B R E 



prefcrvatiofi of the bread. It is alfo proper to warm it well 

 witti charcoal for fever::! day: btfore the bread is put into it, 

 liiice notbiii;j is more iiijiiiiuus to bread than moilhire. 

 n^EAD, fiull tree, in Botany. See Artocarpus. 

 H^FAn, Hul-tree. See Brosimum Alicastrum. 

 BRK.A.DALBANE, or Braidai-bis, in Geography, a 

 diilrcl of Pcrthl'hire, Scotland, including a traft of country 

 meufiiring about 32 miles from E. to W. and 13 in its 

 broadell part from N. to S. This mountainous country 

 forms part of the Grampian hills, and is fuppofcd to have 

 b^-cii anciently called Albania ; whence the Highlanders dill 

 denominate themfelvcs Albinich ; and the duke of York re- 

 ceives his title of Albany from this place. The name 

 Braid-Albainn, in the Gaelic tongue, fignilies the highcft 

 part, which corrcfponds witli this portion of country, as 

 fome vivei-s that take their rife iiere, run partly into tlie 

 cailern and partly into the welkrn oceans. Flax is the prin- 

 cipal article of cultivation. Some years back, when pre- 

 miums were ofl'cred for the greatcfl crops, from 80 to 120 

 hoglhtads of linfced were annually fovvn ; and each peck 

 yielded two Hones of dreflcd flax. Next to this, oats and 

 potatoes are moftly cultivated ; and from the latter fome 

 rtroHjT fpirit lias been dillilled, whicli is found to be cheaper 

 than that made from grain. Bread and llarch are alfo made 

 from this root. Corcar, or the lichen omphaloides, an ar- 

 ticle of commerce, is obtained in abnnjance from the rocks, 

 and is fold moftly to dyers. Pennant's Tour in Scotland, 

 4to. vol. iii. 



BREADTH. See Latitubh, Dimension, Area, 

 &c. 



Breadth, ^d/V J. See Hair. 

 Breadth, Finger's. See Finger. 

 Breadth, Hand's. Sec Hand. 



Breadth, in Shlp-bmlJing, the breadth of a fliip at any 

 particular place, as the extreme breadth, which is the greateft 

 breadth, being at the main frame, the top-lmher breadth, the 

 hreadih at the main or iving tratifoin, &c. The breadth and 

 curvature of all the frames are laid down on the body plan, 

 or plane of projeftion ; thofe of the fore-body being on the 

 ri^lit hand ilde of the middle line, and the frames in the 

 after-body being on the left hand fide of the fame line ; 

 from whence the frames are transferred to the mould lott. 

 See BoDY-P/iJH, and Sm? -building. 



Bf.2ADTH.pweeps. Of thefe there are two; the lower 

 and upper. The centre of the lower breadth-fweep is in the 

 line that reprefents the height of the extreme breadth of 

 the limber. If there is a part of the timber ftraight, the 

 centre of the fweep will be in the lower line. From this 

 centre extend to the point that limits the half breadth of the 

 timber in the fame hne ; and with that radius defcribe a 

 circle downwards, till it comes near the floor fweep. The 

 centre of the upper breadth-fweep is in the line that repre- 

 fents the extreme upper height of the breadth of the timber ; 

 from which a circle muft be defcribed to pafs through the 

 point that limits the half-breadth of the timber in the fame 

 line, and produced upwards at pleafure to form the top- 

 timber. 



Half Bueadth 0/ the Floor, is the diflance of the centre 

 of the floor fweep from the middle line in the body plan at 

 the main frame ; which will always be lefs than the diftance 

 between the point where the fl;raight line, drawn from the 

 fide of the keel to touch the back of the floor fv.-eep, is from 

 the middle hne. This lall may be called the true half- 

 breadth of the floor, which in fliarp ihips will be above the 

 rifin^ line. 



/fa^-BREADTH Plan, or Floor Plan, or, as it is frequently 

 called, the horizontal plan, contains the feveral half-breadths 



B R E 



of evcr^' frame of timbers at different Iieights ; ribbands, 

 wattr-lints, &c. are alfo defcribed on this plane. 



Height of Breadth lines, are two lines named the upper 

 and lozver heights of breadth. Thefe lines are defcribed 011 

 the plane of elevation to determine tiie height of the broadell 

 part of the fliip at each timber; and being defcribed in the 

 body plan, limit the height and breadth of each frame at its 

 broadell place. One line fcrvts for both in the half-breadth 

 pian. 



Mainhii/f-BuzATtTH, is a feAion of the fliip at the broad- 

 cfl; place, perpendicular to the Iheer plan, and reprefents 

 the grcatell breadth at the outfide of every timber. 



Top-tiwher /la^-BREADTH, is a feclion of the fliip at the 

 height of the top-timber hue, perpendicular to the plane of 

 elevation. 



/A;^-Breadth Staff, a rod about an inch fquare, and 

 of any convenient lengtli. Upon one fide of this ftafi" are 

 fet off, from one end, the feveral half-breadths of all the 

 timbers in the after-body ; and thole of the fore-body are 

 fet off upon the other hiie. On the other two fides are 

 fet oil' the feveral heights of the flieer ; the after-body oh 

 one fide, and the fore-body on its oppofite. Two fides of 

 the itatt' are marked half-lnadihs ; and the other two fides, 

 hsighls of ihejl^eer. 



BREAK, in yigrictdture, denotes, in Norfolk, land 

 ploughed or broken up the firll year after it has lain fallow 

 in the flieep-walks. 



In ArchiteBure, it denotes a recefs, or giving back of a 

 part behind its ordinary range or projeAure. In whioh 

 fenfe, thev fay, a break of pediment : a break of entabla- 

 tures, whereby it Ihrinks, as it were, between the columns, 

 is reputed a tault. 



Bkeak, Cape, in Geography, lies on the eaft coafl; of 

 Newfoundland, and forms the eaft point of the entrance into 

 Trinity bay, about 10 leagues fouth-eaft from cape Bona- 

 venture. 



Break-Avj IflanJ, hes without the new paflage or north 

 entrance into Dufliy bay, on the weil coall of the fouthern 

 ifland of New Zealand. 



Break-//;, among Caipenters, is when they break a hole 

 in brick-walls with their ripping chilTtl. 



Break-wcc/', Brife-cou, in Building, a fault in a ftair-cafe, 

 as when a ftep is made higher or lower than the reft, and 

 landing-place too narrow, or the like. 



BREAK-ci'rt/ifr, in Sea-Language, the hull of an old fhip, 

 or vcfTel, funk at the entrance of a fmall harbour, to break 

 the force of the waves in their paflage to the veflels moored 

 within. Jetties, however, where practicable to be built, 

 are employed for this purpofe. A break-water is alfo a 

 fort of a fmall buoy faftened to a large one in the water, 

 when the buoy rope of the latter is not long enough to 

 reach from the anchor, lying at the bottom, to the furface 

 of the water. The ufe of this break-water is, therefore, to 

 fiiew where the buoy fwims. 



BREAKERS, a name given to thufe billows that break 

 violently over rocks lying under the furface of the fea. They 

 are diftinguiflied both by their appearance and found, as 

 they cover that part of the fea with a perpetual foam, and 

 produce a hoarfe and terrible roaring, very different from 

 what the waves ufually have in a deeper bottom. When a 

 fhip is unhappily driven among breakers, it is hardly pofGble 

 to fave her ; as every billow that heaves her upward, ferves 

 to dafh her down with additional force, when it breaks over 

 the rocks or fands beneath it. 



Breakers' Point, in Geography, is the fouth-eaft point 



of 



