B R U 



B R U 



fairly interpreted, docs not imply tliat brutes have reafon and peror Rodolpli II. He clofcd a wandering liiV, in the 

 reflection, but may be uiiderltc^od of that nacuial iiiftinft courfe of wliieii, iiotwithilaiidnig the patroi\age lie enjoyed, 

 common to man and briires, by wliich they are impelled to he nevi-i- rofe above indigtiice, in Tranfylvania in i ;()/^.. As 



fell-defence, propagation of their fpccies, &c. 



We (hall clofe thi-; article with briefly noticing the fanciful 

 opinion of father Boiigeant, who has laboured to prove, both 

 from reafon and fcriptuve, that the fpirits of brute creatures 

 arc devils. As fo many guilty victims of divine vengcai'ce, 

 they are fentenced to einiure a varietv of evils. By nature, 

 he fays, they are extremely vicious ; but God, by irreco- 

 verably leprabating them, has, at the fame time, divelltd 

 them of their Hbtrty, fo that they can be no longer criminal : 

 an hypothtlis equally abfuid in its principles and in its 

 confeqnences. 



a writer, he had the reputation of learning and merit ; and, 

 thouirli he contemned the affeftation of the Ciceronians, his 

 Latiuity was pure and eUgant. His critical works com- 

 prifed n<itc» on Horace, Csfar, and Cicero ; but his liifto- 

 rical writings are the moll valuable. His Florentine hif- 

 tory, txtending to the death of Lorenzo de Medici, is con- 

 fidtred as one of the fined monuments of the age. It was 

 printed at Lyons in iffiz, under the title of " I'lnrcntins 

 Killoria?, libri viii. priorcs." As it was conformable to tlie 

 political conduct of the houfe of Medici, it was induftrioufiy 

 fnpprefl'ed, ajid few copies of it now remain. His elegant 



BRllTIA, in F.ritomo/o^y, a fpecies of Mutilla that tracl " De Origine Venetiarum," his treatife " i)e Inllau- 



inhabits Calabria. Its character is thus defcribed : colour rationc Italic," and his " Hiflory of Hungary," are prc- 



lilack; thorax rufous ; abdomen with fix filvery white fpots, fervcd in the imperial library at Vienna. Of his fmaller 



snd belt of the fame. Petagn. Inf. Cal. printed work';, comprifing orations, Latin letters, and two 



Brut ia. in the Malicn! il'rilim^s of the ylnai-nls, a term treatifes, one on the manner of lludying hillory, and the other 



\ifed to denote the fattcft and mtiit refmous kinds of pitch, containing conjugal precepts, a new edition was printed at 



and fuch as was the moft proper formakina the oil of pitch, Berlin in l6g8, Hvo. Bayle. Tirabofchi. 

 called "oleum picinum." The term is derived from Bru- BRUTOBRIA, or Brutopolis, in y^w/Vn/ <7f(>f;-jA/,y, 



tia, or Brutium, the name of the country where it was pro- a town of Spain in Bectica, (ituate between the river Bcctis, 



cured. I'lin. N. H. 1. xv. c. 7. and the country of the Tyritani or Tu:ditani. Steph. 



BRUTIAN Fori T, in /Inru'ril Geo^jrnjily, now called Byz. 

 La Sila, an extenfive forc-ft of Brutium or Calabria, which BRIJTON, or BREw^o^^, in Geograpkf^ is a pleafant, 



covered a furfacc of zco miles in circumference ; and from well-built market-town in Somerfetfliire, England, fituated 



which Hicro, king of Syracufc, and after him the Romans, i i ; miles W. from London, and 12 S. from I'Vome, at tlie 



drew their mails and other timber for fhipping. The fame wellern extremity of the forcll of Selwood, and takes its 



forell is ttill covered with large woods of pines or firs ; but name from the river Brew or Brue, wliich rifing in that foreft, 



from thefe cxtenfive woods little benefit is derived, except pafTes through the town in its way to Glaflonbury. The 



in turpentine and fuel. _ furrounding fcenery is extremely interelling : the vales are 



BRUTIUM, one of the two peninfulas of that part of meadows, tlie declivities orchards, and the eminences fliecp- 



Italy, anciently known by the name of Magna Grxcia, walks. Tlic manor was once the property of Sir Maurice 



which extended to the (traits that feparated Sicily from Berkeley, whofe younger fon John, as a reward for his fer- 



Italy ; the other peninfula being called Calabria. Part of vices to the royal caufe, was created by Charles II. lord 



it towards the north is now diflinguilhed by the appellation Berkeley of Stratton. The title became extinft in 17-:', 



of Calabria Citra, and the more foutherly part is denominated and the manor is now in the pofTcfrion of fir Richard C olt 



Calabria Ultra. It was inhabited by the Brutii, who were Hoare, bart. of Stourhead in WiUniire. On this fite was 



flaves of Lucania, that had revolted from their mafters, anciently an abbey, founded by St. Algar, earl of Corn- 



taken up arms, and rendered themfelves independent. Some wall. The town confids principally of five (Ircets, in the 



derive their name from a Lucanian term, denoting " Rebels:" center of which is the market place, where, till lately, ftood 



hut others with greater probability fetk the etymology of a curious old hexagonal market crofs, fupported by fix pii- 



thcir name in the nature and produdious of their foil, lars at the angles, and a larger one in the center. The roof 



Accordingly, as moft of their trees were refinous, they find confided wholly of the ribs of arches, which diverged from 



in the oriental term " Brata," or, as the Syrians write it pillar to pillar, and were finely ornamented with fcuipturc. 



" Bruta," the origin of the appellation Brutii. Calabria, This edifice was eighteen feet high, the top flat, and encom- 



it is likewife alleged, has a finiilar derivation from " Calab," pafTed with a (lone balludrade: it was built, as Leland in- 



fignifying pitch or refin. Their principal rivers were, on forms us, by John Ely, the lad abbot of Brewton. The 



the wed, Lamatis and Metaurus, and on the call, C*cinus, market is on Saturday. In the High-ftreet is a markct- 



Targines, Neoethur and Gratis. Their chief towns, in the houfe, built by a fubfcription of the farmers who frequented 



weft, from north to fouth, were Pandofia, Conventia, Hippo- this market, upon land given them for that purpofe by 



nium, and Rhegiuin ; and, on the eaft, from fouth to north, Hugh Saxcy, efq. who, from a low dation, wa^ advanced to 



Locri, Scylacium, Croton, Petilia, and Rofcianum. - The the pott of auditor to queen Elizabeth. He died in i6zo, 



" Brutium promontorium" was that promontory fince called polfedeJ of feveral manors and eftjtes in the counties of 



" Cabo de SciVio." Somerfet and Gloucefter ; which, iu conformity to his in- 



BRUTO, JoHN-MiCHAFL, in A'd^ra/i/^v, a polite Italian tention, were fettled iu i6j8 on twelve gentlemui of the 



fcholar, was born at Venice about the year 1515 ; and in county for the er.'ftion and endowment of an hoipital here 



the courfe of his vagrant life, he redded for fome time at for the maintenance of old men, women, and boys. The 



Padua, afterwards vifited Florence, I..ucca, and other Italian number now fupported are eight men, ten women, and 



cities, palfed forae years at Lyons in France, and travelled twelve boys ; the latter are boarded, educated, and appreii- 



into England and Spain. In 1574 he accepted an invita- tlced ; and the ageri are comfortably provided for. The 



tion from Stephen Battori, prince of Tranfylvania, by whom annual income belonging to this charity is about ; 500I. 



he was employed in writing the Lidory of that country ; In the court of the h(-fpital is a datue of the founder,"with 



and after his advancement to the crown of Poland, accom- this infcription : — " Hugh Saxcy, cfq. founds r of this liof- 



panied him to Cracow. On the death of this prince, he fpital, auditor to queen Ehzabeth, and king James." There 



removed to Vienna, and became hilloriographer to the cm- is alfo a free-fchool in the town, inditulcd by king Ed- 



3 H 3 ward 



