B R U 



fupported by four pillaij, which is one of the moft beautiful 

 of the kind in Europe, 5^3 fteps ui height, and furiiifhed 

 with bells and chimes, which play a different tune every 

 quarter of an lionr. On the fide of the great fquare is an 

 edifice ferving as a magazine for cloth, built over a canal, 

 and fo fuUained by pillais.that fmall vtflcls may pnfs under it, 

 in order to crofs the city from tlie canal of Olleiid to that of 

 Ghent. The fquare in which the Wednefday's market is 

 kept, contains feveral walks between rows of trees, and a 

 new guard-houfe in the middle. At Bruges there are feveral 

 fiuc thiirches. The cathedral is dedicated to St. Donat, 

 but tlie church of Notre Dame is the mod beautiful, and 

 its (leeple fcrves as a fea mark for the (hips that are coming 

 to Olleiid ; within it arc two tombs of gilt copper, of ex- 

 Iraordinary magnificence, and the rich vellments of Thomas 

 a Becket, adorned with precious ftoncs. In the high altar 

 in the cathedral is a pidure by Segers, viz. " The Adora- 

 tion of the Magi," which is confidered by fir jofhua Rey- 

 nolds as one of the bell of that painter's works ; and in the 

 farritly is a picture by Jean Van Eyck, of the " Virgin and 

 Cliild, with St. George, and the other faints." Befides 

 the cathedral and two collegiate churches, there are five 

 parifh churches, 14 chapels, and 12 convents for men and 

 women. Bruges has aifo feveral alms-houfes and fchools, 

 and it is dillinguiflied by the provifion which it affords for 

 widows and orphans. There are Hill remaining 17 palaces 

 or houfes, that were the ancient habitations of fo many con- 

 fuls of trade. The magiilracy of Bruges is compofed of two 

 burgo-maftcrs, 1 2 echevins, 1 2 counfellors, 6 penfionaries, 

 and twogrtffiers. This city, which is but indifferently forti- 

 fied, was unfuccefsfully bombarded by the Dutch, July 4, 

 1704; in 170'; it fubmitted to the allies, after the bat- 

 tle of Ramilies ; in 170S it was invelled by the French 

 and obliged to furrcndcr; in 1709 the allies re-entered 

 it, by virtue of a capitulation figned on the capture of 

 Ghent, Dec. .50, 1709; and on the 24th of July, 1794, 

 the magillrates opened the gates to the French troops, and 

 figned a formal fubmiffion to the French republic. Bruges 

 in Smiles E. of Oftend, 24 N. W. of Ghent, and 46 W. 

 of Antwerp. N. lat. 51° 15'. E. long. 3° 15'. 



BRUGG, or Bruck, a town of Swilferland, in the can- 

 ton of Argow, feattd on the river Aar. It formerly be- 

 longed to the counts of Hapfburg, of the houfe of Aullria ; 

 tlie inhabitants embraced the proteftant religion in 1529. 

 N. lat. 47° 23'. E. long. 8° 5'. 



BRUGGEN, a town of Germany, in the circle of 

 Lower Saxony, and bifhopric of HildcdK-im, on the eall 

 fide of th« lieine ; 4 leagues S.W. from Hildedieim. 



Bruocen, or Bruci, a town of Germany, in the circle 

 of Wellphaha, and duchy of Juliers, on the Schwalm ; 6 

 miles N. E. of Rurerru)nd. On the 2d of March, 1793, ^ 

 battle was fought near this town, between the Pruffians, un- 

 der the command of prince Fredtrick of Brunfwick, and the 

 French, in which the latter were defeated, with the lofs of 

 l3.->0 killed and 700 prifouers. 



BRUGHAN, a river of North Wales, which runs into 

 the Severn, about 2 miles above JLlanydlos, in the county 

 of Montgomery. 



BRUGIIAT, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Allier, and dillrid of Gannat ; 2^ leagues E. of Gan- 

 iiat. 



BRUGNETTO, a town of Genoa, fituate at the foot 

 of the Apennines ; the fee of a bilhop, fuffragan of Genoa ; 

 35 miles E. S. E. of Genoa. 



BRUGUIERA, in Bolanj, (named in honour of Bru- 

 gierc, the well-known Frencli botanill,) a new genus, formed 

 by La Marck, for a plant plactd by Linnzus in the genus 



B R U 



Rhizophora, to which it is clofely allied, tut -differs in 

 having a polygonous fruit. La Marck Illuft. PI. 397. 

 Bofc. Clafs, doiltcanJiin monogynia. Nat. Ord. Holeraces. 

 Caprifolia, Juff. Gen. Char. Cal. one-leaved, open, per- 

 manent ; fegments ten or twelve, linear, acuminate, keeled 

 without, channelled within, a little flefliy. Cor. petals ten 

 or twelve, oblong, bifid at the fummit, pointed, folded 

 together lengthways fo as to appear in fome degree bivalved, 

 ciliated, villous at the bafe, (horter than the fegments of tli-; 

 calyx and alternating with tliem. Shmi. from twenty to 

 twenty-two ; filaments attached by pairs to the bafe of each 

 petal, and enclofed within its fold ; anthers upright, oblong. 

 Pifl. germ inferior, ilyle triangular ; lligmas three. Fruit, 

 confiding at firlt of a capfule, which is femi-inferior, ter- 

 minated by the permanent fl.yle, one-celled, one-feeded, 

 formed in fome degree out of the calyx : but when the 

 feed contained in the capfule is come to maturity, its 

 fummit is prolonged into a nearly cyhndrical body, a little 

 angular, furrowed, with a blunt point, vfi-y fmooth and 

 (liining, and from four or five inches to a foot long. This 

 appearance is no other than the germination of tlie feed ; 

 and the prolongation is the radicle of the embryo plant, 

 which having by its weight detached the feed from the 

 capfule, fixes itfelf in the mud, into which it has fallen 

 perpendicularly, in confequence of the capfule's having 

 changed its original upright for a pendent pofit'on. This 

 mode of germination is common alfo to all the fpecies of the 

 true Rhizophora. Eff. Ch. Calyx fuperior, divided into 

 ten or twelve fegraento ; petals ten or twelve, doubled, 

 bearing the ilamens ; ftamens from twenty to twenty-two. 

 Style, one ; capfule one-feeded. 



Spec. B. gymnorhiza, " Leaves ovate-lanceolate, root 

 above ground." Linn. ; a fpecific character formed to 

 dillinguifh it from the different fpecies of Rhizophora. A 

 tree about ten or twelve feet high. Trunk commonly 

 crooked, covered with a thick, brown, rugged, cracked 

 bark. Branches very numerous, extending in all directions, 

 the lower ones throwing out naked flexible (hoots, which 

 ftrike into the earth, and, like the fig-tree of Bengal, produce 

 new trunks, fo that it is often difficult to determine the 

 parent flock ; the whole forming by the intermixture of the 

 branches an impenetrable thicket. Leaves oppofite, de- 

 cuffate, ovate, acuminate, fmooth, very entire, on iTiort 

 petioles. Flowers folitary, axillary or lateral, greenilh yel- 

 low, pendent. A native of the banks of falt-water rivers, 

 and on the fea-(liore in the Eaft Indies. See Ray. Hilt. 

 Plant, and Savigny in Encyclopedic Methodique, under 

 Palctuvier. 



BRUGUIERE, John, in Biography, a phyfician of 

 Montpellier, founded a college for the maintenance and 

 inlbuclion of two young men, to be brought up to the 

 praclice of medieine, and dying without children in 1452, 

 he le.'t 800 ecus d'or, to purchafe a piece of land, the rent 

 of which was to be appropriated to the fupport of his 

 i;i(titution, to which he alio left his library. Aflruc. 

 Mem. pour fervir a I'Hill de la faculte de Med. de 

 Montp. 



Bruguiere, La, in Geography, a town of France, in the 

 department ot the Tarn, and ctiief place of a canton, in the 

 dillrid of Cadres, li league S. of Cadres; the place 

 contains 3929, and the canton 6S96 inhabitants; the territory 

 comprehends 137^ kiliometres and 7 communes. 



Bruguieres, a town of France, in the deparment of 

 the Upper Garonne, and chief place of a canton, in the 

 didrift of Touloufe ; 3 leagues N. of Touloufe. 



BRUHESIUS, Peter, or Peter van Bruhezen, 

 in Biography, a phyfician of Brabant, born the eatly pait of 



the 



