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BRUNNEUM, in Entomology, a fpecic9 of HisT^R, 

 clcTciibed as a Swcilini infetV. The colour ia ferruginous 5 

 W'iniT cafes fmnewliat llriatcd. Linn. 



BRUNNEUS, a fpeciesof Ci'RCUi.io of a large fi7.c, 

 found at the Cape of Good Hope. Tlie general colour is 

 brown; beak fufcous ; wing-cafes teflaccous, and iUxaked 

 V'ith dots. Fabr. Gmel. &<■. 



Brvnneus, a fpccies of Ptisus of a brown colour, 

 with the winpj-cafes very fniooth, witli pubcfcenl l|iix. 

 Linn. Sec. A native of Europe. 



Brunneus, a fpccies of CRVPTOcnpHAi.us, fonnd in 

 Europe, that is dtlcribed by Linnxiis. The colour is 

 brown ; abdomen fufcous ; wing-cafes fmooth. 



Br.uNNEUS, a fpecies of Elatur that inhabits Europe. 

 The tliorax is rufous, in the middle black ; wing-cafts and 

 body ferruginous. Linn. 



Brunneus, a fpecics of Cimex, of an ovate form, and 

 brown colour, e.scept the wings, which are w hite. This is 

 found in Europe, and is defcribed as above by Liniioeus. 



Brunneus, a fptcics of Asilus, tlie thorax of which 

 is cinereo\is, liuealed with black ; abdomen and legs brown, 

 with black fpots. Eabr. Tliis kind is a native of Cayenne. 

 The head is whitidi ; fuout black ; antenns; brown : abdo- 

 men cylindrical ; wings white ; legs at the tips black. 



Brunneus, in Zoulngy, a fpeciesof Coluber of a brown 

 colour, fpotted with white ; abdomen whitilb. Boddacrt. 

 Thio is ferpens cobellas of Scba. 



BRUNNICHAND, in Entomology, a fmall iiifefl of the 

 Tar/z/.v tribe of Phal/ena, named in compliment to I'run- 

 nich. This fpecies which inhabits Germany, and the north 

 of Europe, has the wings of a fufcous colour, with a com- 

 mon rhomboid white fpot on the back. Fabr. 



BRUNNICI-IELLA, a fpecies of Phai.ena of the 

 7///ca tribe, named after Bvunnich. It is of a black colour 

 with three violaceous bands. Vandelli, &c. L-.habits Eu- 

 rope. 



BRUNNIPES, a fpecies of Tenebrio, the fiz.e of 

 which is fmall. It is of a black colour, very fmooth and 

 gloffy ; wing-cafes ftriated ; antennrE and legs ferruginous. 

 Fabr. &c. Inhabits Europe. 



Brunnipes, a fpeciesof Staphylinus of a black co- 

 lour, with the legs and antennas at the bafc and tip ferrugi- 

 nous. Inhabits Europe. 



BRUNNUS, a fpecies of Cerambyx of a brown co- 

 lour; thorax armed with three fpines ; wiug-cafes obtufe, 

 with two obtcure elevated ftriae ; antennas comprelfed and 

 fhort. Inhabits North America. Gmel. &;c. Ohf. Tlie 

 Cerambyx penfylvanicus of Degeer. 



Brunnus, a fpecies of Sphinx, (SefaJ, the wings of 

 which are brown, and without fpots ; pofterior ones cmar- 

 ginate. A native of Surinam. Fabr. 



BRUNO, Giordano, in Biography, a bold innovating 

 philofopher of the 1 6th century, was born at Nola in the 

 kingdom of Naples ; and, thougli he firft entered among 

 the Dominicans, the freedom of his religious opinions ren- 

 dered it expedient for him to feek a refuge at Geneva in 

 1582. But the rigid fyftem of orthodoxy, inculcated by 

 Calvin and Beza, obliged him to leave this city, after a re- 

 fidence in it of two years, and to return to Paris ; where, 

 notwithftanding his oppofition to the Arillotelian philofo- 

 phy, he was allowed, tor fome time, to deliver public lec- 

 tures in the univerfity. In 1586, he defended for three 

 days, at a folemn difputatioii, opinions concerning nature 

 and the world, which he publilhed in ijSS, at Wittembcrg, 

 under the title of " Acrotifmus, feu Rationes Articulorum 

 Phyficorum adverfus Peripattticos Parifiis propofitorum." 

 Before this time, he took a journey to England, and formed 



B R U 



an acquaintance with fir Fulk Greville, and fir Philip Syd- 

 ney, to the latter of whom he dedicated two works. Fioni 

 Paris, he removed to Wittemberg, and made an open profel- 

 lion of Lutheranifm. Aftera temporary rtf.dcnce at Helmf- 

 tadt, and at Frankfort, where he fuperir.tcnSd an edition of 

 his numerous works, printed by John Wechel, he fettled at 

 Padua ; but being arrtfttd, he was fnil confmed in the pri- 

 fon of the inquifition at Venice, and afterwards at Rome. 

 After two years' confinement, he was condemned by the in- 

 quilltorial tribunal, and burnt alive in February 1600. The 

 crimes that have been alledged againll him, were his Luthe- 

 ran hercfy, bis defertiou from the Dominicans, and his athc- 

 illical opinicms Bruno was of a paradoxical turn of mind, 

 and of a confident fanguiue difpofition ; fond of advancing 

 novel and fanciful fentiments, but confufed and obfcure in 

 his method of explaining them. Bayle and La Croze have 

 charged him w^iih founding his philofephy on the principles 

 of Spinoza ; but, in reality, he attempted to unite the an- 

 cient emanativc and atomic fyftems. In his works are 

 found obfcn.re hints of the vortices of Des Cartes, the 

 atoms of GjfTendi, the optimifm of Leibnitz, and the ce- 

 leftial phyfics of Copernicus ; but his fuggeftions on thtfe 

 topics are very darkly and inaccurately exprclTcd ; and he 

 feems to have been more diiUnguifhed by his bold attack of 

 ancient errors, than by his introduftion and cftablifiiment of 

 new truths. One of his moft famous works is '• Spaccio 

 della Beftia triomphante," or the demolition of the trium- 

 phant bead ; Lond. 15H4, a work fatyrizing many received 

 fyilems of religion, and charged with advancing atheiftical 

 opiiiions. Befides feveral philofcpliical and theological writ- 

 inirs, he was tlie author of an Italian comedy in profe, en- 

 tilled " II Candelajo," and of fome Latin poetry. 



Toland'sPulUiumous works', vol. i. Gen. Dift. Brucker's 

 HilV. Philof. by Enfield, vol. ii. Speftator, N° 3S9. vol. v. 



Bruno, a faint of the Roman church, and founder oF 

 the order of Carthufians, was born at Cologne, about the 

 year 1040, and ftudied at Rheims, wherif he became a ca- 

 non and regent of the public fchool. Compelled to leave 

 Rheims by the- tyranny of Manafies, the archbifhop, he de- 

 termined, in icSo, to retire from the world to the defert of 

 Chartrcux, where, in 10S4, he founded his new order. 

 Alter redding in this folitude for 6 years, he was fummoned 

 to Rome by pope Urban II., vi'ho had been his fcholar at 

 Rheims ; but difgufted with the manners of the capital, he 

 withdrew to Calabria ; and declining to accept the arch- 

 bifliopric of Reggio, he obtained from count Roger a foreft, 

 with its adjacent diftrift, named la Torre, near Squillacc, 

 where he founded the fecond houfe of his order. In this 

 retreat he died in lioi; and he was canonized by pope Leo 

 X., in 15^4. His works, which are enuinerafred by Cave, 

 have been confounded with tiiofe of his contemporary St. 

 Bruno of Segni, who flouridud about the year 1087, and 

 died in 1125. The principal trentifcs of Bruno, the Car- 

 thuliau, are a " Commentary on the Pfalms," and another 

 " On St. Paul's Epidlcs," bciides feveral coUeftions of fer- 

 moiis, and two letters to his difciples. A clkdlion of his 

 works was printed at Paris in 1524 and at Cologne in 161 J, 

 J vols. fol. Cave's Hiil. Lit. vol. ii. p. i '^X. 



For an account of the order eftabliihed by Bruno, fee 

 Carthusians. 



Bruno, James Pancrace, born at Altdovf on the 

 3;5U-of January 1629, after receiving a liberal education iu 

 his own country, was fent to Padua, where he was admitted 

 doftor in medicine in 1653. Returning thence, he fettled 

 at Nuremberg, and foon became dillinguiflied for fuperior 

 learning and abilities. In 1662, he was invited to accept 

 the chair of profellor in medicine by the uiijverfity at Al(- 



3 G 2 dor'f, 



