BUG 



Authors are much divided as to the oflice and quality of 

 the biicctfllarii : fomc give the di:i)omin:itioii to parafites in 

 the courts ot princes and l^rcht men, maintained at their 

 table and expcnee. In reality, among tlit Vifigoths, 

 bticcellarius wa5 a i^cieral tia-nc ior all clients or vafTals, 

 who hved at the expcnce of their lords, Spehnan rather 

 fnppofes them to anfwcr to what among us are called " te- 

 nants by military fc;r¥ice." — Others rcprefent the bucceU 

 larii as llationary foldieis in the provinces, who, when the 

 emperor commanded, marehcd before and behiiid him 

 as his body guard. — According to others, thev were men 

 whom the emperors employed in putting perfons to death 

 fecretly. 



BUCCELLATUM, formed from luccea, or huccella, a 

 morlel, or mouthtiil of meat, in An:t<:nt Military IVriters, 

 denotes camp bread or biflcet baked hard and dry, both for 

 lightiiefs and keeping. Sold crs always carried witli them 

 enough for a fortnijjht, and fometinics much longer, during 

 the time that military difcipline was \ae\t\. up. 



BUCCHORES T, or Buckharcst, or Bakarest, in 

 Geography, a fortiiied town of European Turkey, and capi- 

 ta! of Walachia, feated on the river Dembrovitz ; the ufual 

 rtfldcnce of the waywode, and the fee of a Greek arehbifhop. 

 The Lutherans hold their afTemblies here, under the protec- 

 tion of Sweden. The number of inhabitants is edunated. at 

 60,000. N.lat. 44° 50'. E. long. 26° 45'. 



BUCCINA, an ancient military metalline inftrument, 

 crooked like a horn, ufed in war; efpecially for pro- 

 claiming the watches of the night, and giving notice to the 

 foldiery when they were to mount, and when to quit the 

 guard. 



The word comes from lucea, mouth, and cano, I (lug ; be- 

 caufe played on by the mouth : others fuppofe it formed 

 from ^axay«. or Cuxxvn, which fignities the fame ; formed 

 from ^di, bullock, and cano, I ling ; becaufe anciently made 

 of bidlocks horns : others from the Hebrew huk, a trumpet. 

 Varro will have it to have been originally formed by onwna- 

 topaia, from bou t'ju, alluding to the found it gives. Others, 



with more probability, derive it from iuccinum, the name of the Syllema Naturse. We (hall follow the latter writer, as 

 a (hell-filh. _ ufual, in the lirll inllance, and afttrwards notice certain 



The buccina is ufually confjdered as a fpecies of tula, or alterations that have been made in the arrangement of the 

 trumpet ; from which, however, in propriety, it appears buccinum genus by other naturalills. 



to have differed, not only in refpeft of figure, which in the JnipuHac^a, the firft family, is dillinguifhed by havinn- the 



tubawasftraight, and in the buccina recurved orcrooktd; but (hell inflated, rotundate, thin, fubdiapdanous, and fragile, 

 in found, that of the buccina being (harper and audible to a This fedion includes the fpecies olcaiium, galea, perdixj 

 greater diftance than the trumpet-found. pomum, dolium, caudatum, niveum, and clathratum. 



The buccina approached neareft to the «/7;i', or horn: ori- CaJJ'uka cauJuta, in which the tail or beak is exferted 



ginally the two fcem to have been the fame ; though in after ftiort, refiefted ; lip unarmed externally. Many fptcies are 

 times a difference arofe ; the name buccinum being rcdrained — -' ' ' ■ ■' ■ r ^- . , .' . 



to the leffer forts, and the cornu to the larger. — Some alfo 

 take the buccina to have been lefs crooked than the cornu, 

 which made a full femicircle. 



Varro alTures us, that the buccinae were alfo called cornua, 

 horns ; becaufe originally made of the horns of cattle, as is 

 ftiU done among fome people. Servius intimates, that they 

 were at firll made of goats or rams-horns ; and accordingly, 

 in Scripture, the like inllrnments ufed both in war, and in 

 the temple, are called " rams-horns," keren-jobal, and fo- 

 pberoth hai\obel'im, or buccina of rams. 



This inllrument was in ule among the Jews, to proclaim 

 their fead-days, new moons, jubilees, fabbatic years, and 

 the hke. At Lacedxmon, notice was given by the buc- 

 cina when it was fupper-time ; and the like was done at 

 Rome, when the grandees had a buccina blown both before 

 thev fat down to table, and after. 



The found of the buccina was called buccinuSf or buclnus, 

 and the raufician who played on it, buccinator. 



BUG 



EtJCCiNA alfo denote* the fpace or extent to which the 

 found of the buccina may be heard. 



Buccina auris, in AUdMc Jgt Writers, denotes the tympa- 

 num or drum of the car. 



BUCCIN.-\T0R. he that founds or winds the buccina. 



Among the Romans there was a public (lave, dtnomi- 

 nated buccinator nominum, whofc office it was to attend the 

 public crier. 



BucciKATOR Mufculus, in Anatomy, arifes from the 

 alveolus, containing the laft grinder of the lower jaw, from 

 the coronoid procels, and from the tubercle behind the (ocket 

 of the laft grinder of the upper jaw ; its fibres proceed over 

 the membrane of the mouth, where it lints the cheek, and 

 terminate extcnlivily in % -th the lips and in the angle of the 

 mouth. It may draw the lips backwards towards its pofte- 

 rior attachments, and when the lips are made lixed parts by 

 the adlion of the orbicul-:iris oris, it will thrull any matter in- 

 tervening between the cheek and the cavity of the mouth 

 into that cavity, for the purpofcs of mallication and de;;lu- 

 tition. ° 



Buccinator, \t\ Entomology, a fpecies of Hydrachha. 

 of an obovate form ; colour red, black behind ; tail cylindri- 

 cal, yellow, and narrowed at the bafe. 



Degeer has this as acariis caudalus. It is found on banks. 

 The body is black beneath, eyes reddifh, legs black. 



BUCCINU.Vr, in 5c/a/i_>'. Dodon. gal. See Delphi. 

 NIUM Confolida. 



Buccinum, in Conchology, a genus of univalves, defcribed 

 by Linniusas having the Ihell fpiral and gibbous ; the aper- 

 ture ovate, terminating in a (hort canal inclining to the right, 

 with a retufe tail or beak ; and the pillar lip expanded. 

 Animal inhabitiog the (hell a limax. 



LinnSEUs comprehends a vail number of fpecies in hiii 

 genus buccinum, which, for the fake of methodical uni- 

 formity and perfpicuily, he places under feveral dillinit 

 fe£^iemj ; a mode of arrangement in which he ha* beca 

 clofely followed by his editor, Gmelin, in tlie lall edition of 



included in this fcc^ion ; namely, echinophorun'i, plicatum, 

 cornutum, rufum, tuberofiim, fl:immeum, teiticulus, deculTa- 

 tum, areola, tigrinum, undulalum, cicatricofura, tefTcUatum, 

 pemiatum, maculofum, bilineatum, gibbum, \entricofum, 

 llrigofum, rngofum, ponderofuin, reciirvirodrnm, trifafcia- 

 tum, ftnegalicum, ochroleucum, ilriatum, caffis, llrigatura, 

 tyrrhennm, and abbreviatum. 



Cajjldea unguiculata. Shells of this family have the 

 pollerior part of the lip prickly on the outfide, but in other 

 refptds refemble thofe of the la(l fedtion ; the fpecies arc 

 crinaceus, glaucnm, vibex, teflulatum, nodulofum, llmbrid, 

 papillofum, and ghins. 



Callofa. Thefe (hells have the pillar lip dilated and 

 thickened. The fpecies of this tribe are few ; namely, 

 arcularia, pullus, gibbofulum, miitabile, and neriteum. 



Delrila, in which the pillar lip has the appearance of bein<T 

 worn flat ; harpa, colhitnm, ptrlicum, monodnn, patulnm" 

 hxmadoma, lapillns, fmaragdulus, tuba, pyrnm, fpadicenm, 

 umbiUcatum, candidum, fcala, crad'um, marginatum, laby. 



rinthus. 



