B R I 



lj:yj^:.t from Germany; ami brii-k-foap, maJi: iii oblong 

 pi.. ci, from a pound and a li::lf to three pounds. 



BmcK, irX»'.o. or rry^-.i.x, lalemihu, in the Mlli/>iry yf'l, 

 <l;notri.oneof the forms of the Grecian army, which was 

 .Iravrn up in the figure of a brick or tyle, with four unequal 

 !; !fi ; it<i length beinij extended towaids the enemy, and cx- 

 ^ its Jcpth. That of the brick inverted, d;iioniinated 

 ,,?.'i;m. wasan oblonp; ftjuare, after tlie falhion of a tower, 

 withthcfmall end towards the enemy. Homer, Iliad. /x. v.4.;. 



Bricks, or Briq^'ES, in HnMry, are figures or bear- 

 ing* in arms, refembling a building of bricks ; being of a 

 luuare form, like billets ; from which they only differ in 

 this, that they lliew their ihicknefs, which the other do not. 



Brick enrlh, in J^ricullure. See Bncl'ijh Soil. 



■Rkick kiln, a place to burn bricks in. 



BRiCK-/.;_vf/-, an artificer whofc bufinefs it is to build with 

 bricks, or make brick work. 



Brick layers work or bufinefs, in London, includes tyling, 

 walling, chimney work, and paving with bricks and tyle?. 

 In the country, it alfo includes the mafon's and plaiftcrcr's 

 bufinefs. The materials ufed by brick-layers, arc bricks, 

 tvles, n.ortar, laths, nails, and tyle-pins. Their tools are, a 

 brick-trowel, wherewith to take up mortar; a brick ax, 

 to cut bricks to the determined fiiapc ; a faw, for fawing 

 bricks ; a 1 ub-(lone, on which to rub them ; alfo a fqunre, 

 wiiercwith to lay the bed or bottom, and face or furface of the 

 brick, to fee whether they be at right angles ; a bevel, by 

 whicli to cut the under fides of bricks to the angles requir- 

 ed ; a fmall tranncl of iron, wherewith to mark the brick.; j 

 a flonl llone, with wliich to rub a moulding of brick to the 

 pattern di.fcribed ; a banker, to cut the bricks on ; linepins, 

 lo lav their rows or courfes by ; plumb-rule, whereby to 

 carry their work upright ; level, to conduft it liorizontal ; 

 fquare to fct off right angles ; ten foot rod, wherewith to 

 take dimenfions ; jointer, wherewith to run the long joints ; 

 rammer, wherewith to beat tlie foundation ; crow and pick- 

 ax, wherewith to dig through walls. 



The London brick-layers and tylers make a regular com- 

 pany, wliieli was incorporated in 1568, and confifts of a 

 nailer, two wardens, twenty-eight alTiftants, and one hun- 

 dred and eight on the liver\-. 



A br.'ck-layer and his labourer will lay in a day about a 

 thoufand bricks, in whole work, on a folid plane, wlien the 

 wall is but a brick and a half, or two bricks thick ; and fince 

 a cubic yard contains ^6o bricks, he v.ill lay above two 

 cubic yards in a day : and hence it may be eafily computed 

 bow many brick-laytrs arc required to finifli a certain piece 

 of work in a given lime. 



Brick-laying is one of the arts fubfcrvient to architec- 

 ture. Moxon has an excrcilc cxprcfs on the art of 

 brick-laying, wherein he dtfcribcs the materials, tools, and 

 metliods of workijig ufcd by brick-layers. Sec Bikh 

 Walls. 



BRiCK-ci'or/'. There is very little to be added under this 

 head, to what has betn faid in the preccdmg article, to 

 which the reader is referred. 



Bricks, when ufed in c>;ternal walls, are genei-ally worked 

 in what is called Flcmifii bond, that is, with headers and 

 llrctchers alternately, and the courfes fo difpofed, that the 

 middle of the bricks of one fall over the joints of the next. 

 Brickwork is meafured by the fquare foot reduced to the 

 thicknefs of one brick and a half; thus a wall two bricks 

 thick, ten feet long, and three feet high.=: 30 fquare feet 

 would be called 40 feet reduced. It is valued by the rod 

 of 272 feet. Facing and gauged arches are meafured by 

 the fuperficial fquare foot, and cornices by the foot running 

 or the length. 



B R 1 



BRICKWELL, C.h.\rlfs, and J.\mks, in Bio-raphy, 

 two brothers, who appear to have made their travels fcrve 

 to the improvement of natural hillory. The elder pnbliHitd 

 " A natural and political Hillory of Portugal," Svo. Lon- 

 don, 1726; the other, "A natural Hillcry of Carolina," 

 Svo. 1739, Dublin, in which he gives a particular account 

 of plants, indigenous to that country.; and the fame year, 

 alfo at Dublin, "A Catalogue of .American Trees and 

 Shrubs, which will bear the Climate of England," fol. with 

 engravings, Haller. Bib. Botan. 



BR ICON, in Geogrnphy, a, town of France, in llic di.-- 

 partment of the Upper Marne, and diftricl of Chaumoiit ; 

 7 miles W. of Chaumont. 



BRICZANI, a town of European Turkey, in the pro- 

 vince of Moldavia ; Jo miles S. E. of Cokziro. 



BRIDE, a woman juft married, or a wife in the firil , 

 days of her matrimonial Hate. See Marriage. 



Among the Greeks, the bride was ufually conveyed in a 

 chariot from her father's houfe to that of her hufband in the 

 evening, as the inoft convenient time for concealing her 

 blufiies ; Ihe was placed in the middle, her hufband fat on 

 one fide, and his intimate friend on the other ; torches were 

 canied before her, and in the proccfHo\i they were fome- 

 tinics accompanied by fingers and dancers. When they ar- 

 rived at the end of their journey, the axle-tree of the car- 

 riage was broken, fignifying-, by this aAion, that the bride 

 was never to return to her father's houl,'. The day ou 

 which the bride left her father's houfe was celebrated as a 

 fcllival, diflinc/t from the nuptial folemnity ; which was kept 

 at the houfe of t'ne bridegroom, and began in the evening, 

 at the time of.the bride's arrival. A banquet was prepared 

 for her reception, from rcfpetl due to the gods of marriage, 

 who had been previoudy invoked, ar.d that the marriage 

 miglit be made public, as it was ufually attended by a con- 

 courfe of friends. Before the bride was conducted to the 

 marriage-bed, which was richly adorned, according to the 

 quality of the perfon, file bathed her feet in water, which the 

 Athenians fetched from the fountain " Caliirhue," afterwards 

 called E>v!Ky.fi<ra;, from nine cifterns, fupplied by it with 

 v.'ater ; which water was brought by a boy nearly allied to 

 one of the married pair. The bride was then lighted to bed 

 with feveral torches, round one of which the married per- 

 fon's mother tied her hair-lace, taken from her head for this 

 ufe, to which cuftom Seneca alludes, Theb. v. jOy. Whild 

 the married couple were fiuit together in a chamber, the 

 laws of Athens obliged them to eat a quince, thus intimat- 

 ing that their firll converfation ought to be mutually agree- 

 able ; and then the hufband proceeded to loofe his bride's 

 girdle, called l^x-jrt ; during which time the young men and 

 maids flood without the door dancing and linging fongs, 

 called !-i5k?i5;ui5-., ephkalam'ia. In the morning thty return- 

 ed again, and fung other epithalamia. See Apaulia and 

 Anacalvpteria. 



Among the Romans, the maid efpoufed remained a Irule, 

 fponfa, till fhe entered the huiband's houfe ; from which 

 time ihe commenced a wife, uxor. 



The bridegroom was attended by a brideman, paranym- 

 phiis; the bride by a proniiba, or bridemaid, whufe bufi- 

 nefs was to inftrucl her young miilrefsin the duties of 

 the genial bed, and to prepare every thing for a prafperous 

 copulation. 



The ancient ceremonies praftifed in refpeft cf a bride were 

 numerous; moll of them emblematical, or fignificant of fome 

 part of her duty; as, drelling her hair after a peculiar man- 

 ner, and parting it with a fpear ; putting on her a crown ; 

 girding her with a girdle, which the bridegroom was to 

 luofen ; putting a yoke on her neck ; dref.ing her in vcllov/ 



focks : 



