BUG 



BUG 



1 lays, that this hoiTe derived its name from being branded on 

 the buttock with the head of an axe. As he had been lung 

 the co^ipanion of the toils and dangers of his mailer, lie fharcd 

 extraordinary tokens of regard. When he was loll for a time in 

 the country of the L^xii, Alexander ilTned a proclamation, 

 commandnig his horfe to be rellored, and threatening to 

 r:ivage the whole country with fire and Iword. The com- 

 ?iuind wa^ inltantly obeyed. " So dear," fays Arrian, 

 " was this horie to Alexander, and fo terrible was Alexan- 

 Jt^r to tlie Barbarians." Arrian. de Expcd. Alex. lib. v. 

 p. 2 19, 220. ed. Gronovii. 



BucEPHALA, a name given to a fmall town on one of the 

 iflands of the Grecian Archipelago, now called " La Ca- 

 vale," which Alexander caufed to be built there in honour 

 of his horfe Bucephalus. 



BucEPHALA, in Ormlhology, the name of a fpccies of 

 Anas that inhabits North America. In the ArR'ic Zoology 

 it is called the luffA headul duel. This kind is of a whitilh 

 colour, with the bsek and wings black : the head large or 

 tum'ci, filkv, and (hining. 



Buffo", calls this h pst'il canard a grojfe Iste. The bill is 

 (hort, and either blue or brown : head black, gloffed with 

 green, or purple : collar and upper part of the breaft white; 

 lower part, with the abdomen, clouded brownifh : area of 

 the wing wliite : tail cinereous : legs fulvous. 



BUCEPHALON, in ^otonji. Plum. See Trophis. 



BUCEPHALUS, m Entomology, a fpecies of Crypto- 

 CEPHALua of a cyaneous coibur, having the mouth, margin 

 of the th'irax, and the legs red. Fair. Called by Schalhry 

 Chryfomela bucephala. 



BUCER, Martin, in Biography, an eminent German 

 reformer, was born in 1491 at Scheleltadt, in the province 

 of Alln.ce. At the age of feven years he entered into the 

 order of the Dominicans ; and having ftudied logic and 

 philofophy at Hcid^-lberg, he afterwards applied himfelf to 

 divinity, and became a proficient in the Greek and Hebrew 

 languages. At Heidelberg he held fome conferences with 

 Luther in 152 I, and having previoudy perufed fome of his 

 writings, and alfo thofe of Erafmus, he was profelytcd to 

 the protcftant party. Of his converfion he gave evidence 

 by m:irrying ; and his v.'ife was a converted nun, by whom 

 he had 13 children. He fettled at Strafburg, and offi- 

 ciated there both as minifter and theological profeflbr for 20 

 years ; and to his labours the progrefs of the reformation in 

 that city was much indebted. His talents and reputation 

 caufed him to be employed in many conferences and nego- 

 tiations ; and in 1548 he was fent for to Augfburg to fign 

 the agreement between the papifts and protellants, called 

 the " Literim ;" but his oppofition to that projeft involved 

 him in a variety of troubles. At this time he was invited 

 to England by archbifhop Cranmer, and appointed a pro- 

 feflbr of theology in the univcrfity of Cambridge. King 

 Edward VI. for whofe ufe he conipofed a book, entitled 

 " Concerning the Kingdom of Chrill," manifefled great 

 regard for him ; and when he complained of the cold of this 

 climate, prefcnted him with 100 crowns towards purchafing 

 a Geitnan ftove. He died of a complication of diforders 

 in 155 1, aud was inte^Tcd at Cambridge with didinguiihed 

 funeral honours. In the bigotted reign of queen Mary, his 

 body was dug up and burnt, and his tomb demolilhed ; but 

 it was fet up again by order of queen Elizabeth. His eru- 

 dition was various and extenfive ; of which he furnilhed 

 ample evidence by his numerous writings, and by his learned 

 Icdtures. His ftyle, however, was obfcure, nor was it always 

 eafy to comprehend his meaning. He was moderate in his 

 temper, and particularly folicitous for preferving unity 

 among the foreign cliurehcs. On occafion of the diffe- 



rences that took place between Luther and Zuingllus, and' 

 their refpiCtive followers, he inclined to the fentiments of 

 the latter ; but by his endeavours to reconcile them, he in- 

 curred reproach from tlie zealots of both parties. His zeal 

 for maintaining peace and concord bitraytd him into an 

 ambiguity of language, and conciliatory artifices, which 

 gave offence both to his friends and enemies. He fcems to 

 have been inclined to allow the merit of good works, nor 

 was he advcrfe to epifcopacy ; and on both thefe accounts 

 he was regarded with fome degree of fufpicion by Calvin 

 and his f illowers. He was much oppofcd by the ])opifh 

 party at Cambridge ; and as he did not poffefs the talents 

 of an acute and ready difputaiit, Peter Martyr advifcd him 

 to avoid all public difputes. Gen. Did. Moflieim's Eccl. 

 Hifl. vol. iv 



BUCERAS, in Botany. Brown. Jam. See BuciDA. 



BucER.is, Haller. See Triconella Fanum Gracum. 



BUCEROS, in Ornithology, the name of a genus in the 

 order Pick, called in Englilh hornbill. Birds of this kind 

 have the bill convex, curved, Iharp at the edge, of a large 

 fize, and ferrattd outwardly ; a hornv or fomewhat bony 

 protuberance on the upper mandible, near the front of the 

 head : nollrils behind the bale of the bill. Tongue acute 

 and fliort. Feet grefTorial. 



Of this genus there are twelve fpecies, namely bicornis, 

 abyirinicus, africanus, malabaricus, hydrocorax, rhinoceros, 

 galeatus, panayenfis, manillcnfis, nafutus, albus, andobfcurus. 

 Obf. The li'.ft is named plicatus by Latham, who alfo adds 

 four new fpecies to the buceros genus, ginginianus, oritnta- 

 lis, orifeus,and viridis. 



BUCHAN, William, in Biography, doiSor in medi- 

 cine, of a refpeftable family in Roxburghfhire, was born at 

 Ancram in the year 1729. Having pafftd through the 

 ufual fchool education, he was fent to the univerfity at Edin- 

 burgh. His inclination leading him to mathematics, he 

 became fo confiderable a proficient in that branch of fcicnce, 

 as to be enabled to give private leflons to many of the 

 pupils. Having made choice of medicine for his profef- 

 iion, he attended the lectures of the feveral profetTors, necef- 

 fary to qualify him for practice ; and as he continued in the 

 univerfity nine years, and was of a iludious turn of mind, 

 his progrefs in knowledge may be fuppofcd to have been 

 equal to his application. He now removed to Sheffield in 

 Yorkfliiie, where he commenced practitioner, in c;injunflioii 

 with another gentleman, who had invited him thither. Soon 

 after he became a candidate, and fucceedcd in gaining the 

 appointment of phyfician to the Foundling Hofpital at 

 Ackworth. From the opportunity he enjoyed here of 

 feeing, and attending to the difeafes of children, he was pro- 

 bably induced to give for his inaugural thefis, on his taking 

 the degree of doftor in medicine, " De infantum vita conftr- 

 vanda." It was th.en much approved, and the fubflance of it 

 now forms a feflion in his " Domellic Medicine." He is find 

 from the regulations introduced by him for the management 

 of the children in the hofpital, to have confiderably reduced 

 the proportionate number of deaths of the children fup- 

 ported by that inllitution. This, however, did not prevent 

 government from withdrawing their fupport to the hofpital, 

 which was in confcquence given up, and the doflor, with his 

 wife and fon, removed to Edinburgh, and continued to prac- 

 tife medicine there for feveral years, during which he em- 

 ployed his leilure hours in compofing his " Domeflic Medi- 

 cine," a work too well known to need being particularly de- 

 fcribed. It is written on the plan of Tiffot's " Avis aus. 

 Peuples," to which it is certainly not inferior. It has beea 

 faid, that by familiarizing the method of treating difeafcs». 

 3S it is attempted to be done by woiks of this kind, the 



medicali 



