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jnilitia wth 5^0 men, and is in the Norfolk cliciiit. 

 Ceiitral View of ihe Agriculture of the County of I3uck- 



UUCKr.AND, a townlhip of America, in Hampnure 

 county, and (late of M.ilFachufctts, containing 71S inhabit- 

 ants; 120 miles wtrt from Norton. 



DUCKI-E, in Matters of Trade, a little met:.l!iiic ma- 

 chine, wlurehy to retain and keep fall certain parts of the 

 hab't, as well as of the harnefs of horfes, &c. 



"l-hf word is formed from tiic French boiidc, and that, 

 according to Cnffeneuve, from the barbarous Latii! pliifcula, 

 whieh fignificd the fame. According to Mennge, from 

 hu,:ul(i, the an/a, or handle of a buckler. The buckle is a 

 part of modern drefs, correfponding to \.\\c fihula, among the 

 ancients. Buckles are of divers forts, as (hoe and garter 

 buckles ; fonie round, others fquarc, or oval, or cut, each of 

 which have thtirrtfpedlve artificers by wh(.)m they are made. 

 The hkt may.be laid of the great variety of buckles belong- 

 i.ig to the pack and hackney faddhs. 



hvCK.\.i, girth, among Sii<'Lrs, is a four fquare hoed, with 

 a tongue, which is made fteady, by going through a hole 

 of leather, and fafientd with narrow thongs. 



BUCKLER, a piece of defenfive armour, uftd by the 

 ancients to fcrcen their bodies from the blows of their 

 enemies. 



The word comes from the barbarous Latin hucularium ; 

 o( iucuJa, the umbo or middle point of this weapon, which 

 had ufually a head or mouth, reprefented prominent 

 thereon. 



The buckler is the fame with what we otherwife call fliield 

 or target ; and by the one or the other we indifferently 

 render what among the ancients were denominated clypeus, 

 j'cutum, and parma ; though the three latter were diiltrcnt 

 from each other. 



The Jhitum was an oblong (hield, with an iron bofs or 

 umbo projefting from the middle ; 4 feet long and Zjhroad, 

 made of wood, joined together with fmall plates of iron, and 

 wholly covered with a bull's hide. The clypeus was a round 

 (hield of a fmallcr fize. The parma was a round buckler, 

 made of wood, and covered with leather. 



The buckler of Achilles is defcribed in Homer, that of 

 .^neas in Virgil, that of Hercules in Htfiod : Ajax's 

 buckler was lined with fcven bulk' hides. 



The buckler among the Greeks, called AtrTrij, was fome- 

 times compofed of wicker- work, and fometimes of the wood 

 of fig, willow, beech, or poplar; but moll commonly of 

 hides, which were doubled into folds, ?.nd fortified with 

 pieces of metal. In the middle of the buckler was a bofs, 

 upon which was fixed another prominence. A thong of 

 leather, and fometimes a rod of metal, re;!C>.ed zcrofs the 

 buckler, and fervcd for hanging it on the (lioulders. Some- 

 times It was held by little rings ; and it had afterwards a 

 handle, ci.mpofed chiefiy of fn all iron bars crofTmg each 

 other, in the form of the letter X. When the wars were 

 ended, and the bucklers fnfpended in the temples of the 

 gods, they took off the handles, that they might become 

 unfit for immediate ufe. Little bells were fometimes hung 

 upon bucklers to llrike terror into the enemy. They were 

 often adorned with var'ous figures of beaAs and birds, of the 

 eeleilial bodies, ar.d of the works of nature. The bucklers 

 of the Argivis feem to have been longer than tiie reft, and 

 to have covered the whole body. Their form w as ufually 

 round. Phil. Tranf. N" 241, p. 206. See Shield. See 

 •Ifo Armor, and Arms. 



The ancients were particularly fulicltous to preferve their 

 backkrs in f ght ; it being h ghly iiifan.ouj, and even penal, 



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to return witliout them. It was on their bucklers that they 

 cairied olT the bodies of their {lain, cfpecially thofe of 

 dilliixtion. 



The Spaniards (liU retain the fword and buckkr in their 

 night-walks. 



Bucklers, on medals, are either ufcd to fignify public iwwr, 

 rendered to the gods for the fjfety of a prince ; or that he is 

 efteemcd the defender and protcdtor of his people. — Thefe 

 were particularly called votive bucklers, and were hung at 

 altars, &c. 



Buckler, in Heraldry. See Shield. 

 Buckler of a cnjh, denotes a moveable head, whereby to 

 comprefs the contents of it. 



In this feiife we fay, a buckler of pilchards. 

 Buckler Mujlard, in Botany. See Biscutella ami 

 Clypi OLA JontlAiifpi, 



BUCKOVINA", in Geography, a part of the ancient pro- 

 vince of'Dacia, became fubjeft to Auftria in 1777, and was 

 annexed to Gahtz, vulgarly denominated Galicia. It con- 

 tains no town of any confeqnence ; but Czernowitz is 

 reckoned the principal. Hocck eftimates the number of in- 

 habitants at ijO.ODo; they fpcak Polifli and German ; and 

 their religion is the Roman Catholic. The ann'ual revenue 

 is reckoned at 400,000 florins. 



BUCKKAH, a town of Hindoftan, in the Soubah of 

 Oude ; iS miles N.W. of Goorackpour. — Alfo, a town of 

 Hindoftan, in the country of Bahar ; 25 miles north oi 

 Patna. 



BUCKRAM, a thick fort of linen or hempen cloth, 

 ftiffened with gum or glue, ufed in the linings of cloths, to 

 fuftain and make them keep their form. 



Of buckram are alfo made wrappers for covering cloth 

 and other commodities, in order to preferve them from being- 

 foiled, and their colours from fading. Buckram is fold 

 wholefale by the dozen of fmail pieces, each about four ells 

 long, and of breadth correfponding to the piece from whicll 

 they are cut. 



BUCKS, in Geography, a county of Pennfylvania, irt 

 America, lying S. W. (rom Philadelphia, fcparated from 

 Jerfey by the river Delaware on the fouth-eall and north- 

 eaft, and having Northampton county on the north-welf. 

 It contains 25,401 inhabitants, including 114 flaves. Bucks 

 is a well cultivated county, containing 41 1,90c acres of landy 

 and comprehends 27 townrtiips, the chief of which is New- 

 town. It abounds with lime-llone, and in fome places iroa 

 and lead ore. At the north end of the county is a remark- 

 able hill called Haycock, fituate in a townlhip of the fame 

 name. This hill is 15 miles in circumference, with a gradual 

 afcent, and commands from its fummit a very delightful 

 profpect. The waters of Tohickon creek wafti it on all fides 

 except the weft. 



Bucks Hc.rlour, a bay of the Atlantic, on the fouth 

 coall of the diilrift of Maine, in America. N. lat. 44° 42'. 

 W. long. 6.J° 34'. 



BUCK SHORN, in Botany. See Plantago Corona- 

 pus. 



BUCKSTOWN, in Geography, a town of America, in 

 Hancock county, and diftridt of Maine, on the call fide 

 of Penobfcot river, containing 316 inhabitants, 260 miles 

 N.E. from Bollon. 



BUCKTHORN, in Botany. See Rhamnus. 



Buckthorn, fea. See Hippophs; rhanmoides. 



BUCKTOWN, in Geography, a town of America, in 



Dorchefter cnunty, Maryland, lituate between Blackwater 



and Tranfquacking creeks, 12 miles from their mouths at 



Eiflting bay, and 8| miles S.E.,from Cambridge. — Alfo, a 



^ towoihip 



