BUG 



BUG 



fpeaking of Bucharia, but probably meaning Great Bucha- 

 ria, mentions raw filk as a produft of the country, very 

 fine lamb-fliins, the liair of camels, and an excellent rhuliarb, 

 which latter article grows in the fouth-eaft part of Little 

 Bucharia. 



In more ancient times. Little Bucharia, as we have al- 

 ready cbftrved, was the country of the Seres ; but it feems to 

 have been but little known before the timeof Geiighiu Khan, 

 upon whofe death this country, as well as Great Bucharia, 

 became the portion of his fon Jagatay, or Zagathai, and was 

 occafionally called by his name, but more generally known by 

 the appellation of Cafhgar. It was then confidered as a part 

 of Moguliftan, or Mongolia ; and the northern provinces be- 

 longed to the country of Gete. It had a fucceflion of Khans, 

 feparate from Great Bucharia, till about the beginning of the 

 14th century. From that time it feems to have been go- 

 verned by a fucceflion of the defcendants of Timur, till the 

 year i68j, when it was fubdued by the Eluths, or Kalmuks. 

 To them it remained fubjeft, till at a recent period it was 

 conquered by the Chinefe. In 1759, Kiang Long, or Chin 

 Lung, completely vanquifhed thefe people ; and thus annexed 

 an extenfive territory to hio dominions. 



BUCHAU, a free imperial town ot Germany, in the 

 circle of Swabia, feated on the Feder lake ; 24 miles S.W. 

 of Ulm. N. lat. 48* 6'. E. long. 9° j;'. 



BuCHAU, a fmall country of Germany, in the circle of 

 the Upper Rhine, comprehending the eilate of the abbey of 

 Fulda, of which Fulda is the capital. 



BUCHEN, a fmall town of Germany, in the circle of 

 the Lower Rhine, and eleftorate of Mentz ; 22 miles E. of 

 Heidelberg. 



BUCHENBERG, a town of Germany, in the circle of 

 Swabia, and territory of the abbey of Kempten ; 5 miles 

 W.S.W. of Kempten. 



BUCHERl, a town of Italy, in the valley of Noto ; 

 3 miles N.E. of Monte- Roflb. 



BUCHHOLZ, a fmall town of Germany, in the circle 

 of Upper Saxony, and Middle Mark of Brandenburg ; 2j 

 miles S.S.E. of Berlin. — Alfo, a fmall mine-town of Ger- 

 many, in the circle of Erzgtbirg, having a feat and voice 

 at the Land-diets. At this place confiderable quantities of 

 lace are made. 



BUCHIGLIERA, a town of Naples, in the province 

 of Calabria Citra ; II miles W.N.W. of Umbriatico. 



BUCHLOE, or Buchlake, a town of Germany, in 

 the circle of Swabia, and bilhopric of Augfburg ; 18 miles 

 S.S.W. of Augfburg. 



BUCHNER, Andrew Eli as, in Biography, phyfician 

 and aulic counfellor to the king of Pruflia, and profefTor of 

 medicine, firft at Erfurt, and afterwards at Hall in Saxony, 

 publlftied, in 1 755, in 4to. ; " Hilloria Academix Naturs 

 Curioforum," of which he was feveral years prefident ; 

 " Fundamenta Matcrix Medicx, Simplicium Hiftoriam, Vi- 

 res et Prasparata exKibentia," Hall, 1754, 8vo. ; " Sylla- 

 bus Materias Medicas felcftioris, cum defignatione pon- 

 deris, &c." Hall, 1 "i^^, 8vo. He was alfo author of feve- 

 ral ingenious dilTertations publifhed in the Mifcell. Nat. Cu- 

 riof. and of a number of diifcrtations, or inaugural thefes, 

 on botanical fubjefts. Among thefe, Haller particularly 

 notices the " Dilputatio de genuinis viribus Tabaci, ex ejus 

 principiis conftitutivis demonftratis ; et de genuinis Opii 

 effeftibus in Corpore Humano ;" each of them containing 

 feveral ingenious experiments made on animals, with the 

 view of afceitaining the properties of thofe drugs ; alfo a 

 method of inilrufting deaf perfons. He died in the year 

 1769. Hall. Bib. Bot. 



BucHNER., J. Gottfried, of whom we have no biogra- 



phical memoirs, has left fome curious and ufeful works in 

 botany, of which the following are the titles ; " DifTerta- 

 tioues Epiflolicaede Memorabilibus Voigtiardiae ; I. De ar- 

 borc una no£le virente, et florcm fim\ilque frycSus, tempore 

 hiemah proferente ; 2. De arboribus et planlis infolito 

 tempore florentibus ; 3. De arbore qunvis aftate binis vi- 

 cibus, et flores et fruftus protrudcnte ; 4. Ue arboribus 

 diverfi generis fruilus in uno ftipitc profercnlibus ; ^. De 

 frumcntia fpicis prolifcris, aliifque plantls monftrofis ; 6. 

 De aloe Americana majori, aliifque plantis exoticis Voigt. 

 florentibus ;" 410. 1743. The remainder of bis writings, 

 confifting of diflertations on fimilar fubjeils, is publidud in 

 the fecond, fourth, fifth, and fevcnth volumes of the Mifcd. 

 Nat. Curiof. Haller. Bib. Botan. 



BUCHNERA, in Botany (in honour of A. E. Buchuer, 

 a German naturalill). Linn. gen. 772. Reich. 833. Schreb. 

 Jo;5. Willd. 1174. Gxrt.323. JulT. 100. Clafs and order, 

 didynamia angiofpeniiia, Nat. Ord. Perfonatx, Linn. ; Pcdi- 

 culares, Juff. 



Gen. Char. CaJyx of one leaf, five-toothed, permanent. 

 Cor. monopetalous ; tube rather long, bored ; border fiat, 

 fhort, five-cleft, nearly regular. Stam. four, very fiiort j. 

 anthers oblong, obtufe. Pijl. germ ovate-oblong ; ilyle 

 thread-fhaped, the length of the tube ; ftigma obtufe. Per'ic. 

 capfule acuminate, two-celled, many-feedtd, opening at the 

 top in two divifions ; partition contrary. Seed: angular ; re- 

 ceptacle faftened to the middle of the partition. 



EfT. Char. Cal. five-toothed. Cor. funnel-lhaped ; border 

 five cleft, nearly equal. Stam. four unequal. Capf. two- 

 celled ; partition fimple, contrary to the valves. Seedt nu- 

 merous, fmall. Geert. 



Sp. I. 6. Americana^ Linn. Syft. Nat. " Leaves toothed, 

 lanceolate, three-nerved." Stem fcarcely branched. Sp'the 

 with flowers remote from each other. Stamens, two in the 

 throat of the corolla ; two in the middle of the tube. Tlie 

 plant grows black with drying. Native of Virginia and 

 Canada. 2. B. elongata, Willd. " Leaves nearly linear- 

 lanceolate, entire ; calyx a little hairy, longer than the cap- 

 fule." Swartz. A native of Jamaica, Vera Cruz, and Gui- 

 ana. 3. B cernua, Linn. Mant. " Leaves cuneate, five- 

 toothed, fmooth ; flowers fpiked ; ftem fhrubby." Stem 

 half a foot high, regularly branched, a little jointed by the 

 fears of the leaves, purpUfh. Leaves oppofite, often tcrnate, 

 feffile, with two acute ferratures on each fide the tip, even. 

 Spikes terminal, folitary, oblong. Flowers feflilc, ereft, 

 with a linear acute brafle fhorter than the calyx, and two 

 fliorter lateral briRles. Calyx tubular, oblong, femiquinque- 

 fid, equal ; fcgments connedled by a membrane. Carol. 

 white ; tube filiform, twice as long as the calyx, recurved ; 

 border flat, five-cleft ; fegments fubovate. Anlb. below the 

 jaw ; ftigma inclofed, reflex, rather thick. On mountains 

 at the cape of Good Hope. 4. B. cunetfolia, Linn. Supp. 

 " Leaves wedge-fhaped, fmooth, feven-toothed at the tip." 

 Found by Thunberg at the Cape of Good Hope. 5. B. 

 cordifalia, Linn. Supp. " Stem four-cornered ; leaves op- 

 pofite, heart-fliaped, three-nerved, ferrated ; racemes termi- 

 nal, approaching to fpikea." Referred to this genus by the 

 younger Linnseus, though very difl:erent in habit, and more 

 rcfeniblijig a vervain, on the authority of Koenig, who 

 found it about Taiijour. 6. ^. grandijlora, Linn. Supp. 

 " Scabrous j leaves oppofite, feflilc, oblong, entire ; pe- 

 duncles axillary, one-flowered, two-leaved ; calyx funncl- 

 fliaped." A very beautiful plant. Stem ereft, fmooth, 

 very fimple. /y^am'/ five-nerved. Peduncles to\v3L\&t\\c fummit 

 of the ftem, folitary, (horter than the leaves, with two oppofite 

 linear-fubulate braftes about the middle. Crt/j'x five-toothed, 

 long, but fhorter by half than the tube of the corolla, wiiich 



gradually 



