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Bronze, in Painting, denotes a colour prepared by the 

 colourmen of Paris, in ini't uion of bronze. There are two 

 forts of it, the red and the yellow, or golden : the latter, 

 the yellow, is made iolely of the fineft nnd brighteft copper- 

 dull that can be had ; and in the former there is only added 

 a fmall quantity of red ochre, well pulverifed. They arc 

 both applied with varnifh, and, to prevent its turning 

 greenidi, the work is dried over a chaffing-dilh, as foon as 

 bronzed. 



BRONZERIUS, John-Jerom, in Biography, was born 

 of wealthy parents, in a fmall town in the Venetian territory, 

 in 1577. After making great progrefs in the iludy of the belles 

 lettrcs, philofophy, and aftronomy, he was fent to Padua, 

 where he was initiated into the knowledge of medicine and 

 anatomy, and in 1597, was made doftor. He now went to 

 Venice, where he praftifed medicine to the time of liis 

 death, in l6jO. His publications are, " De innato ca- 

 lido, et naturali fpiritu, in quo pro veritatc rci Galeni 

 doftrina defenditur," 1626, 4to.; " Difpntatio de Princi- 

 patu Hepatisex Anatome Lampttrae," Patav. 410. Though 

 from dilTedling the liver of this animal he was fatistied the 

 blood did not acquire its red colour there, yet he did not 

 chufe to oppofe the doftrine of Galen. His obfervation, 

 however, was probably not loft, but led the way to a mere 

 complete difcovery of the faA, by fubfequent anatomifts. 

 " De Principio Effeftivo Semini Infito." Haller. Bib. 

 Anat. 



BRONZES. Thus Antiquarians denominate figures of 

 men or beafls, urns, and every piece of fculpture, which 

 the ancients made of the above metal. Statues, bufts, &c. 

 cafl; of this metal, are called by this name, whether they be 

 originals or copies. 



BRONZING is the art of imitating bronze. SeeBRONZE, 

 in Painting. 



BRONZING, in Biography. See Allori. 

 Bronzino, Agnolo, a painter of hiftory and portraits, 

 was born at Florence, in ijii, and became the difciple of 

 Puntormo, with whom he continued for feveral years, and 

 whofe ftyle he acquired to fuch a degree that the paintings 

 of one and of the other could not be readily diftiuguilTied. 

 His extraordinary abilities are fufficiently evinced in all his 

 performances. Among otbers, at Florence, a " Nativity" 

 is mentioned as incomparable ; and alfo a " Venus," 

 embracirjg Cupid, attended on one fide by mirthful loves, 

 and on the other by jealoufy, fraud, and other paffions, alle- 

 " gorically reprcfented. The compofition and finiihing in 

 both thefe are highly extolled. As his mafter, Puntormo, 

 died before he had finiftied the chapel of St. Lorenzo, at 

 Florence, the duke appointed Bronzino to complete it. 

 Bronzino alfo dillinguifhed himfclf in the painting of por- 

 traits ; particularly thofe of Andrea Doria, Dante, Boccacc, 

 and Petrarch, and of all the illuttrious perfons of the houfe 

 of Medici. His works at Florence, Pcfaro, and Pifa, bear 

 lafting teftimony to his merit ; nor was he lefs refpefted 

 and eilcemed for his amiable qualities than for his profeffional 

 • talerits. His rallc of deiljin was grand ; his pencil neat, but 

 free ; his colouring rcftnibled that of Puntormo ; and in his 

 draperies he imitated the manner of Michael Angclo liuona- 

 roti. He died in 1580. Pilkington. 



BRONZOLO, in Geography, a town of Germany, in 

 the country of Tyrol, feated on the Adige ; 5 miles S. of 

 Bolzano. 



BROOD, the young of fifli and fowls. 

 The word is derived from the Saxon Ireclan, to breed ; 

 which alludes XaBfvui, to be big nvlth young. The word is alfo 

 ufed for a fet of any young. In which Icnfe we fay, a brood 



VOL.V. 



B R O 



of vipers, a brood of oyfters. A brood of pheafants is more 

 properly called an eye. Phil. Tranf. N" 369. 



Brood of fea-filh is fpawned, and lies in dill waters, where 

 it may have reft to receive nouriflunent, and grow to perfec- 

 tion. And here it is often deftroy^d by weirs, draw-nets, 

 and nets with canva-s or like engines in the bottoms of them; 

 in harbours, havens, and creeks. — Every weir near the main 

 fea takes, in twelve hours, fometimes five bufiiels, fojr.c- 

 times ten, fometimes twenty or thirty. For the preventing 

 hereof, by 3 Jac. I. cap. t2. it is enaded, that none Ihall 

 credt a weir, or weirs, along the fca-lhorc, or in any haven, 

 or creek, er within five miles of the mouth of any havui or 

 creek, or fti;ill willingly deftroy the fpawn or fry of fifn, on 

 pain of io\. to be divided betwixt the king and the profe- 

 cutor. Neither fliall any one filh in any of the faid places, 

 with any net of a lefs me(h than three inches and a half be- 

 twixt knot and knot (except for the taking fmoulds in Nor- 

 folk only), or with a canvas net, or other engine, whereby 

 the fpawn or fry of filh may be deftroyed ; on pain to forfeit 

 the faid engine or net, and los. in money, to be divided be- 

 twixt the poor of the p.uifii and the profccntor. 



Brood, or Brood co??;^, called by the French couvain, 

 is that part of the comb of a bee-hive, which contains in its 

 cells the future progeny of the hive, in the three different 

 ttates of eggs, worms, and nymphs. See Bee, and Oueen- 

 bee. . ^ 



BROODING, the aft of a hen, or other bird, fitting on 

 a number of eggs, to keep them warm, till they hatch, or 

 produce young ones. See Hatching. 



BROOK, a hctle river or fmall current of water. A 

 brook is fometimes diftinguifhed from a river by the latter 

 flowing continually, and the former only occafionally. 



BROOKE, Sir Robert, in Biography, an eminent lawyer 

 of the l6th century, was born at Claverly, in Shropfhire, 

 educated at Oxford, and from thence removed to the Mid- 

 dle-Temple. In 1^52, he was called to be ferjeant at law ; 

 and in ijjj, appointed lord chief juftice of the common 

 pleas ; about which time he was knighted. He died in 

 1558, leaving behind him the reputation of great flcill in his 

 profcflion, and of integrity in the exercife of it, both at the 

 bar and on the bench. His works ate " An Abrijjgment, 

 containing an Abftrad of the Year-books, till the time of 

 Queen Mary;" " Certain Cafes adjudged in the times of 

 Henry VIII., Edward VI., and queen Maiy, from the 6th 

 of Henry VIII. to the 4th of queen Mary," and " Read- 

 ing on the Statute of Limitations, made 5 2d Henry VIII, 

 cap. 2." 



Brooke, Henry, an ingenious author in polite liters, 

 ture, was the fon of a clergyman, and born in Ireland in 

 1706. Having commenced his education under Dr. Sheri- 

 dan, and profecuted it in Dublin college, he removed to the 

 Temple ; where his lively genius and agreeable temper con- 

 ciliated the cfteem and attachment of many friends. After 

 his return to Ireland, he privately married his coufin, an 

 amiable young lady, at a very early age, of whom he was 

 appointed guardian, and lived for fome time in domeftic re- 

 tirement ; but hisincreafing family obliged him to exert his 

 abilities for their fupport. With this view he came over 

 to London, and, as it is faid, under the eye of Pope, w^rote 

 his philofophical poem of " Univerfal Beauty," in i";^-. 

 He returned again to Ireland, and engaged in the praftice of 

 the law ; but his predominant defire of acqiiirinc; diftinfiion iti 

 poetry and elegant literature induced him again to viiit Lon- 

 don, where he produced a tragedy, entitled " GuftavusVafa," 

 and containing fentiments of liberty fo ft VDngly exprefTed, that 

 government prohibited its public exhibition at the tlieatr, s. 

 This oppofition excited an enthufiailic ardour among his 

 3 C friends 



