranvaffifcof brtadhas becnfet ornot, may make 

 and fell peck, hall-peck, quartern, and Iialf-quartern loaves, 

 made of the whole produce of wheat, deducting only r^\h. of 

 bran per bulhel ; or made of any fort of wlieaten flour mixed 

 with meal, or flour of barley, rye, oats, buck wheat, Indian 

 corn, peafe, beans, rice, or any other kinds of grain, or 

 potatoes, in fuch proportions and of fuch prices as the 

 maker or feller fliall deem reafonable. Every loaf of fuch 

 mixed bread fliall have upon it a mark. It is required by 

 31 Geo. II. c. 29. § 21. that the fcveral forts of bread 

 made for f;ile fliall be well made, and no alluni, or mixtuie 

 in which allnm is an ingredient, or any other ingredient or 

 mixture whatever, (except only the genuine meal or flour, 

 •which ought to be put therein, and common fait, pure 

 water, eggs, milk, yeaft, and barm, or fuch leaven as is 

 allowed by thofe who fet the aflife, or by any magiflrate or 

 juflice within his juriidiftion,) fliall be ufed in making any 

 dough or in tlve preparation of bread, on pain that the 

 offender (other than a fervant or journeyman), upon con- 

 viftion by confeffion, or the oath of one vvitnefi!, fliall forfeit 

 not more than lol. nor lefs than 40s. or be committed to 

 prifon or houfe of correftion for any time not exceeding one 

 calendar month, nor lefs than 10 days, at thepleafure of the 

 magiftrate. A fervant or journeyman, upon conviftion, fliall 

 forfeit not more than 5I. nor lefs than 20s. or be committed 

 to prifon as aforefaid. The magiftrate before whom fuch 

 offender has been convifted, may apply the money forfeited 

 for caufing the offender's name, place of abode, and offence, 

 to be pubhlhed in fome news-paper, printed or publiflied 

 near the place where the offence fhall have been committed. 

 The adulteration of meal, or knowingly expoflng it to fale, 

 incurs a forfeiture of not more than 5I. nor lefs than 40s. 

 If bread fold, or expoftd for fale, be deficient in weight 

 according to the affile, the offender, formerly liable to the 

 pillory, fhall now forfeit not more than 5s. nor lefs than is. 

 for every ounce wanting ; and for every defeft lefs than an 

 ounce, not more than 2s. 6d. nor lefs than 6d. fuch bread 

 being complained of, and weighed before a n.agiftrate within 

 34 hours after the fame fliall have been baked or expofed to 

 fale, within the bills of mortality, or within 3 days in any 

 other place. It has been obferved, that bread lofes weight 

 by keeping : fo Bartholine concludes from fome experiments 

 that the diminution was nearly one fouith in fix months. 

 Bakers are obliged under a penalty, not more thau 20s. nor 

 lefs than /Js. to mark their wheaten bread with a large 

 Roman W, and their houfehold bread with an H. No 

 perfon fliall fell bread for a greater price than that afcertaincd 

 by the affife, or refufe to led fuch btead at the ftipulated 

 price, under a penalty of forfeiting for every fuch offence 

 nuv more thau 40s. nor lefs than 10s. By 2 and 3 Edw. 



VI. c. 2^. if a Laker (liidl confpirc not to fell bixad but at 

 certain prices, every futli perfon fliall forfeit lol. for the 

 firit offence ; and if not paid within 6 days, lie fliall be 

 impnfoned 20 days, and have only bread and waiir foi hi,i 

 fulleiiance ; for the fei ond offence, 20I. or the pillory ; m d 

 for the third oflincc, 4 J. or the pillory, and lofs of an lar, 

 and bec<-miiig infaiiKuiy. Bread inferior to wluaten Ihall 

 not be fold for a higher price than houfehold bread, under a 

 penalty of 20.S. By 31 Geo. II. c. 2y. and 32 Geo. II. 

 c. iS. magillratcs may grant warranto for fearching lioufco, 

 in order to examine bread delieiLiit in weight, or uneoufor- 

 mablc in any refpeft to the flatute and aflife, and for 

 feizing the fame ; and alfo, upon information givoi on oath, 

 for fearching mills, and other places, where adnherated mi.al 

 isconcealed, andfor feizing the fame. Every miller, baker.cvc. 

 who has in his poffcffion unlawful ingredients for the purpofc 

 of adulterating meal or bread, fliall forfeit not m.orc than lol. 

 nor lefs than 40s. ; and out of the forfeiture may be publiflud 

 the name of the offender, his place of abode, and h's offence 

 in fome news-paper, printed or publiflied in or near the place 

 where the ofleiiee was coiumiltcd. Perfons obllrnfting tueli 

 fearch and fcizurc fti:;ll forfeit not more than jl. nor lefs than 

 20s. 



By a general cl.v.ife in the aft 31 Geo. II. c. 29. § 34. 

 all penalties and forfeitures, when recovered, flail be paid 

 to the informer ; and by 32 Geo. II. c. iS. one moitty of 

 fuch penalties as are not particularly difpofed of fliall be 

 given to him who fliall inform and profeeute ; and the other 

 moiety, together with all penalties and forfeitures incurred 

 in the weighing, trying, or ftizure of anv bread by any 

 magiflrate, fliall be applied, for the better execution of the 

 aft, according to the pleafure of the magilhate. Profecu- 

 tions under this aft are limited within 7 da) s after the com- 

 miffion of the offence, by 3; Geo. 111. c. ,,7. The flatute 

 3 Geo. III. e. II. contains certain regulations and provilions 

 in cafe no affife is fet. By 13 Geo. III. c. 62. a flandard 

 wheaten bread was ordered to be made of fuch flour as is the 



wholeproduc<of the gram, the bran or hull only excepted, and 

 to be marked S.W. This bread is made and lold,. though no 

 affife be fet, of the weight and in the proportions following : 

 viz. that every flandard wheaten peck loaf fliall weigh 1 71b. 

 60Z. avoirdupois ; every half-peck loaf Sib. iioz. and every 

 quartern loaf 41b. 5I0Z. ; a^de\ery peck loaf, half-peck loaf, 

 and quartern luaf ihall always be lold as to price in propor- 

 tion to each other rcfpeftively ; and that when wheaten and 

 houfehold bread, made as the law direfts, ihall be fold at the 

 fame time, together with this flandard wheat bread, they be 

 fold in proportion to each other as follows: viz. that the 

 fame weight of wheaten bread which cofls 8d. fliall of this 

 flandard wheaten bread cofl 7d. and the fame weight of 

 houfehold bread fliall coft Cd. ; or 7 flandard wheaten affiled 

 loaves (hall be equal in weight to S wheaten affifed loaves, 

 or to 6 houfehold afllfed loaves of the fame price, as nearly 

 as poffible. The magiftrates may, when they thnk proper, 

 fix the affifc of this flandard v beaten bread, according to 

 tables calculated for the purpofe. The bakers ar>d fcUers of 

 it fliall be liable to all the penalties of the former afts. See 

 the tables 39 and 40 Geo. III. c. 18. and c. 74. Barn's 

 Juflice, vol. i. and iv. 



Bread, Indian, or Cafava. See Jatroph a Manihot. 



Bread, .SV. John's. See Ceratonia Sihqua. 



Brfad, /iL'ine, pains pordniis, a denomination given to 

 trufi^es. 



Bread, fow's, a name applied to the herb cyclamen, 



Brkad-room, in a fliip, that which Is fet apart to hold 

 the bread. The boards of the bread-room fliould be jointed 

 and caulked, and alfo lined witlx tin plates, for the greater 



prefcrralioa 



