B R I 



T!>e greater Itnjrth of t!ic calyx k mod obfervable when the 

 panicle has jiift biirll fom iis ihcatli. At a more advanced 

 ■period the diilinction nearly difappears. It is a rare plant 

 III F.nRltnd, peculiar to tlie foiuliorn counties, and chiefly 

 found in Cornwall. 2. B. iri.-iHa, Linn common qnaking 

 jjraf*. cow.q«alic9, (liakcrs, ladi.-s-hair, bird's eyes. Eng. 

 IVit. J40. Knap. Gram. Brit. 6o. " Spikciets ovate, fevcn- 

 flo.vered, calyx lh'>rtcr than the florets, ftipule very fliort, 

 ohtufe." Dr. Smith. Riit perenni.il, fibrous, elongated. 

 Cfitm erefl, round, leify, very fmooth. I.fnvis acute, flat, 

 flriatrd, a little rem^h. SIjoiiIu, very long, flriated, fniooth. 

 .'./()>(//£• very (hort, obtnfe. fcarcely dccurrent, not adhering to 

 the Iraf above. Ptin'icit widely fprcadiiig, mnny-flowered, 

 bi-anchts growing by two.?, branchlets as in the minor, but 

 brown, not ereti\. SpihtUts, ptndiilous, trembling, ovate, or a 

 little heart-lhapcd, fmojth, fliining, variegated with wliite and 

 brown. Cjlyx-^!it.Hes nearly equal, concave, obtufe, fcarcely 

 llnated, fcariou^at their mari;in. Florets as in the mhior. Dr. 

 •Smith. Common in t!ic dry i(li r.icndows of Europe, and other 

 parts of Europe. It has no peculiar excellence, and has never 

 been cuhivatedfeparatdy. J. B. r.'rfH/,Linn."Spikeletsovate, 

 feven-lKiuervd : calyx equal to the florets." Very like the 

 jireccdii'g, but the leaves are twice as broad. Root annual. 

 ..V./s.'/.'ir acute, decurreiit, adhering to the leaf above. Pr.nide 

 fuller, green, more branched ; branchlets much divaricated, 

 occafioned by callous knots depreffing them at their bafc. 

 Fioxufrt rather fmallcr, readily falling oiT when fliaken. 

 Native of the Levant, Spain, &c. Introduced into England, 

 17.S7, by Mr. Zicr. 4. li. ,?™;<:;;/.//a. WiUd. " Spikclets 

 ovate, calyx fliorter than the flowers, culm geniculate." 

 Tliujib. Cape of Good Hope. ,5. B. cnjjenjis. (Poa 

 lirizeidrs, Linn. Sup.) " Spike-lets ovate, ten-flowered, 

 Jjaniclc clofe. Thuiib." Pedicles Ample. Cape of Good 

 ili>pe. 6. B. maxL-na. -Linn. " Splkelcts cordate ; florets 

 fevcntcen." ^04/ annual. Leavcshro:\d. fu/m about a foot 

 -.Slid half high. Spile. hti very few, very large, ftiiiiing, fca- 

 rious, variegated with green and white. Peduncles fimple. 

 Italy, Portugal,Cnpe of Good Hope, India. 7. B. eragr^>Jlis. 

 I.inn. " Punicle oblong ; fpikclets lanceolate, many-flower- 

 ed.'.' I..a Marck. Root annual. Culm from five to feveu 

 iiiches high, decumbent near the bottom. La Marck 

 o'.ifervts, that it is nearly allied to Poa eragiolUs, and 

 Wdldenow doubts whether it be more than a variety of it ; 

 but Vill irs aiferts that it may always be dillinguifhed by the 

 outer valve of the corolla, which is concave, pellucid, with 

 a nerve running along the middle, and two along the edge. 

 South of Europe. 8. B. monfpejfulana. AUion. " Spike 

 ■nodding, ii:nple ; fp'kelets alternate, pedunclcd, fubfolitary, 

 ovate; calyx live -Sov.-ered." Martyn's Miller. 



BRIZACA, in ^'Indent Geography, a town of Afia, in 

 Armtnia .Major. Ptolemy. 



BRlZrVKA, a river of Afia, in Pcrfia Propria. Its mouth 

 was dangerous, accordinjr to Arrian, on account of the 

 jjanks aiid rocks with which it abounded. Ptolemy calls this 

 liver B.ifoana. 



BRiZE, in Agriculture, a word that fignifies fuch lands 

 as have remained long without tillage. 



Br I z t-r<.'.7.-, or V>».'.%n-ven!s, a kind of (helters ufcd by 

 gardeners, vvho have n.it walls on the north-fide, to keep the 

 cold winds from damaging their melon beds. 



Brize-vents are inclofurcs fix or fcvcn feet high, and an 

 inch thick, made of ft;rav.', fupported by flakes fixed into the 

 ground, and props acrofs both infide and outfide, faftencd 

 together with willow twi^s, or iron-wire. 



BRlZEMiiOURG, m Gcgraphy, a town of Prance, 

 jn the department of the Lower Charente, and diilrift of 

 .St. Jean d' Angcly ; i\ leagues S. of St. Jean d'Angely. 



i3RIZ£N, a town of Germany, in the circle of Uppcj- 



B R O 



Saxony, and Middle Mark of Brandenburg ; 4 leagues N. 

 of \\'ilteiiberg. 



BRIZIO, or Briccio, Francesco, in Biography, a 

 painter of architefture and landfcape, was born at Bologna, 

 in IJ74, and educated firft in the fchool of Paiferotli, and 

 afterwards under Ludovico Caracei. Having applied with 

 great diligence to the Ihidy of the principles of perfpeAive 

 and architefture, he acquired a ilyle in his compofitions 

 of fuch diilinguidicd excellence, that his piftures were much 

 admired, not only for tlic truth of the pevfpeAive, and the 

 beauty of the colouring, but alio for the grandeur of his 

 ideas, the majeflic llyle .jf the architeilure, the elegance of 

 the ornaments, am! the noble taflc of landfcnpc, which he in- 

 troduced to fet ofi'his buildings. He was aUb an engraver, 

 and is faid to have affilled Agoflino Caracei, in the plates 

 which he engraved : we have alfo fome etchings by this mafter. 

 Of his prints we may mention his " Holy Family," from 

 Corregij ; " St. Roch," from Pamiigiano ; the " Flight 

 into Egypt," from Ludovico Caracei ; and " Chrill and 

 the Woman of Samaria," from Agoftino Caracch. He died 

 in 162^. Pilkington. Strutt. 



BROACH, Brocha, in Mitldh Age IFriters, denotes aa 

 awl or bodkin. Among us broach is chiefly ufed for a (leel 

 inflrument ferving to open holes in metals. It is fomelimes 

 alfo applied to a flick on which thread or yarn is wound ; 

 and, in the North, to a fort of wooden needles ufcd in knit- 

 ing certain coarfe things. 



See an account of the broach ufcd in weaving tapeftry, 

 under Tapestrv. 



In fdme part of England, a fpit is called a broach : and 

 hence alfo to broach a barrel, is to tap it. The ancient lordj 

 received from their tenants a fee or tribute, Ci\\\c6. pertiifagiuniy 

 for the liberty of broaching a cag of ale. 



The term breach or Ircche, is alfo ufed in Scotland, to 

 denote a certain utenfil ufed by the Highlanders for tallen- 

 ing their veil, and refembling the " fibula" of the Romans. 

 This broach is commonly of filver, of a round figure, and 

 furnilhed with a tongue, croffing its diameter, and lerving to 

 fallen the folds of the garment : fome have two tongues, 

 one on each fide of a crofs bar in the middle. Ancient 

 broaches of elegant workmanfliip, and richly ornamented, 

 are preferved in feveral fam.ilies ; fome of which are infcribed 

 with names, to which particular virtues were afcribed, and 

 others furniflud with receptacles fur relics, fuppofed to de- 

 fend from harm : fo that they leem to have been ufed not 

 only in drefs, but for the purpofe of amulets. 



IjROACH, in Geography. Sec Baroach. 



Broach to, is when a ihip failing large fuddenly flies 

 up to the wind, in confequence of the difficulty of fleering, 

 or of bad lleerage. Sec. fo that the fails are all taken aback. 



BR07\D-Arrow, in Heraldry, differs from \\\t pheoJi by 

 having the infide of its barbs plain. 



Broad Banh, in Geography, a bank on the coallof Flan- 

 ders, the fouth end of which la about 4 or 5 leagues N.E. by 

 N. from Calais cliff. On the weft iide between this and 

 Rattle-bank, is a channel of 18 or 19 fathoms. 



Broad Bay, a bay of America, in the dlllrift of Maine, 

 lying on the line of Lincoln and Hancock counties, 

 bounded by Pemaquid point on the well, and Pleafant point 

 on the eafl^. 



Broad Bay, on the coatt of Wales. See St. Bride's 5<2)'. 



BaoAD-rrt/? Iliijhamlry, in Agriculture, that fort of arable 

 cultivation in which the feed is put into the foil by the hand, 

 without the aid of niachioery. In this way the feeds are 

 fcattercd over the furface of the ground, without being con- 

 fined in regular rows, as is the caie in the drill method, which 

 is mofl;ly oppofed to it. The putting of the feed into the 

 earth in this way feems better fuited to the fl.ony and more 



ftiff 



