B R U 



tT<i\\rg, on a new plan, a dome for the cadieJral of St. 

 Maria del Fiore at Florence, he remaiiKtl in Rome, after llie 

 departure of his friend, in order to qualify hinifelf for this 

 undtrtuking. As in his youth he iiad been itiitiatcd into 

 the bufiiiel's of a goldi'niith, he now found his knowledge ufe- 

 ful in procuring a maintenance by fetiing jewels tor the gold- 

 fmilhs. In J 407 ficknefs obliged him to return to Flo- 

 rence ; and at this time the Florentines had convoked an 

 aflembly of architeds and engineers to deliberate on the 

 completion of the cathedral. liruniUefchi gave his opinion 

 uud then returned to Rome. Many plans were propofed for 

 ertfting the propofed dome ; but BruniUefchi was fingular 

 in alTcrtinij that a 4uublc dome might be raifed to a fufficient 

 height, without that imnicnfe mafs of timber-work which 

 others had ihmight to be ncceffary. Having communicated 

 his dcfigns, he engaged the conSdeiice of the magillrates, 

 and he was employed in the execution of the work. He 

 proceeded in it with avdour, and lived to complete the dome 

 as far as the lantern ; carrying ic to fuch a height, and exc- 

 tutir;; it with fuch beauty, as alloniflicd the whole country. 

 Such indeed was the beauty with which it v.-as executed, 

 that Michael Angelo afterwards f;i!d, it would be very diiti- 

 cull to imitate, and perhaps impoflible to I'urpafs it. Bruuel- 

 lefchi was employed by Cofmo the Great in building the ab- 

 bey of canons regular at Fefoli, and in forming for him the 

 model of a palace, which his pruderceand moderation would 

 not allow him to execute. But as Cofmo preferred the more 

 humble plan of Michclozzi, Bruntllefchi was fo indignant 

 that he dtftroyed his model, though its fuperiority was ac- 

 knowledged by Cofmo. He afterwards undertook the con- 

 ttruiiion of the Pitti palace, and carried it up to the fecoiid 

 llory ; but the completion of it, alter his death, was the 

 work of .\mmanati. The church ot St. Lortnzo in Flo- 

 rence was almoil entirely the work of Brunellefchi. He was 

 no lefs Hvilled in mihtary, than in civil architeflure ; and in 

 this department, he gave to the duke of Milan the plan of a 

 fortrefs fur his capital ; and he alfo contrived the two cita- 

 dels of Pifa, and' other fortifications in that part of Italy. 

 As a civil engineer, he was employed in 1445, by the mar- 

 quis of Mantua in conftrufting dykes for reilr;iining the Po 

 to its bed ; and foon after the completion of this work, he 

 died at the age of 6g, much regretted by his brother-artifts, 

 and more fo by the poor, to whom he was a fathtr. His 

 merit was more generally acknowledged after his death than 

 during his life ; for he had the mortitlcation of feeing feveral 

 of his undertakings left unfinilhed for want of doe encourage- 

 ment. Brunellefchi was alfo a cultivator of Italian poetry, 

 and fome of his burlcfque verfeshave been printed along with 

 thofe of Biirchiello. D'Argenville. Tirabofchi. 



BRUNELLLA., in Botany. Clafs, dodecandna prntagy- 

 nia. Gen. Char. Calyx with five ovate fegments, perma- 

 nent. Cor. none. Stam. filaments eleven, villous at tlirir bife. 

 Neci. eleven permanent glands, alternating with the ilnmens. 

 Pijl. germs five, fuptrior ; llyles tubular ; ftigmas fimple. 

 Peric. capfules five, difpofed in the form of a liar, ob'ong, 

 pointed, one-celled, one-valved, opening lengthways. -Seeds 

 two, pedicelled, inclofed in an arill. Two trees of this ge- 

 nus are figured in the Flor. Peru v. pi. 12. Bofc. 



BRUNET, in Ornithology, the name afiigned by Buffon 

 to Frin/il/a pecor'u, which fee. Thus alfo Brunei du Cap de 

 Bonne Efp:rance, Buff, is turdtis capenfis, which fee. 



Brunet, in Geography, a fmall ifland near tlie fouth 

 toad of Newfoundland, at the entrance into Fortune bay. 

 N.!at.47' ij'- W. long. 55° 4'. 



Brukf.t, Cape, is the fouth point of the entrance into 

 the baj of Arcaffon, on the weft coaft of. France, from 



B R U 



which a tail (Iretches off towards the fea, in the direflion of 

 W.S.W. 



BRUNETTE, I.a, a ftrong and well-ganifoncd fortref* 

 of Piedmont, near Sula, commanding two vailies. By an 

 article in the peace concluded between the French and tl'.e 

 king of Sardinia, in April 179O, this fortrefs was to be dif- 

 mantled. 



BRIJNFELSIA, in Botany (named by Plumier fiom 

 Otto Brunfclfius of Mentz, who publilhed the firft good 

 figures of plants in i,5JO, and died in 1534). Linn. 260. 

 Reich. 281. Schreb. 1013. Willden. 1151. Juff. 127. 

 La Marck. Bofc. Clafs, pentainhia momigynia, I^in:;xu3, 

 Reichard, and Bofc ; d'ulynamm an;A<ifpertr.u! ■ Cnuli'i, Schre- 

 ber, Willdenow, and La Marck. Nat. Ord. Pcrfinala — S^- 

 lunes. JuflV Gen. Ciiar. Ccd. one-leai'cd, beli-lhaped, five- 

 toothed, obtufe, very fmall, permanent. Cor, one-pctallcd, 

 funnel-lhaped ; tube very long, flightly cl rved inwards ; 

 border flat, with five blunt, nearly equal lubes. Stam. fila- 

 ments four, very fiiort ; anthers two, a littl; higher th.in the 

 others, prominent from the mouth of the tube (a fifth fila- 

 ment very fniall, abor'ive, JulT. & Bofc.) P't/l. germ 

 ronndiih, fmall ; ftylc thread Ihaped, the length of the tube ; 

 lligrr.a rather thick. Pericarp, a berry, Linn. Swartz, 

 Jufl'. La Marck, Bofc ; a caplule berried on the outfide, 

 one-celled, two-valved, opening by a dillinft future from the 

 fummit to the bafe, Schreb. Willd. Martyn. Seeds many, 

 comprelTcd, convex on one lide, angular on the other, rug- 

 ged, with little points. 



Eff. Char. Calxx five-toothed, narrow ; tube 'of the co- 

 rolla very long; capfule one-celled, many-feeded, with a 

 large fielhy receptacle. 



Sp. I. B. Americar.a, Linn, trumpet-flower. (La Marck 

 lUull. PI. '■jT-S.) " Leaves elliptic, acuminate, on longilh 

 petioles ; tube of the corolla erecl ; lobes of the border en- 

 tire." Svvartz. A tree of a moderate fize. Trunk, the 

 thic.knefs of the human body. Branches looff. Lcuves al- 

 ternate, very entire, narrowed towards the bafe, fmooth. 

 Floioers growing three or four together. at the ends of the 

 branches. Tuue of a pale colour, fprinkled with violet fpots ; 

 border at firit very white, at length pale yellow. Fruit 

 nearly fpherical, a little larger than a nut, of an orange co- 

 lour, containing numeroiis ruffet feeds placed between the 

 external covenng and a flcfhy fucculent fubitauce which oc- 

 cupies all the infide. La MrfVck. A native of Ja-raica, Mat- 

 tinico, and other Well Indian ifla-.'.d^-. Cultivptrd by Mr. 

 Miller, in 1739. 2. B. imduiata. " I^eaves lanceolate- 

 ovate, drawn to a point at both ends ; petioles very fliort ; 

 tube of the corolla curved ; border waved." Swartz. A na- 

 tive alfo of Jama'ca, &c. 



Ohf, Sclirebev's defcription of the receptacle n-t being re- 

 concileable with La Marck's, and not being in; itfeif \ci-y 

 intelligible, has been omitted. 



Both thtfe fpecies may be raifed in the fpring, either from 

 feeds or cuttings, and {hould be treated like other tropical 

 plants. In fummer they fhould have ir.uch frclh air ; but 

 in wniter mull be kept clofe. With proper management 

 they will produce flowirs cvciy feafon in June and July. 



BRUNI, Leonard, in Biography. See AaETiNO. 



BRUNIA, in Botany, (from Cornelius Brun, the cele- 

 brated traveller). Linn. 274. Px.cich. 293. Schreb. 376. 

 Jufl". ,j8i, Gasrt. 152. PI. 30. Willd. 42S. Ventenat, 

 vol. iii. p. 474. A genus formed by Linnxus for feveral 

 flirubby plants, which have fome refemblance in habit to 

 erica and protea, and are alhed in their mode of inflortfcence 

 to Jlatice ; but its diftinguKhing charafters were not accu- 

 rately fixed : for Linnius afterwards feparated from it two 



of 



