BUG 



the infide of that (hell, the depreffion of the head of the 

 cockle, whtMc tlie canio or hinge of this fhell is, makes a 

 long and large dent in the fi)rnn;d niafs, uhicli gives it a 

 heart -like (hape. Plott mentions a hriuinlitcs, which he 

 found at Stpetford in StafTordfliire, which weighed twenty 

 pounds, tliough broken half way, curioully reticulated, with 

 a white fpar-coloured llouc. Nat. Hill. Oxf. chap. v. 



§ ur- 



BUCARDIUM, in Conchak-ry, with old authors, a 

 name applied to the bull's heart chama, Chcitna cor ii{ \.\n- 

 noEUS ', and, in a more general fenle, as a generic title for 

 all the corjifurmes, or heart ftells in the chama, the vciws, 

 and the area genera. Bucanlc of the French, comprehends 

 the fnbcordiform (hells of the genus Cardium. 



BUCARELLI, in Geography, a large bay on the North- 

 weft coaft of America, difcovcred by Don Juan de Ayaia, 

 a Spanifli navigator, in i 775. It was named " Tiie entrance 

 of Bucarelli," by Don de la Bodega and Don Manrelle, in 

 honour of friar Don Antliony Maria Bucarelli, of Urfna, 

 viceroy of Mexico, and was vihted again in 1771}, by two 

 frigates under the command of Don Ignace Arteaga and 

 Don de la Bodega, in 1779. Tlie entrance of this bay is 

 fituated, according to the determinations of La I'croult in 

 17S6, in about i^f^)^' i >;' W. long, from Paris, and accord- 

 ing to the obfervations made by Capt. Cook in 177S, of 

 thecoalls near this entrance, very nearly 227° E. long, from 

 Greenwich, or I3';i° W. from Paris, and in N. lat. 55° 11'. 

 Tlie Spanifh commandant caufed a complete furvcy to be 

 made of this gulf, which runs upwards of eight leagues 

 inland, contains fcvcral large iflands, and prelents in its 

 circumference 11 fine harbours, where fliips may anchor 

 with fafety. Maurelle fays, that he does not know a fingle 

 port in all Europe that could be preferred to that of Santa 

 Cruz, which was the name they gave to the port at which 

 their frigates anchored, and which is fituated at the entrance 

 of the gulf on its eaft coalt. Maurelle met with but few 

 habitation; in his expedition; feeing only one village, fituate 

 at the top of a fteep mountain, which could only be afcended 

 by a fliglit of fteps, or ratlier wooden ladder, whence, if the 

 foot flipped, one niuft fall down the precipice. For an ac- 

 count of the inhabitants, &c. Set Qkoh Sound. 



BlICAROS. See Alcarrazas. 



BUCCA Ffrrea, in ^o/a«y. Mich. See Ruppia. 



BUCCALES ^/ti«(/i//<«, \n Ana! amy, the mucous glands 

 of the mouth, which are fituated beneath the membrane 

 wliich lines the check. See Mouth. 



BUCCANEERS, or Bucaneers, a term frequent in 

 the Well Indies, properly ufed for a kind of lavages, who 

 prepare their meat on a grate, or hurdle, made of Brafil- 

 wood, placed in the fmoke, at a good height from the fire, 

 and called iiicean. ^Vhence, alfo, the little lodges, railed for 

 the preparation of their food, are called iuccaiisf and the adlion 

 of drefllng it huccanhig. 



Meat bucLaned is laid to have an excellent tafte, the ver- 

 niil colour of a rofe, and a charming fniell ; all wiiicli it re- 

 tains many months. Oexemelia, i^rom whom we Iiave this, 

 adds, that the neighbouring people fend their fick hither ; 

 that, by eating their buccaned meat, they may be re- 

 covered. 



The origin of the word is referred to the people of the 

 Caribbee illands, who ufed to cut their prifoners of war in 

 pieces, and lay them on hurdles with fire underneath, which 

 tluy call buccatiin^, i.e. roalllng and fmoaklng together: 

 hence our buccaneers took both their name, and theircullom; 

 with this difference, that what the former did to men, thcle 

 did to animals caught in hunting. 



The Spaniards, Savary tells us, called the buccaneers in 

 Vol. V. 



BUG 



their territories mc/.jrWi, that is, HHrrj ; and moa^^fM, that 

 is, htinltrs ; the Kuglidi call theirs, co<w-liUirt. 



The buccaneers are of two didinil profcfTions : the one 

 only hunt bulls for their (Icins ; the other bcafls for their 

 fleni. 



The art of Buccaning, Oexemelia defcribes thus : the bcafl 

 being flaid, and the bones ftrippcd out, the flcfh is cut into 

 pieces of the length of the arm, and faltcd, and the next day 

 laid on the buccan ; which confills of twenty or thiity bars 

 laid atrofs, lialf a foot from each other : under this they rai.'^c 

 a thick fmoke, adding the fl;in and bones of the bcall, to 

 heighten it. 



This is found vailly better than any fimple fcwtl : becaufe 

 the volatile falts of tliofe parts are by this means communi- 

 cated to the flelh, and give it fuch a rclifli, as that, after a 

 little of this buccaning, the iiiccfl palate will eat it without 

 further preparation. 



Buccaneers are ufually confounded with freebooters, from 

 whom, in llriftnefs, they ought to be dillinguiflied. The 

 ancient inhabitants of Hifpaiiiola, and the other Caribbeu 

 iflands, after their conqueii by tlic Europeans, confifted of 

 four ranks or orders of perfons, vi-/.. Luc-cancert, or bull- hunt- 

 ers, who fcoured the woods; freebooters, who fcourtd the 

 fcas as pirates ; huJlamUnen, who tilled the lands ; \w\AJla-ves. 

 Of tiiefe the two firll diftinguifhed thcmfelves moft by their 

 military difpofition, and the ravages they made, efpccially 

 among the Spaniards. 



The name is particularly given to the French inhabitant* 

 of the ifland of St. Domingo, whofe fole employment is ti» 

 hunt bulls or wild boars; in order to fell the hides of the 

 former, and the flefli of the latter. The French buccaneers 

 packed their hides in bundles, which they called loads, and 

 which confided of thofe of full-grown bulls, of young bul- 

 locks, and of cows. Each load was formerly fold for about 

 fix pieces of eight rials ; the French coins not being current 

 in the illand of St. Domingo. The boar meat, previoufly 

 feafoned, was alfo fold by the bundle or pack, weighing 

 commonly 60 pounds, at the rate of fix pieces of eight per 

 pack. It was packed up in palmetto leaves, the weight of 

 which was deduded ; fo that each pack contained 6olbs. of 

 buccaned meat. Thcfe buccaneers had alfo a great trade in 

 the Urd of boars, which they melted and depofited in large 

 pots, which they called "potiches." This lard, which is 

 called manlegua, is alfo fold for about tight pieces of eight 

 per pot. 



Of this article there were a great confumption and trade 

 in the French fettlements of the iflands of St. Domingo, and 

 in thofe of Tortuga ; befide which they fent great quantities 

 of them to the Antilles, and even into the continent of 

 French America. There was alfo a great deal of it fold for 

 the fupport of the crews of the ihips that came from France 

 for trading, or which the privateers of Tortuga fitted out 

 for crulllng againft the Spaniards. Tlie Sjjaniards alfo, 

 who had their buccaneers, under the appellation of " mata- 

 dores," or " montcros," and who were employed in bull- 

 hunting, prepared their hides after the nianuer of the French ;■ 

 and thcle hides found a ready market at the Havantiah, a 

 famous harbour in the ifland of Cuba. From hence ihev 

 were brought by the Hota and galleons, which touched at 

 this port, in their return from Vera Cinz and Porto Bello, 

 to Spain, and under the denomination of Havannah hides, 

 were elleemed the bell of any that were brought from Ame- 

 rica to Spain. 



Sometimes the word hutejncer fignifies alfo thofe famous 

 adventurers of all the nations in Europe, who joined toge- 

 ther to make war agaiull the Spaniards in America : and, 



1 I. under 



