B R U 



B R U 



Sfam. filaments four, infcrted into the receptacle on the 

 outfide of the divifions of the neftary, thread-fliaptd, 

 thicker towards the fumnilt, rather (harp, a little (horter than 

 the petaU ; anthers none. PI//- germs four, inperior, ovate, 

 conipixfled on the inner fide ; llyles avvl-fliaped, reflexed, in- 

 cnnilKiit on the germens ; iligmas fliarp. Pcv'icarfi unknown 

 (Sehrcb.); capfnles four (L'Heretier). 6'r'ti/j- iiiigle. 



Efll-n. Char. Cal. four-cleft. Cor. four-petalled. Peric. 

 four, one-feeded. 



Species. B.ferru^inea, L'Heretier; antiJyfcnterica, Bruce. 

 (Bruce, V.6y. L'Heretier, PI. lo. La Marek, PI. 8jo.) 

 A fhrub of tlie middling fize. Stan upright. Branches few, 

 alternate, fprcading, ftraiglit, leafy at tiie fiunniit, v.'ith 

 bruad fears below left by the fallen leaves. Leaivs crowded, 

 crowning the extremity of the branch ; lower ones pendent, 

 a foot long, unequally pinnated, on round, tomcntufe, ru- 

 fous petioles. Lcojlets eleven or thirteen, on ihoit petioles, 

 oblong-ovate, entire, acuminate, veined, villous, iijijlfs of 

 flowers axillary, linear, tomentofe, nearly as long as the 

 leaves. Floivcrs on the common peduncle wliorled in fliort 

 fpikclcts or bunches, of an herbaceous colour tinged with 

 red or ruffet. 



The male plant began to flower in the ftove of the Paris 

 botanic garden, in May and June, 17S0 or 1781, when it 

 was between two and three feet high. The female plant 

 lias flowered in the royal garden at Kew, whv:re it was intro- 

 duced in 1775. The root is ufed in Abylhiiia as a fpecific 

 in the dyfentery. It is a plain, fimple bitter, without any 

 refinous or aromatic tallc. 



Obf. The figure in Bruce's Travels is monoecious. 

 BRUCH, or Broich, in GnograJiLy, a figniory of Ger- 

 many, in the circle of Weftphalia, and duchy oi Berg, about 

 4 leagues in circuit, deriving i:s name from a callle, 4 miles 

 E. of Duifburg. 



BRUCH, a town of France, in the depa'-tment of the 

 Lot and Garonne, and dillrict oi Nerac; 5 miles N. N. E. 

 of Nerac. 



BRUCHHAUSEN, a town of Germany, in the circle 

 of Wellphalia, and county of Hova ; ^ mllcs W. of Hoya. 



BRUCHIUM, in Jiirlent Geography. See Alexan- 

 dria. 



BRUCHSAL, in Geography, a pretty fmall town of Ger- 

 many, in the circle of tlic Upper Rhine, and bifliopric of 

 Spire, feated on the Salza ; where the billiop has a liandfome 

 palace, and an arfenal ; 1 1 miles S. E. of Spire, and 5 miles 

 S. E. of Philipfburg. Li its vicinity is a very large falt- 

 work ; and the furro\inding country has many fpaci- 

 ous forefts, which, however, are intcrfedled by Icveral well 

 cultivated vales. Theff; woods, the timber of which is 

 carried to Holland by the Rliine, conilitute the principal 

 revenue of the courts of Spire and Carlirugh. 



BRUCHUS, in Entonwlogy, a genus of Coleopterous 

 infects, witli filiform antennx, equal filiform feelers, and 

 acuminated lip. Gmel. 'Phe fptcies of this genus are pifi, 

 umbeliataium, robiiiiie, gibbufus, fcabrofus, clathratus, ca- 

 cao, undatus, theobrumatis, marginalis, caiiahs, bipundtatus, 

 varius, gleditfchite, fpiiiofus, bafiris, rufipes, granarius, cifti, 

 abdominalis, feminarius, maculatus, mimoiic, fcrraticoinis, 

 peftinicornis ; which fee rclpettively — B. abdominalis is a 

 native of Lidia. It is black: abdomen cinereous, and 

 without fpots ; anterior legs teftaccous. Fabricius. 



BRUCIOLI, Antony, in Biography, an Italian writer, 

 was born at Florence, about the clofe of the 13th century ; 

 and having engaged in the confpiracy againll cardinal Julio 

 de Medici, he was obhged to feek refuge in France, whence 

 he returned on the expulfion of the Medici family in ij;27 ; 

 but being fufpeded of hcrefy, on account of the freedom 

 Vol. V. 



with which lie fpoke of monks and piiei^s, he lift Florence 

 in 1529, and repaired to Venice, where, in 1552, he pub- 

 lilhed his Italian verfion of the Bible, which was dedicated 

 to Francis I., king ot France. This veifion was accom- 

 panied with an ample commentary in 7 volumes folio ; con- 

 taining fome Itridures, which excited a fufpicion, that the 

 author had imbibed fome of the principles of the refoimers. 

 Although he pretended that he had traiiflated dirertly fioni 

 the originals, father Simon demoniirated tliat he had little 

 knowledge ot the Hebrew, and tliat he iiad generally iifcd 

 the Latin verfion of Pagninus. His work was condemned 

 by the Catholics, but a])provcd and encouraged by the Re- 

 formers ; feveral editions of it were printed, the lad of which 

 is that of Venice in 1546-4S, 3 vols, folio. Brucioli lived 

 at Venice, without moleilation ; and employed hinifelf in a 

 variety of literary works. Befides Italian traiiflations of 

 Pliny's natural hiilory, and of feveral pieces of Arillotle and 

 Cicero, and editions, with notes, of Petrarch and Boccacio, 

 he "pubhfhed a folio volume of " Dialogues." Aretinc 

 writing to him in 1542, fays, " Are you not fatisfied with 

 having compofed more volumes than you are years old ; and 

 with having fpread your name through the whole world I" 

 He was iiill living in 1554. Nouv. Did. Hift. Gen. 

 Biog. 



BRUCK, in Geography, a town of Germany, in the circle 

 of Franconia, and principality of Culmbach, feated on the 

 Rednitz. 



Bruck, or Brugg, a town of Gennany, jn the arch- 

 duchy of Aullria, fituate on the river Leyta. In the en- 

 virons ot this town afparagus grows fpontaneouHy without 

 culture. It is diftant 25 miles E. from Baden, and 20 

 E. S. E. from Vienna. 



Bruck, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upucr 



Saxony, and deflorate of Saxony; 10 miles S.W. of Potzdaui. 



Bruck, or Pruck, a town of Ciermany, in the circle of 



Bavaria and Uff er I'alatinate ;. iS miles N.N. E. of Ratif- 



bon. Sec Pruck. 



BRUCKENAU, a town of Germany, in the circle of 

 the Upper Rliine, and bifliopric of Fulda ; 14 miles S. of 

 Fulda. 



BRUCKER, John-James, in Biography, a learned Lu- 

 theran clergyman, was born Jan. 2i, 1696, at Auglburg, 

 and educated at Jena, where, in 17 18, he took his degree 

 of mailer of arts. In 1720 he returned to the pkce of his 

 nativity; in 1724 he became retlor at Kafbeueren ; and in 

 1731, he was chofen a member of the Academy of Sciences 

 at Berlin. At Augfburg he was afterwards pallor of St.- 

 Ulric's church, and fenior minifter ; and died there in 1770. 

 Among his works are the following, viz. " Tcntamen In-, 

 trodudlionis in Hilloriam Doftrinx de Ideis," Jena, 1719, 

 4to.; " MeditatioTies phiiofophic^s de falfa virtute exemplo 

 Alexandri magiii ilUiftrata," Ibid. 1720, 4to.; " HiHoria 

 Philofophica Dodrin^ de Ideis," Augfb. 1723, 8vo.; " De 

 Vita et Scriptis CI. Etringeri," Ibid. 1724, 8vo.; " Otium 

 Viiidelicum, five Meletematum Hillorico-pliilorophicorum 

 Triga," Ibid. 1721, 8vo.; " Hilluria Vitx Adoiphoruni 

 Occoiuim," Lipf. 1734, 4to.; " DifTertatio iLpiltoi. de Vita 

 Hier. Wolfii," Ibid. 17.59, 4to.; " De Hoefchelii Meritis 

 in Rem Literariam," Ibid. 1739, 4to.; " Inllitutiones Hif- 

 torix Philofophicx^" Ibid. 1727, Svo. and 175'^, 4to. But 

 the moll important work, to wliich he owes his chief reputa- 

 tion, is his " liiftoria Critica Pnilofophiie," pnblifhed at 

 Lcipfic bet ween tiie years i 742 and i 744, in four large voliinies 

 4to. and re-printed at the fame place in 1767, with large im- 

 provements and additions, in 6 vols. 4to. To Dr. Enfield the 

 Englilh reader is indebted for an excellent abridged tranfla- 

 tion of this co.mprchenfive and learned work, pubhlhed in 

 3 F I79'> 



