B H E 



B R E 



Krewikc, among D'tjl'ilkrs, denotes tlie method of ex- 

 trading the more foluble parts of vegetables with liot water, 

 and thus procuring a folutioii or decoflion fitted for vinous 

 fermentation . 



In which fenfe brewing is a neceflary ftep towards diftilla- 

 tion. 



A fermentable folution, fit foryicldincr a fpirit, or brand)', 

 >s obtainable from any vegetable, imder proper manaj;e- 

 nient ; but the more readily and perfcdtly the fubjeft dif- 

 folves, the better it is difpofed for fermentation, and the 

 produftion of brandies. Tlius fntjar, honey, treacle, manna, 

 and other infpiffated vegetable juices, wh'ch totally unite 

 with water, into a clear and uniform folution, are more im- 

 mediate, more perfccl, and better adapted fubjeds of fer- 

 mentation than roots, fruits, or herbs, in fubllance, the 

 grains, or even malt itfelf ; all which diffolve but very im- 

 perfcftly in liot water. 



Yet malt, for its cheapnefs, is generally preferred in Eng- 

 land, and brewed for this purpofe, much after the common 

 manner of brewing for beer ; only the worll malt will fcrve 

 f»r diftillation ; and the tinfture, without the addition of 

 hops, and the trouble of boiling, is here direftly cooled and 

 fermented. 



The grain intended for brewing is previoudy malted, to 

 prepare it for diffolving more eafily and copioufly in the 

 water, fo as to afford a richer tinfturc or folution, which, after 

 due fermentation, will yield about one half more of proof 

 fpirit than the tinfture of an equal weight of unmalted corn. 



Brewing is alfo ufed, in an ill fenfe, for the counterfeit- 

 ing and compounding efpecially of wines. Vintners and 

 wine-coopers are fulpeiled of brewing wines, or mixing 

 divers inferior forts, to imitate fome belter kind. The nectfiity 

 of accommodating their liquors to the palates of their guells, 

 is another caufe of brewing ; infomuch that fome have con- 

 fefled they commonly draw out of two or three cades for 

 every pint. 



Brewing, the appearance of a colleftion of black and 

 tempelluous clouds, avifing gradually from a part of the 

 horizon, being an indication of an approaching ftorm. 



BREWINGTON, Fort, in Geography, lies in the town- 

 (liip of Mexico, New- York, and at the weft end of lake 

 Oneida, about 24 miles S. W. from fcyt Ofwego. 



BREWOOD, or Br ee wood, a market town of Staf- 

 fordfhire, England, confills of 5S1 lioufes, and 286J inha- 

 bitants, the greater number of whom are engaged in the 

 iron manufaftories. The bifiiop of the diocefe had formerly 

 a feat here, and a fmall Benedictine nunnery ^-as founded 

 here in the time of Richard I. A large free grammar 

 fchool is eftablidied in this town. Here are a market on 

 Fridays, and one fair annually. Gough's edition of Cam- 

 den's Britannia, vol. ii. 



BREY, a fmall town of Germany, in the circle of We!l- 

 phalia, and bidiopric of Liege, feated on the river Nci.r, 

 29 miles N. of Liege. — Alfo, a town of Upper Guelder- 

 land, 6 miles W. of Venlo. 



BREYDA FioRDUR, a bay of Iceland, in the weft, 

 quarter, and in the dillrict called Dala-SyfRl. 



BREYDEL, CH.tRLns, called Cnvallfr, in Biography, 

 a painter of landfcapes, was born at Antwerp, in 1677, and 

 remained under the inllruction of old Ry (brack, the land- 

 feape painter, for three years, after which periud he be- 

 came, in confeqnence of his clofe application, competent to 

 commence the praflice of his art. Having been diverted 

 from his purpofe of vifiting la'y, by the cntouragiug re- 

 ception which he met with at Frankfort and Nuremberg, 

 he fpent two years with his brother, Francis Breydcl, at the 

 rouit of Htlle-Caflcl J and he afterwards went to Amfter- 



dam, where he copied fevoral views of the Rh ne, from the 

 dcfigns of Griffier, and thui improved his colouring, pen- 

 cilling, and taftc of defign, fo that tlie works of this 

 Jirtill may be regarded as his fccond and beft fchool. At 

 length he fettled at Ghent, where hi,; performances wuc 

 much admired ; but he was reduced, by extravagance in hi» 

 drefs, furniture, and table, to the iicceiruy ^of earning 

 money expeditioully, and to multiply pidures much infe- 

 rior in defign and execution to others, wiiich had been 

 produced l)y iiis pencil. His health declined towards the 

 clofe of his life ; and his peiformances, during the intervals 

 of eafc which he enjoyed, amidil recurring paroxyfms of 

 the gout, wanted the fpirit, delicate finidiing, and firmnefs 

 of touch of his bcttef days. Whilft the ideas and ftyle of 

 Griffier were his models, his pidures, which were vie«s 

 of the Rhine, were well defigned, neatly executed, and 

 excellently coloured. But he changed this manner, in order 

 to imitate Velvet Breughel, whofe works were univerfally 

 admired, and feleded for his fubjeds battles, fieges, and 

 encampments. He often copied the prints of Vandcr- 

 meultn ; but afterwards compofcd very readily in tiiis 

 ftyle, without borrowing fvcmi any other artift. His bed 

 pidures arc full of fpirit, his touch is firm and well adapted 

 to his ftyle, and his defign is corred. Some of them appear 

 too laboured, but others are full of harmony. He died in 

 1744. Pilkington. 



Breydel, Francis, brother of the preceding, was born 

 at Antwerp, in 1679 ; and is fuppofed to have been a dif- 

 ciple of old Rylbrack. At an early age he excelled in 

 portraits, and was appointed painter to the court of Heftc- 

 Caftel, where his works were held in high eftimation. From 

 Hefte-Caffel he removed to England, and continued here for 

 feveral years, with his friend Vandermyn. Befides portraits, 

 he painted converfatioiis, feafts, ad'emblies, and carnavals ; 

 and his converfations, as well as his other compofitions, are 

 finely executed, agreeably coloured, and well difpofed. 

 This artift died in 1750. Pilkington. 



BREYER, in Geography, the name of an iHand on the 

 coaft of North America. N. lat. 44° 19'. W. long. 06° 2 5'. 



BREYNIA, in Botany, (in memory of Jac. Breyniiis, 

 and his fon, Jac. Phil. Breynius, both celebrated botanills). 

 Forfter 7J. Schreb. i6oj. La Marck Illuft. 860. Clals, 

 polygamia diacia. 



Gen. Char. I. Complete flowers. Cal. perianth one-leaved, 

 top-fliaped, minute, with fix fegments ; fegments, concave, 

 blunt, clofely converging, deprefled, flat at the end, fo that 

 it is pervious only by a fmall hole. Cor. rone. Slavi. fila- 

 ments none ; anthers five, linear, erect, fallened longitudi- 

 nally to the ftyle, approximating. Pl/t. germ, very fmall. 

 Style cylindric, as long as the calyx ; itigma obtufe. Peri- 

 c<vp. berry, dry, glohofe, three-celled, fupported by the 

 perianth, now increafed to three times its former fize, and 

 Ipreading very wide. Seeds, two in each cell, convex at the 

 back, flat on the fides. 2. Stamenifcrons flowers. Cal. one 

 leaved, with five fegments; fegments ronndiHi, concave, 

 nearly equal. Cor. none. NeHary, five glands, on fliort oedi- 

 cells, alternate with tlie ftamcns. Slam, filaments five, 

 very fhort ; anthers ronndidi, as long as the calvx. 3. Pifti- 

 liferous flovvers. Cai. and Cor. as in the ftamcniferoup. Pif}. 

 germ globofe ; ftyle none ; ftigmas five, obcordate, refembhng 

 petals. Pericarp, five-celled. Seeds, foiitary, i:;tlier thrce- 

 iided. Native of New Caledonia and Tannan, in the South 

 Seas. 



BrEYXIA, (BrOWIi). See CaPPARIS CvNOPHALI.0PH0Ri, 



and SiLiCiUosA. — (Jacquin). See Capparis Brkynia. 

 Breynia, (Pet). See Seriphium Cineselm, and 



pLUMOSfM. 



Pp2 EREYHELDE, 



