B R U 



B R U 



of the original fpecies, annexing one to iTiofitta, and tlie 

 other to /To/fa, and adniitttd an additional one, which lie 

 had formerly referred \.o phyficii. Reichard was fenfible that 

 the fpecies of Linnasns differ from each other in the number 

 of flyles and fituation of the germ, but left them as he found 

 them. GsEitner alfo obferved, that the genus (lood in need of 

 a thorough invcfligation ; and that the plants with an inferior 

 ought to be feparated from thcfe which have a fiiperior 

 germ. In conformity with this idea, Schreber formed a 

 new genus for the former, with the additional characters of 

 two ilyles, cither quite feparatc, or joined together, and fila- 

 ments iaferted on the calyx. Tiiis genus he culled L-v'ifan::! ; 

 but in honour of one of Ijinnceus's diiciples, it has fince been 

 mvnzijiciavla. The clfcntlal charaScr of bnw'ui, as it (lands 

 in Schreber, confifts of a fupcrior germ, fingle Ityle, and fta- 

 mens inferted on the claws of the petals. But the confufion 

 was not yet completely removed ; for two of the fpecies 

 with a fuperior germ have decidedly two ftylcs. It was 

 therefore neceflary either to divide the original genus into 

 three, or to allow to irtai'a a greater latitude with relpeA 

 to the ftyle. The latter has been preferred by the prelent 

 French botanifts, except La Marck ; and we do not hefitate 

 to adopt Ventenat's generic charafter of intnia, efpecially 

 as it correfponds with WillJenow's difpofition of the ipccies, 

 though the eflential characters of brimla and flaavia in the 

 German author are both ei-roneons. We ihall only add, 

 that fome obfcurity neverthelefs muft remain, till we have 

 new and accurate detailed defcriptions of all the fpecies 

 taken from recent and complete fpecimtiis. Gen. Char. 

 Receptacle common, chaffy. CnlyK common, many-leaved. 

 Cal. proper, inferior, with five fegments. Pelsls five, elon- 

 gate, upright, clawed. Statu, five, attached to the claws of 

 the petals. P'Jl- germ fuperior; ftyle fingle or double; 

 iligmas two. Pericarp, a dry ovate drupe, containing a 

 hard, two-celled nut, with but few feeds. 



EfT. Char. Stamens on the claws of the petals ; germ fu- 

 perior. Pericarp, a dry, two-celled drupe. 



Species, I. B. nor/i/Iora, Linn. (La Marck, Illuft. PI, 126.) 

 " Leaves three-fided, curved inwards ; heads of (lowers ter- 

 minal, on the lateral branches." Thun. A branched, ever- 

 green underihrtib. Leaves very fmall, pointed, upright, 

 clofely imbricated, forming in the fltnder branches five longi- 

 tudiiial, fomcvvhat fpiral, angles. Heat's ofjloivers whitilh, 

 about the fize of a fm«ll cherry. Stjks two. 2. .^. paha- 

 cea, Linn. " Leaves tliree-lided, upright, clofely prcfl'ed 

 to the ftem ; heads corymbofe, chaffy ; chaff longer than 

 the flowers." Willd. Similar to the foregoing. Leaves 

 fma'ler. Heads of Jlotuers manyt panicled. Reeeptitcle vil- 

 lous. Styles two. 3. B. laimginafa. Linn. " Leaves linear, 

 very flender, fpreading, fmocth ; heads of flowers globular, 

 fmoothifh, aggregate, terminal." La Marck. Little 

 branches reticulated, with a wordily fubltance, in the manner 

 of a fpider's web, whence the trivial name. Leaves nume- 

 rous, very fmall, fniooth, tipped with a black point. Heads 

 ofjloivers white, fm;:ll, fmooth, numerous. Bergius fays, 

 that the germ is inferior ; but it appeared to La Marck in a 

 dried fpecimen to be fuperior, incorporated with the top- 

 (hapcd bafe of the flower. Style awl-f!ni)ed ; iligma fimple. 

 If Bergius (liould prove to be right, and if, as the fimple 

 fligma Icems to indicate, tlie fruit ihouldbe found one-celled, 

 it muft be removed to Jlaavia. 4. B. nbrotanuidrs, Linn. 

 " Leaves linear lanceolate, fpreadinj, with three fiat lides, 

 callous at the points." Linn. A much branched u'.;der- 

 flirub, about a foot and half high. L,eav.-t frmoth, rounded. 

 Heads of poivers I'^inall, fmooth, termiiiajing, many together, 

 difpofed fomewhat in the form of an umbel. Style one, 

 emarginate. 5. B. verticdtata, Lir.n. iiui. " Leaves with 

 Vol. V. 



three flat fides, obtufe, fmooth ; little branches whorled, 

 fadigiate; heads terminating." Linn.jnn. Heads not globu- 

 lar. 6. Ty.fiperba. Willd. " Leaves with three flat fides, 

 thread fliapcd, with cslious points, fprcading, ciliate-villous." 

 Willd. " Edges of the leaves thitdy ciliated with long hairs. 

 7. JS.fragar.oides, Willd. " Leaves with three fiat fides, 

 prclTed to the item ; the edges and the midrib thickly cilia- 

 ted." Willd. Thefc two are inferted from their habit ; the 

 tiowers not being known. 8. 15. ciliala, I^inn. " Leavis 

 ovate, acuminate, ciliate," Linn. Style bifid. All the 

 fp.-cies are natives of Southern Africa. 



Ohferv. La Marck, in th.e letter- prcfs to his plates, has 

 retained all the fpecies under Irunia ; and, in contradie'lion 

 to his own defcriptions publlfhed fomc time before in the al- 

 phabetical part, lias made a fuperior calyx part of its eflen- 

 tial charsfVer. The germ of B. nodijlcra, he now fays, is 

 certainly inferior ; and it muft be confefT-jd, that he is in 

 fome degree fupportcd by the high authority of G.L-rtner, 

 who has figured tiie fruit of this fpecies, and calls it femi- 

 iiiferior : but through a ftrange inattention in the cffential 

 charafter, he defcribes the fruit as a capfule ; in the general 

 one, as a dry berry. He divides the genus into two fami- 

 lies : I. With globular heads of flov\ers de'litutc of leaves, 

 comprifing the fpecies d^fcribed above, except the two intro- 

 duced by VVilldenow, and the ciliata of Linnxus, which he 

 appears to have dif^arded. 2. With heads furroundtd by a 

 lengthened, coloured calyx, forming a kind of involucre. 

 This family confills of the two fpecies, which have been re- 

 ferred to flaavia. 



Profell'or Martyn has inferted under irunia, only the lanu- 

 giuofa, ciliata, and verticillata ; afiigning to lev'fanus, the 

 nodiflora, paleacea, and alrotanoides, as well as the radiata, 

 and glutiuofa, which conllitute the _fiaavia of Willdcnow, 

 Ventinat, and Rofe. See Staavia. 



Brunia levifanus. See Protea Levifimi:. 

 Br UN I A unfflora. See Diosma Cuprejjlna. 

 BllUNIQUEL, in Geography, a town of France, in the 

 department ot the Lot, and dillrid of Montauban ; S leagues 

 S.S E. of Cahors. 



BRUNN, John-James, in Biography, was bom at Bade 

 in the rear 1591. Applying to the ftudy of medicine, he 

 was admitted to the dci^ree of dodlor in that faculty in 1611; ; 

 and in liicceffion was advanced to the rarik of profcffvir in 

 anatomy, botany, and in the practice of medicine. To t!ie 

 laft he was appointed in the year 15^9, and he continued 

 performing the duties of thefe offices to the time of his death, 

 in 1660. His work is " Syllema Materia Medicse, conti- 

 nens Medicamentorum fimpliciuni et comp.>fitorum Seriem sc 

 Sylvam, Methodo .nedendi ac Furmulis Remediornm pix- 

 fcribendis accomu.odatum," Bal. I<'J30, Hvo. The wor.'i 

 has been many times re-publi'l.ed ; and in l63o, with 

 notes, by Gerard Biafius. Hall. Bib. Med. Elov. Dift. 

 Hilt.' 



Brunn, in Geography, a town of Gernnny, in the arch- 

 duchy of Aullria, 4 miles W. of Horn. — Alfo, a tovrn of 

 the fame ai-chdnchy, 8 miles W. of Ebenfunh. 



Bronn, or Briun, a city and royal borough, the (c- 

 cond town m rank, and the firft in commerce, of iMoravia, 

 the capital of a circle of the fame name, fituated at the con- 

 flux of the rivers Schwartfchaw ar-d Surtnwa. Altliough 

 this city is not large, It is well-built and populous ; the num- 

 ber of inhabitanti. being eilimatid at iS,coj. It has confi- 

 derable manufactures of cloth, velvets, and phifli. The 

 diets of the Hate are held here, alternitely with OlmuU'. 

 It is defended'by a ftrong fortrefs called " Spilberg," eree'i- ' 

 cd on an eminence near the town, at the foot of which fland 

 f.vo cloillevs of nu".s, and an hofpital of the knights of 



3 G Malta. " 



