B R I 



this tvent, and tlie continued terror which prevailed during 

 warfare, tlie inhabitants refolvcd to credl foililicatioiif, as 

 fume fecurity againft future attacks. A block-houCc for 

 ammuni!io:i,'&c. walls, gates, and other means of fecurity 

 were therefore provided for the town in 1,5','^, and in sOi^. 

 It does not appear that Brii^hton fnffertd any tliinjT material 

 from foreign foes after the latter period ; but the boillerous 

 ocean now commenced hollditics, and, previous to the year 

 l6.')5, dclboyed twenty-two copyhold tenements under the 

 cMi, befides a good deal of attached land. In the m. mora- 

 ble llorms of 173,' and J'of,, one hundred ?nd thirteen 

 tenements, with the block houfe, walls, gates, &c. were 

 undermined by the encroacliin^ waves, which have hnce 

 made great deprrdalions on this Inore. In 1651, Charles II. 

 fecretly embarked here for tl>c continent, and thus cfcaped 

 the vigilant purfuit of his cruel enemies. 



In confequenct of the repeated damages done by the fea, 

 the inh ibitaiitsof Brigliton fubfcribed a large fum of money, 

 «nd colkc\ed much more by brief, ,'5cc. in order to raife fonie 

 artificial barrier ; and early' in the lull ccntuiy the clills were 

 fecurtd by wooden fences, called groins, projecting towards 

 the fea. This town may attribute its popularity to Dr. 

 Richard Ruffel, who, having fettled here, wrote a treatife 

 on the importance of fea-balhing, and fucccfffuUy recom- 

 mended the prailice in fcrophulous, and glandular com- 

 plaints. He caufed a valuable mineral fpring at \Vick, about 

 one mile from the town, tobeindofed in a bafon. A build- 

 ing was afterwards crefted over it. The name of Rufltl 

 null be held in grateful remembrance by the inhabitants of 

 all watering places, if they refleft that he was the rellorer, 

 and great promoter of that highly important rellorative of 

 health — fea-bathing. To commemorate his name, the late 

 Kev. Dr. Manningliam wrote the following lines, 

 " Clara per omne TEvum Rufl'elli fama manebit 

 Dum rttinct vires unda marina fuas." 

 Adoiiring agts Ruflel's name fliall know 

 Till ocean's healing waters ceafe to flow. 



The fuccelTor of Dr. Ruffel, (Dr. RhcUan) a!fo con- 

 tributed to bring Brighton into repute by publifliing the 

 natural hillory of the town in 1760. 



Brighton is the llation for packets between this part of 

 England and Dieppe, &c. Here are fcvernl chaiitits, and 

 endowed fchools j alfo a convenient, but fmall play-houfe, 

 erefted in the year 1789. The church, an ancient ilruc- 

 ture, ftands on a hill, a little north of the town, and 

 contaiiis fome curious, and interelling monuments, and 

 infcriptions. 



In the call llreet of Brighton, which forms the weRern 

 boundary of the Steyn, ftands the Marine Pavilion, a rc!idetite 

 of his royal highnefs the prince of Wales. It was finilhcd 

 in the year )787, and from its callern front commands a 

 line view of the fea. Sec. Adjoining to this, is an excellent 

 family manfion belonging to the duke of Marlborough ; 

 many other elegant houfes, handfome row?, fquarts, and 

 ilreets, now combine to give Brighton a rcfpeclable appear- 

 ance, aud render it attractive, and" comfortable for its inha- 

 bitants and occafional vifitois. It is 54 miles fouth from 

 London, 8 from Lewes, and contained in 1801, 1427 houfes, 

 and 7,139 inhabitants. Ancient and modern Hillory of Lewes 

 and lirighlhelmfton, by \V. Lee, 8vo. i 795. 



BRIGIOSUM, in Jncknl Geography, Brion, a place 

 of Gaul, Ijluatc, according to the Thcodofian tabic, btlwctn 

 Avedonacum and Rauraua, in the route which leads from 

 Mediolanum to J,imonum in Aquitania Seeunda. 



BRIGITTINS, or Bridoktin's, more proji^rly Bir.- 

 eiTTiNS, a religious order denominated from their foun- 

 drefs St. Bridgit, or Birgit, a bwcdiih lady^ ia the four- 



B R I 



tcenth century, whom fome rcprefein as a queen ; but Fa- 

 bricius, on better grounds, as a princefs, tiie daughter of 

 k'lig Bigerus, Icgiflator of Upland : (he is famous for lier 

 revelations. The Erigittins are fometimcs alio called the 

 '• Order of our Saviour;" it being pretended that Chriil 

 himfclf diclated the rules and conllitutions obferved by ihenv 

 to St. Bridg' t. In the mai i,.tlie rule is that of St. Augnl- 

 tin ; only with certain additions fuppofed to have been re- 

 vealed by Chrifl ; whence they alio denominate it the " Rule 

 of our Saviour." The iii ft monaftcry of the Brigittin order 

 was cre£led by the foundrcfs, about the year IJ44, in the 

 diocefe of Lincopen ; on the nivdcl of which all the rt;ft 

 were forr.vd. The Biigiltins profcfs great morlilicatiun, 

 poverty, and felf-dcnial, as well as devotion ; and they are not 

 to polTefs any thing they can call their own, not fo much as 

 a halfpenny, nor even to touch money on any account. This 

 order fpread much through Sweden, Geimany, the Nether- 

 lands, &c. In England we read but of one monallery of 

 Briggittins, and this built by Henry V'. in 1415, oppotite to 

 R.ichmond, now called Sion-houfe ; the ancient inhabitants 

 of which, iince the diflblution, are fettled at Lifbon. The 

 revenues were reckoned at 1945!. per annum. 



BRIGNE, in Ichthyology, 2^ nime given by the French M\- 

 cvmen to the Ffrca punclafa of Linnxus. Lacepedc retains tins 

 filli in his natural hiilory, under the nameot Ccntropone Laip. 



BRIGNAIS, in Gfo^iaphy, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Rlione und Loire ; ± Lagues S. of 

 Lyons. 



BRIGNEUIL /'.//'r.:, a town of France, in the depart- 

 ment of the Charente, and diilridi of Coiifolens ; 3 leagues 

 S. E. of Confolens. 



BRIGNOLA, a town of Italy, in the (late of Genoa; 

 23 miles N. E. of Genoa. 



BRIGNOLLES, a town of France, and chief place of 

 a diftrld, in'the department of the Var, leated among moun- 

 tains, in a fertile country, and celebrated for its fruit, and 

 particularly its plums, which take their denomination 

 from it ; 6 leagues N. of Toulon. The town contains 3460, 

 and the canton 12,1 14 inhabitants : the extent of the terri- 

 tory comprehends i6okiliometres, and 6 communes. N. lat. 

 43'' 24'. E. long. 6° 15'. 



BRIGUS, in Ancient Geo^rnphy, a river of Ireland, men- 

 tioned by Ptolemy, fuppofed to be the main channel of the 

 rivers Suire, Nore, and tiarrow, which unite below the towns 

 of Rofs and Waterford. Colleft. de Rebus Hibern. 



Brigus, Cope and Say, lie in the bay of Capetown, on 

 the caft coafb of Newfoundland. The cape is high and 

 rugged, and the bay narrow and deep. 



BRIHUEGA, in Gco^^rciphy, a town of Spain, in New 

 Caftile, featcd on the river Tajuna, the principal commerce 

 of which co:;fifts in wool. Tliis town was taken poffcnion 

 of in 1710, by general Stanhope, with the Englifh army, iii 

 behaif of the archduke Charles; was bei.egcd by the duke 

 of Vendome in favour of Philip, king ot buain, and its gar- 

 rifon were obliged to furreiider as prifoncrs of war. It is 

 diftant 43 miles E. N. E. from Madrid. N. hit. 41'^ o'. 

 W. lorg. 30^ 20'. 



PiillL, Matthew, in Biography, a painter of landfcape 

 and hiftory, was born at Antwerp, in 1550, and having ac- 

 quired the rudiments of his art in that city, went to Rome 

 lor further improvement; where he acquired fuch reputa- 

 tion as to be employed by Gregory Xlil. in the Vatican, 

 and ptnfioned till his death in 1584. 



Bk.il, Paul, brother to the preceding, a painter of land- 

 fcapes, was Lorn at Antwerp, in 1554, .aid educated in the 

 art of painting, under Danitl Voiteiii.i.iis. After his re- 

 moval to Rome, where he faw the woiks of Titian and 



Caracci, 



