B R E 



Breton, Pcrtuls, or Breton channel, lies on the weft coad 

 of France, and on the north of tlie ifland of Rhe, betwem 

 that ifland and the main. 



Breton, Port, hes at the extreme part of the Mtditcrra- 

 rean, on the coait of Syria in Alia ; N. N. E. from Larifla 

 gulf, at the diltance of about 14 or 11; leagues. 



BRETONNAYAN, Ren^, in Biography, praftifed me- 

 dicine with reputation at Turin, towards the end of the l6th 

 century, but is only now known by a fingular woik in verfe • 

 " La Generation dc I'homme, et le temple d-; I'ame, avec 

 autres auvres poeticques extraitcs de I'Efculape, de R. B." 

 Paris, 15S;, 4to. In the courfe of the poem the author 

 treats of the ftone, gout, melancholy, colic, &c. The 

 henrt he calls the fun of the microcofm ; the liver the temple 

 of human nature. He defcribes alfo a variety of cofmetics 

 to beautify the (Icin, which was at that time pretty much 

 the cultoni, among writers on medicines, particularly thofe 

 vho treated on the difeafes incident to women. Haller. Bib. 

 Ch. Eloy. Dift. Hill. 



BRETOYSE, or Bretois, the law of the marches of 

 Wales ; in life among the ancient Britons. 



BRETTA, or Bretten, in Geography, a town of Swe- 

 den, in the province of Da'.ecarlia, at the wellern extremity 

 of the lake Vener or Wener, and at the dillance of about half 

 a Swedifh mile from WenerlLorg. 



BRETTEN, or Bretheine, a town of Germany, in a 

 prefefturate of the fame name, in the circle of the Lower 

 Rhine, and palatinate of the Rhine, feated on a hill on the 

 Salzbach, and accommodating the Roman catholics, Lu- 

 therans, and Calvinifts, in their refpeftive worfhip. It is 

 famous as the birth-place of Philip Melanfthon. It was fet 

 on fire by the French in 1689 ; diftant 21 miles S. from 

 Heidelberg, and 18 S. E. from Spire. 



BRETTEVILLEy;//- Laife, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Calvados, and chief place of a canton in 

 the dillria of Falaife ; i o miles N. N. W. of Falaife. The 

 place contains 790, and the canton 14,450, inhabitants ; 

 the territory comprehends 230 kiliometres, and 41 com- 

 munes. 



Bretteville I'Orgtteilkufc, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Calvados, and chief place of a canton in the 

 dillrift of Caen ; 2 leagues W.N.W. of Caen. 

 BRETTIGAU. See Prettigau. 

 BREVAL, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Seine and Oife, and dillri£l of Mantes, one league S. W. of 

 Mantes. 



BREVANNE, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Upper Marne, and diHrift of Cliaumont, 6 miles S. of 

 Bourmont. 



BREUDEI^, John Philip, in Biography, a Dutch 

 phyfician of eminence, who lived the latter end of the i6th 

 and the beginning of the 17th centuries, only now known 

 by a " Colleftion of medical confultations," which he pub- 

 lifhed in 1615, at Franckfort, 410. and which were much 

 eftecmed. 



Breudel, Zacchary, born at Jena in Saxony, in 1592, 

 was initiated into the knowledge of medicine by his father, 

 who was one of the profefTors in that univerfity. In 161 7, 

 he was made dodlor, and, on the fcceffion of his father, pro- 

 fefTorin medicine, an office which he filled feveral years with 

 dillinguifhed attention and abihty. He has left feveral 

 works, the principal of which are " Chemia in artis formam 

 redafta," Jena, ifijo, i2mo. ; " De Medicina, arte no- 

 bihfTima," 1635, 4to. 



Breudel, Adam, profeffor in anatomy and botany in the 

 univerfity of Wittemberg, diftinguidicd for his knowledge of 

 the Greek language, as well as for his lldll in his profeflion, 



B R £ 



publiO.cd, in 1700, a colleftion of inaugural diffcrlations, 

 among which Haller notices, as of fupcrior value, " Dc 

 hydrope ovarii mulicbris," in which lie gives an accurate de- 

 fcnption of tiiat organ ; " Embryoncm in ovulo ai.te con- 

 ccptionem," an opinion which is row pretty gent 1 ally af- 

 ioited to ; " De nutrltione foetus in utero materiio." He 

 alfo puljlirticd " De lapidicina mirrocofmi," 410. 171 1, 

 fliewing tilt varieties in Hones found in the kldnies and blad- 

 der. He relates the cafe of a young woman who dillroytd 

 a foetus file was pregnant with, and procured abortion, 

 by paffiiig a lUlkt up the vagina into the uterus, but her life 

 fell a faentitc to tlie experiment : alfo, " Obfcrvationum ana- 

 tomicarum decades tres," 410. Tliey came out from i6c5 

 to 161S. In the third part he defcribes llie exhaling veiftU 

 oftheiieart. 



Breudel, John Godfrey, nephew to Adam, prof^fTor 

 m anatomy at Gottingen, the beginning of the lall century, 

 pubhlhed, in 1758, an accurate anatomical defcription of the 

 " valvula Euilachij," with engravings ; and, in 1747, " De 

 auris humanae concha ;" " De phofphoro urin'ario," and 

 otiier iimilar works, which have conhderable merit. He 

 died at Gottingen, January iSih I7';8, aged 47. Haller. 

 Bib. Medica. Botau. Aiiatom. ct Cliirurg. Elov. Did. 

 Hill. " •' 



BREVE, BREvis,77j6r/, in Grammar. — Syllables are dif- 

 tinguiihcd into loiig<i: and breves, according as they are 

 pronounced quicker or more (low ; the time of a breve is 

 half that of a long, or, as the grammarians cxprtfs it, a 

 breve is one time, and a long two. See Accent. 



Breve, is ufed in the Civil Law for a (liort note or 

 minute. 



In which fenfe, the word is alfo written Irevis (fubaude 

 libeUus) and in Englilh Briefer breve ; amounting to much 

 the fame with what is othcrwile callcdy27ja/u/<j and IrevicuUi. 

 See Brief. 



Breve more particularly denotes a lift or regifter of the 

 names of the foldiers under the command of a general. 



Breve is more particularly ufed in Common La<w for a 

 writ or brief; by which a man is fummoned or attached to 

 anfwcr in aftion ; or by wliich any thing is commanded to 

 be done in the king's courts, in order to jullice &c. It is 

 called " brev*" from the brevity of it ; and is direfted to 

 the chancellor, judges, fheriffs, and other officers. See 

 Writ. Hence, 



Breve perqiiirere, is to purchafe a writ or licence of trial 

 in the king's courts by the plaintiff; and on this depends 

 the ufage of paying to the king in fuits for money due 

 on bond, 6s. 8d. when the debt is 40I. and los. when it is 

 lool. 



Fitzherbert has given a new Natura Brevium ; thus 

 called by way of dillindlion from an Old Natura Brevium, 

 compofed about the time of Henry III. There is a copy 

 of this book of Fitzherbert filled with manufcript notes 

 by Cr M, Hales, in Dr. Williams's Library in Red Crofs 

 Street. 



Breve de redo, fee Recto. 



Breve, in Mujic, is a note or charaiSer of time, formed 

 fquare without any tail ; and equivalent to two mcafures, 

 or femibieves. See Characters of mufic, and Semi- 



BREVE. 



In fugues, tempo di cnpellj, of two femibreves in a bar, 

 the movement is laid to be alia Ireve, from a bar containing 

 one breve or two femibreves, and from the rapidity with 

 which thefe feeming long notes are executed ; breves as 

 quick as femibreves, and femibreves as quick as minims, &c« 

 See Time-table, and Notation. 



Breve, Breve de Bcn^ale, Breve des Philippines, and 

 7 Breve 



