B R O 



»ble repairs. Bromyard contains 243 hoi.fes, and 08? in- 

 habitants. It has a fmall weekly m.rkct on Tuefdays, and 

 lour annual fairs. It is 1 ,■■ milfs W. from London. 



«KON, a town in France, in the department of the 

 Eure and Lone, and thief place of a canton, in the diftrift 

 of Chateaudun, 2} leagues N. W. of Chateaudm. ; the 

 place contains 191S, and the canton 10.611 inhabitants; 



liKONCHANT, ,n /ArMry, a ter.-n ufcd In- the French 

 hera ds to denote the l.tuation of any bcall, when placed on 

 4 ttcl<l llrcwcd wall fleurs-dt-lis. 



BRO.\CHL\, or Bronchi.^, in ^,,atomy, the two pri- 

 mar)- d.vihons of the tnichea or xviiid-pipe, which convey 

 the air to the hinps. See Lungs 



BRONCHIAL ^r/rr;« arifc from the defccnding aorta. 

 and accompany the bronchia; into the lungs. See the dc 

 fcnpiion of the AsTfRits and Lings, 



B R O 



Bronchi.. ■,^W..abforbent glands' fituated at the root 

 of the lungs, bee ti.e defcnption of the Absorulnt v.f,/s 

 and lunj^j, -u 



rhi^ri"""""^'"? 'r-"'°'"" "■'"■^'' •■'"'""P-iny the bron- 



BR\TNCHnrFTV-'''"''o"°" °^ '^'^' ^'^ '^^ ^'"d Lt;Kcs. 



^ivenio f M ^^'.'"'^'"■•f"^' ^■' «PP-"ation ufually 



■fid w mL '^■/'"',''^ r; ""^ f^-'^-P-'^t of the throat! 



i-^/L7r "■■."'°""™"/ '^'•3"'- The word ircciose/e 



Unbed by a:u.s (De Re Medica, lib. vii. cap. , 5.), al- 

 though his account of its nature and treatment is very im- 



hdes of the //.(vW j./^nrt', and in a great many cafes it 



t'ZTr T'l\ "^,' &---1 cnlargemeift of that orga ; In 



dil ind7r ^' :' ^''"'' ^'"T'' f"l^-divided intt various 



eel ubr ll P° °"'' '^""'^"^ ^'"'■^'y t° ^^=h other by 

 cellular membranes. ' 



The form and contents of this tumour will be found very 

 different in different (ubjeas ; for the moft part, hovvever k 

 « roundin, during the firft years of its exiftcnce a, d mod 

 racly comprciTible. endowed with little fcnfib llty. Suy 



a fl.or r^ r /-^l"'" "'■" °'^ ''' "^'"^«' oolour Some 

 lllZZl^ f' "j"' "'* bronchocele confilh of a hone^! 

 hke matter; others, that it contains httle portions of bone and 



.sdi.\:d?K '^"" " 'f'''^ "^y -^' -'d feme, that" t 

 b-,2 ^^ a / IT''^' ^''■°"^' O'- piriform fluid, &c Pro 



M,.g me trachea, which [omeumts forms a real hernia hv 

 protruding between its annular cartilatre, c; 'a ' ^ 



Scrofula, and Hernia. "'""'"S"' ^« Aneurism, 



ins'\' ith"n^^'■""'f °"'' '^ ^"""'^ '" '"^"y ^"""tries, it ox- 

 in-i v.itn peculiar freauencv at f>,» u„.. r . 



«hvre much wet .nd h"at nrev!il f ^°'"',"' °^. '""""ta.ns. 



" Qyis tumidum guttur miratur in Alpibus .'" 

 The French name, goitre, or gou^trt, is evidently a cor- 

 niption of the Latin word gultm; the throat ; and although 

 M. Louis has mamtained, that the brouchoccle and the goitre 

 ought not to be milbken for each other ; thefe two names 

 are now fo univprfally applied to a fiinllar affetlion, that it 

 would be vain to attempt any correftion of the fuppofed 

 error. Vide Encyclopedic, Art. Goetn; compofcd by M 

 Louis. In another place he fays again, » II ne faut pas 

 coiitondie, comn:e on fait affez communement, la bronchocele 

 avec uiie autre tumeur du cou qu'on nomme gol/rc." Art, 

 BronchoeeL; ibid. He would confine the term broncliocele 

 to an hernia of tlie wind-pipe, which, in his opinion, may 

 be cured by compreffing the tumour with a fuitable banda/e 

 and culhion. ° 



Upon the diforder which conftitutcs the fubjeft of the 

 prelcnt aiticle, we know not any author who has written fo 

 amply and expcnmentally as M. Fodere, who had many 

 opportunities of obferving the bronchocele in all its ftajjes, 

 w.ierc It prevailed as an endemic difeafe. 



This affeaion more frequently attacks females than males, 

 children than adults, and rela.'^ed or ddicate conftitutions 

 than thofe which are rigid and vigorous ; but it will fome- 

 tmits ailedl perfons of apparently good conftitutions, and of 

 either lex, on their going to rcfide in the low vallies beneatK 

 the Alps, the Pyrenees, the Apennines, &c. where it h 

 endemial and hereditary. Scrofula and rickets feem to make 

 the greatcll ravages among people who are liable to bron- 

 chocele : but M. Fodere is polkive that the latter difeafe, ne- 

 yerthelcfs, differs materially trom the two former ; and that 

 the^.,7r. IS mircly a local complaint of the neck, unattend- 

 ed wita the leaft danger, except it occafion violent mechani- 

 cal preffure by the enormous bulk of the fwellinn-. X\i^ 

 chap^ V. § 19, to 24. Traite du Goitre et du Crctmifme. 

 . .-^^.V^mote phyiical caufes which have been affm-ned for 

 this difeafe are various and unfatisfaftory : viz. the drink- 

 ing of hard, cold, or fnow-water ; the ufe of alimentary 

 iubilances not fufficently nutritious ; the repullion of fome 

 cutaneous dUorder ; the abufe of vinous or fpirituous li- 

 quors, S:c. I lieones, which have been founded on any of 

 thefe fuppofed caufes are too hypothetical, and are contra- 

 wiMK f^ "''"""""^ ^f^^' befides which, the bronchocele 



a linking degree, as fevcral writers have fufficiently proved. 

 1 he difeafe, however, is known to predominate moft in coun- 

 ries affefted by great humidity of the atmofphere, joined 

 m inifh^ ':.' ''"' '' " '"S-ents in the fpring-time. and di- 

 mmiihesm the autumn ; it is kfs prevalent in a ^oJd and 



wa'rnuh ' it f" '"V"?/ '"^ °^ '^^"^P^'"^ ^^ -"derate 

 warmth. It ,s even faid to be influenced in its pro<.rcfs. 

 wherever It IS endemial, in exad proportion to the degree 



eftabSjl "V'^^Kr ^^ '^' ''ygromrter. Thefe fafts^arc 

 el abhilied by the obfervat.on of Mcffrs. Fodere and Villars 

 after numerous and varied experiments. 



has bee'n nff '' 7"'^' ^"^"'"^'^ '" '^= explanation which 

 eafe or rf K ''^^P^'^'^g/he proximate eaufe of this dif- 

 ea e or the phenomena of which it confifts. The thyroid 



been afcertaS^^'; M '■ ^''' '^' "^" °^ "'^ ^^roid gland 



that ,t thereby becomes expanded, or tumefied ; that^its fe! 



cretory 



