B R E 



•ka!T appearaiiC'.' of attaining fuch a ftate ; but the principle 

 fin which this tK-pcnds has vol been yet fully afcertained. 

 Viivn the little knowledge that has been obtained on the 

 fulje^, it would fcem to he a quality feme way or other 

 coiuitclid witli the fnullnels of bcvie. In the experience of 

 Mr. IVikewcU and fonic other intelligent breeders, it was 

 found todepcrd much upon the goodnefs of form and the 

 breed. But whether it depends on thefe, or is the confe- 

 ■qucML-c of f.ime particular ftate or ilri;<Sure of the digeilive 

 or (>thv.T internal orgai-s, it is evidently of great importance 

 to the farmer to have fiurh animals as not only fatten readily, 

 but in many cafe::, as can be fupported on the inferior forts 

 6f fo>jd. The oppofition that lias been made to the utility 

 «>f this quality on the fcorc of the over-fattening of animals, 

 and the i'uppi.fition that fuch fat meat is kfs ufeful, as well as 

 lefs economical in theconfumption, is probably without any 

 found.-.tion in truth or jull obfcrvation, as the grazier has 

 no other means of increafing the quantity of lean meat in his 

 feeding llook, but through the medium of the fattening 

 Property. I'i'-is quality (liould of eourfe be condantly kept 

 in view by the breeder in raifing.of his ftock, whatever the 

 kind may be. 



The ilatc of the l>Ue or Jh'm is likewife a circumftance 

 that Ihould be attended to in the breeding of animals, as 

 (bowing, in fome degree, their difpofition to become fat. 

 When It has a loft filky feci there is molUy a difpofition in 

 the animal to fatten in an expeditious manner, and it is fup- 

 ijofed to have an advantage in being more dilteniible, and of 

 eourfe more adapted to admit a large increafe of flefli. 

 Thick hides inay, however, have advantages in cold cx- 

 pofed fituations, where warmth is more particularly necef- 

 fary to the animals. 



The quality of furnifliing a large fupply of m'llh, with the 

 lead pofllble expenditure of food, is another property in ani- 

 mals that ought not, by any means, be overlooked by the 

 breeding farmer. How far a feparate and dillinft breed 

 fliould be provided for this purpofe, or one partly adapted 

 to this ufe, and partly to that of the butcher, be employed, 

 is a point that has not yet been determined ; but as it is 

 well known, that fuch cows as have much tendency to fat- 

 ten feldoni or ever afford any large quantity of milk ; there 

 fliould probably be a breed exclulively for the purpofe of the 

 dairy. -Sir John Sinclair iias, however, fuggofted it as pro- 

 bable, " that, by great attention, a breed might be reared, 

 the males of which might, in every refped, be well calculated 

 for the ihambles ; and the females, when young, produce 

 abundant quantities of good milk, yet, when they reached 

 eight or nine years of age, be eafily fattened." It is fup- 

 pofcd that this would be the mod viduabie breed that could 

 be produced, and that fome of the Scotch breeds have nearly 

 attained fuch a ftate of perfeftion. 



The capability of performing labour in an eafy and pro- 

 per manner is another property, that, in many cafes, demands 

 the attention of the breeder, efpecially in neat cattle and 

 horfes ; but in refpeci to the former fort of ftock, it has not 

 ■vet been, by any means, decided, whether there be any ad- 

 vantao-e in the incteafe of meat by working the animals, or 

 whether there may not befome diladvantage in their growth 

 being retarded by the praCiicc. It cannot, however, be 

 tlifputed, but that where cattle are made to undergo much 

 labour, they muft be a greater length of time before they 

 can be in a proper ftate to be brought to the market ; and 

 it would feem that the growth of the animals myft alfo be 

 IclFcned ; however, as they are capable of being reared and 

 kept at a much cheaper rate than horfes, a breed well cal- 

 culated for th^s ufe may, in many inftanccs. be an obje£t of 

 I'-wat confcqucnce to the farmer. 



B U E 



The inherent property of a breed, or what is ufually 

 termed blood, is likewife a quality that has engaged the at- 

 tention of the breeder in the raifing of live ftcck. This is 

 moftly ihown in the external appearance, and of eourfe may 

 ferve to guide the judgment of the grazier in chooling fuch 

 animals as may be the be ft fuited to fuch improvements as 

 he may have in contemplation. 



Kuch are the princioal points to which the attention of the 

 breeder fliould be diieflid in his attempts at improvements 

 of this nature, as well as the means by which tliey are chief- 

 ly to be accomplifhed. And it has been remarked by Dr. 

 Uickfon, in his Syftem of Praftical Agriculture, that " the 

 fuccefs of liis endeavours, to whatever fpecies of excellence 

 his attention may be direfted, muft obvioufly, in a great 

 meafurc, depend upon the accuracy and correftnefs of his 

 judgment in choofing thofe breeds, of whatever fort of live 

 ftock they may be, that are moft adapted to his circum- 

 ftances ; and in feledting fuch individuals, both male and 

 female, of fuch breeds, as are the raoft perfeA and cxadi in 

 their different parts and properties ; cautioufly continuing 

 to breed from them, without ever differing the leaft inter- 

 mixture by the admiffion of thofe of infciior qualities ; ad- 

 vancing in this way, with the niceft attention to fuch faults 

 or defefts, however trifling, as may arife, fo as to alter and 

 correft them by appropriate pairing in the fucceedmg gene- 

 rations. And as an indifpenftble afliftant in this arduous nn- 

 dertaking he muft conftantly have recourfe to the aid of 

 good and abundant keep at all feafons, with fuitable degrees 

 of flielter and warmth for both the old and young ftock ; fo 

 that they may never decline in flefli or be checked in their 

 growth." This, continues he, " would feem to conftitute the 

 great fecret of the important art of breeding live ftock, 

 which the fnperior difcernment and unwearied perfeverance 

 of a Angle individual raifed to a degree of notice and per- 

 feftion that has had the happieft effefts in bringing the im- 

 provement of our domeftic animals to a flate of excellence 

 perhaps unequalled in any other country." See Cattle and 

 Live Stock. 



Breeding ofjijli. See Tis»-j)orif!. 

 Breeding 6/' /lojyi'j-, t'o^s, &c. See Horse, S:c. 

 BREEF-i-fl/Y/j-, denote a kind of falfe cards, either longer 

 or broader than the reft, whereby they may be known and 

 diftinguiflied. 



BREEN, G. V. in Biography, an engraver of fome 

 merit, whofe time is not afcertained, who worked entirely 

 with the graver, and imitated the ftylc of James de Gheyn, 

 from whom he probably received his firft inftruftions ; 

 though he never equalled his mafter, either in correflnefs of 

 dcfign, or mechanical execution. Strutt. 



BREENBERG, Bartholomew, called Bartolo- 

 MEO, a painter and engraver, was born at Utrecht in 1620, 

 and went, at an early period, for improvement to Rome ; 

 where the fociety of Flemifli painters, called " Btntvogels," 

 diftinguiflied him by the appellation of Bartolomeo. Among 

 the fupcrb ruins and beautiful objects, in and about this 

 city, he acquired an elegant tafte ; and he peculiarly ex- 

 celled in landlcapes, whicii he enriched with hiftorical fi.b- 

 jefts. The figures and animals, which he introduced, were 

 elegantly difpofed, and executed with fpirit and freedom : 

 efpecially when they were not larger than the fmall fizc, iu 

 which he ufnally painted them. His manner, particularly 

 with refpeft to colouring, gradually improved ; his touch is 

 lijht and fpirited, his tone of colouring very plcaflng, his 

 tafte altogether of the Roman fcliool, and his piiSures are 

 diftinguiflied both by force and delicacy. The draperies of 

 his ligures, which are gracefully proportioned and dehgned, 

 are eafy and ornamental, and in his fmalieft figures, the ex- 



' prelTion 



