B R E 



preflion is lively, fonfible, and natural. His piilurcs nn; 

 exceedingly rare, and liighly valued. We have oF Iiia eteli- 

 ing a fet of 24 views, and landlcapea, oniaineiited witli 

 ruiiiS, &c. from his own dcJigns. lie died in 1660. PiU 

 kington and Strntt. 



BREESEBACH, in Geography, a river of Germany, 

 wnieh runs into the Uullrut, 4 miles S. of Wcifeiilee, in 

 the circle of Upper Saxony. 



BREEZE, a fhiftiiig wind, Wowing from the fea and 

 land alternately, during certain hours of the day or night ; 

 only fenfible near the coalls. 



The fea-breeze, Dampier obfervcs, commonly rifes in 

 the morning about nine, proceeding flowly in a fine fmall 

 black curl on the water towards the (horc : it increafcs gra- 

 dually till twelve, and dies about five. — Upon its ceafmg, 

 the land-breeze commences, which increafes till twelve; and 

 ie fuccceded in the morning by the fea-breeze again. The 

 Tea-breezes rule by day, and tlie land-breezes by night ; fo 

 that, dividing their empire, tliey remain as conllant as the 

 feafjns of the year, or courfe of the fun, on which they 

 feem alone to depend ; not but that they appear fooner or 

 later, ftronger or weaker, in fome places than otliers, and 

 vary the alternative according to the feveral latitudes, fitu- 

 ations, foils, mountains, vallies, woods, and other circum- 

 ilances of the countries where they are found. 



In fome countries, the fea-breezes appear only to be ef- 

 forts of the general or trade-wind, as at Barbadoes, and in 

 many places between the tropics, where the general wind, 

 if not impeded by mountains or iflands, blows frefli in the 

 day time, but, after fun fct, the terreftrial exhalations be- 

 coming precipitated, produce a new wind, which is not only 

 ible to make head againll the trade-wind, but to repel it 

 from their coalls. 



The fea-breezes do not all come from the fame point of 

 the compafs, but from different points as the land lies. 



In Brazil, and many of the Caribbee iflands, they have 

 no land-breeze, efpecially if the fhores lie low, as at Bar- 

 badoes, where the general or eailern wind blows from one 

 end of the ifle to the other, and ferves inftead of the land- 

 breeze. In other places they want the fea-breeze, efpeci- 

 ally between the tropics, in coalls which lie wellerly, as in 

 the weftern kingdoms of Africa. 



If cither the eafterly or wellerly winds blow frefli, they 

 hinder both the land and fea-breezes in the Mediterranean ; 

 of which thofe are always found the weaketl which rife 

 latcft. In England, in very hot days, and when no other 

 winds are ftirring, the like alternation of land and fea- 

 breezes may be obierved on our coalls, though with little 

 certitude, any where to the northward of Portugal. 



Breezes are more conftant in fummcr than in winter, and 

 more between the tropics than in the temperate zone. 



The general caufe of thofe alternate breezes which fet on 

 and off the coalls in hot countries, is the greater rarefac- 

 tion of the air by reflcfted heat, and by fermenting exhala- 

 tions over the laud than over the water: the denfer air from 

 the water becomes a fea-breeze in the day ; but tliis air, con- 

 denfcd again, by the cold of the night, may then occafion a 

 land-breeze. 



The caufe of this alternation of fea and land-breezes may 

 be familiarly illullrated by placing a common pewter wattr- 

 plate in the midll of a large veffcl, and filling the former, 

 firll with hot water, and the latter with cold, and holding 

 a taper juft blown out at the edge of the plate ; in which 

 cafe, the fmoke will he obferved to gather over the plate 

 which has heated, and of courfe rarefied the fupcrincumbcnt 

 air; but if this experiment be inverted, and the plate filled 

 with cold water, whilll the larger veffcl is filled with hot 

 water, the fmoke of the taper, held near the plate, will be 

 Vol. V. 



B R E 



fcen to move towards tlie rarefied air that rcHs over the hot 

 water in the hugir vcnel. 



Breezes dilRr from elrfi^, or trade-winds, as the fonnvr 

 are <iiurnal, or iiave tlieir periods cath day ; and, befidcs, 

 they arc only perceived near the fliore or coall; whereas thr 

 Inttcr are annivtrfarv, ai;d blow at a dillance from lai.d. 

 Plii!. Tranf. i\"^ iH/. p. i r,S. See Wind. 



BRF.Ezr., in IJriii iiiali/ig, are fmall nfhc; and cinders 

 fumetimes made ufe of inffead of coals, for the buriiing of 

 bricks. But as this docs not fo well anfwer the end, the 

 nfc of it was prohibited by 12 Geo. I. cap. 31;. bui. allowed 

 by ^ Geo. 11. cap. 22. 10 Geo. III. cap. 49. 



Brkfzi-;?v. Sec Orstrus and CjAD-JIy. 



1511EFFNY, in Geography, the name of an ancient dif- 

 trift of IrLlind, which included the prefciit counties of 

 Cnvan and Lcitrim, with part of ],oni;forJ. It was dividfd 

 into tall and well, and is frequently mentioned in the hif- 

 tory of Ireland, as it was not divided into counties until the 

 reign of Jimes the III. 



BREG, a fmall town of Swifferland, in the Valais, near 

 the river Brone. K. hit. 46' 7'. E. long. 7° 16'. 



BREGANCON, a fortrefs of France, fituatc on a fm.dl 

 illand in the Mediterranean, near the coall between Toulon 

 and St. Tropez. 



BREGANZA, a fmall place of Italy, in the territory 

 of Vicjnza, famous for a lufcious wine produced in its 

 neighbourhood. 



BREGE, a fmall river of Germany, in the circle of Swa- 

 bia, which joins the Bribach, below the town of Doncf- 

 chingcn. 



BREGENTZ, or Brecenz, in Latin, Comilalus Bri- 

 giintius, a county of Germatiy, in the circle of Swabia, but 

 annexed to the circle of Aullria, bounded on the north by 

 the territory of Wangen, on the call, by the bifhopric of 

 Augfburg, and the county of Tyrol, on the fouth, by the 

 counties of Pludcntz and Montfort, and on the welt, by 

 the Rhine and the lake of Conftance. It anciently belonged 

 to the counts of Montfort : but in 1451, part of it was fold 

 to the archduke Sigifmund for 3J.592 Rhenidi florins ; 

 and in 1523, the other part was fold for "{Ojoco Rhcnifh 

 florins, to the archduke Ferdinand. The capital of the 

 fame name is fituated at the eaft end of the lake of Con- 

 ftance; it has feveral iron works in its vicinity, and an ad- 

 joining citadel feated on a mountain, and named Pfanen- 

 berg. To the fouth of the town is the " Bregenz-clans," 

 which is a llrong pafs. This town was taken by the French 

 on the 9th of Augull 1796. It lies 60 miles E. N. E. of 

 Zurich. N. lat. 47° 31'. E. long. 9" 50'. The tiver 

 Bregenz runs into the lake of Confcancc near the tow n. 



BREGLIO, ill Ci'ography, a fmall town of Piedmont, 

 in the county of Nice, feated on the river Rodia. 



BREGMA, or FoNTANi L, m ylnaioiny, is a fpact left 

 between the parietal or frontel bones in the fatus, in which 

 the pulfation of the brain may be felt. There is frequently 

 a fimilar vacancy between the pariet.il and occipital bonck 

 which is termed the pollerior frontal. See Cr.\nium. 



BREGNANO, in Geography, a fmall town of Italy, in 

 the duchy of Milan, feated on the river St^■ele. 



BREGNO, Valdi. See Brenna. 



BRE'HAL, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Cliannel, and chief jilace of a canton, in the dillrift of Cou- 

 tances, 3 leagues S.S.W. of Coutances. 'I'he town con- 

 tains IJ7.;, and the canton 14,251 inhabitants; the terri- 

 tory comprehends 197^ kiliometres, and if' comiTuncs. 



BREHAN Eoi'ur.Ac, a town of Fi-snce, iw the de- 

 partment of Morbihan, (1 miles N. of Jofiehii. 



BREHAR, or Bryer, the name of one of the Scilly 

 iflands, lying about jo miles direftly will of the Lr.nd";- F.i.d 



N n in 



