BUG 



fon fpeak"<, and 4mcrl>icum, or dialogue, wlierein are feveral 

 interlocutors. 



Bucolics, fays Voffius, bear fome refcmblance to corned)', 

 as they are both pidlures and imitations of ordinary life ; bnt 

 with this difference, that comedy reprcfents the manners of 

 the inhabitants of cities ; wiicreas bucolics exhibit rural oc- 

 cupation's. Sometimes this kind of poetry has aflion, and 

 fometimcs only narration, and it is fometimes compofed of 

 both. The hexameter verfe is the moll proper for bucolics 

 in the Greek and Latin languages. 



Theocrltus's Idyllia, and Virgil's Eclogues, are the 

 chief of the ancient bucolics now extant. The tirll modern 

 Latin bucolics are thofe of Petrarch, about 12 in number, 

 written about the year 1.350. Their number multiplied fo 

 foon, that a colleftion of 38 modern bucolic poets in Latin 

 was printed at Bafd in 1546. Thefe writers judged this in- 

 direft and difguifed mode of dialogue, conliiting of fimple 

 charafters which fpoke freely and plainly, the moll fafe and 

 convenient vehicle for abufnig the corruptions of the church. 

 The eclogues of Mantuan, which appeared about the year 

 1400, were the model of Alexander Barklay (fee Barclay), 

 and became fo popular, that Mantuan acquired the eftimation 

 of a claffic, and was taught in fchools. But although Bark- 

 lay copies Mantuan, the recent and feparate publication in 

 England of Virgil's bucolics, by Wynkyn de Worde, 

 might partly fuggtfl the idea of this new kind of poetry. 

 See Wharton's Hift. of Eng. Poetry, vol.ii. p. 256. 



BUCORTA, in Geography, a river of Italy, which runs 

 into the fea near Pagliapoli, in Calabria Ultra. 



BUCQUET, John-Baptiste, Michel, in Biography, 

 was born at Paris, February the i8th, 1746. After pafiing 

 through the ufual fchool education, in the courfe of which 

 he had eminently diftinguilhed himfclf, he was fent by his 

 father to be inftrudted in jurifprudence ; but his difpofition 

 leading him to the ftudy of natural philofophy, he foon quitted 

 the law, and applied himfelf with zeal to acquire a knowledge 

 of anatomy, botany, chemiilry, and mineralogy, attending 

 the lectures of the mod celebrated mafters, and with fuch 

 affiduity, that he was foon qualified to become a teacher. 

 His firll courfe was on mineralogy and chemiilry conjointly. 

 Thefe he treated in a familiar manner ; and as he had made 

 himfelf perfeftly acquainted with the fubjefts of his leflure, 

 and had a peculiar facility in communicating the knowledge 

 he had acquired, he foon became a popular teacher. This 

 procured him the intimacy of the celebrated Lavoifier, with 

 whom he went through a feries of experiments, to afcertain 

 the properties of heat ; they alfo analyfed a variety of mi- 

 nerals, at that time but little known. To enable his pupils 

 the more tafily to profit by his leftures, he pubhfhed an " In- 

 troduttion to the Analyfis of the Vegetable Kingdom." He 

 alfo fent to the Royal Academy accounts of various chemi- 

 cal experiments, which were publiflied with their memoirs. 

 He had now acquired fomuch reputation, that on the death 

 of M. Bourdclin, he was admitted a member of this aca- 

 demy. He had before, viz. in the year 1776, become a 

 member of a fociety, inllituted at Paris, for the improve- 

 ment of medicine. To this fociety he fent the account of a 

 procefs for making opium tranfparent ; for making lapis 

 caufticus; and a memoir on the adtion of volatile alkali in the 

 deliquium, caufed by carbonic acid. By thefe various la- 

 bours, purfued with ardour and intenfenefs, he had now, 

 though a young man, fo impaired his health, as to render 

 him incapable of performing his duties without having re- 

 courfe to powerful ftimulants, which, while they gave a mo- 

 mentary vigour, ftill farther fapped his conftitution. But 

 as he was married, and had feveral children, for whom he 

 had made but flender provifion, he determined to perfevere. 



BUD 



He has been known, his biographer fays, to take two pints 

 of scther and an hundred grains of opium in a day. In this 

 "■ay, fomething fimihir to that pradifed by John Brown 

 of Edinburgh, he paffed the latter months of his life. His 

 lad memoir, read to the academy was on inflammable air, 

 and the means of rendering the hydrogen gas of mailhes as 

 pure as that obtained during the folntlon of metals. He 

 died on the 24th of January, 1780, tfcaping, by this early 

 and premature dilfolution, the keen and bitter pang he mull 

 have felt at feeing his fiicml Lavoifier hurried to the guillo- 

 tine, an event which took place, to the regret of all lovers 

 of fcience, a few years after. Gen. Biog. 



BUCRETIUS, Daniel, a phyfician of eminence of 

 Bruflcls, was initiated into the knowledge of anatomy and 

 medicine under Spigelius, who, a little before his death, 

 entrullcd him with his papers, containing his fyftem of ana- 

 tomy, with directions to publifli them. This ofRce Bucre; 

 tms performed with diligence, fupplying fuch parts as were 

 not completed, partly from his own obfcrvations and labour, 

 and partly from the plates of Julius Caperius. Having 

 completed this work, which was publidied in royal folio, at 

 Padua, in 1626, he went to Paris, and attended for fome 

 months the diffcclions of Riolan. Riolan complaining to 

 him, that Spigelius had introduced into his work many ob- 

 fcrvations, taken from his books, without making any ac- 

 knowledgement from whence he had received them, Bucre- 

 tius confelfed he had done it, to do honour to his mailer. 

 Sometime after he retired into a monallery, where he died 

 of a dyfcntery, about the year 1630. Douglas. Bibliog. 

 Anat. 



BUCTON, in Anatomy, a word ufed by Severinus, and 

 fome others, as a name for that part of \.h.e pudendum mul'iebre 

 commonly called the Hymen. 



BUCY LE Long, in Geography, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Aifne, and diltria of Soiflbns, i league 

 N. E. from it. 



BUCZ A, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of Brzefc, 

 90 miles E. of Brzefc. 



BUD, in Botany, in its flrift and moll ufual acceptation, 

 as an Englilh word, denotes the protuberances which appear 

 in the axils of the leaves of trees and Ihrubs, and fometimcs 

 when there is an excefs of vegetative power, on the trunks 

 themfelves, unaccompanied by a leaf; and which contain 

 the rudiments either of feparate leaves and flowers, or of both 

 together, on an elongated receptacle, which gradually {hoots 

 out into a young branch. 13ut, as a fcientific term, it is 

 convenient to include in it all the means employed by nature 

 for the renewal of plants, without the intervention of ferti- 

 lized feeds. A bud, taken in this extenfive fenfe, is featcd 

 either on the afcending caudex, or on the defcending caudex, 

 or on a tuberous radicle. On the afcending caudex, it is 

 cither a gem, or a cauline bulb : on the defcending caudex, 

 it is either a root bulb or a turio : on the tuberous radicle, it 

 is ufually called an eye. See thofe words. 



Bud, in Vegetable Anatomy. The tranfpiration of the 

 leaves, during their expofure to the hght and heat, deter- 

 mines the courfe of the juices of the vegetable powerfully 

 towards their points of attachment. The tubes, which 

 convey the fap, elaborate it ; the cambium is gradually 

 formed, and depolited around the bafe of the leaves : 

 it there gives birth to new tubes, which obeying the im- 

 pulfe communicated to them, elongate towards the bark, 

 and penetrate it. As the fpring is the feafon mod favour, 

 able to the produftion of new parts, it is then that we 

 firll perceive what is called the eye of the bud, within the 

 axilla of the leaves, or that angle formed between their bafe 

 and the branch. la the courfe of tlie fumnx-r, the eys- 



enlarges. 



