BUD 



«,lare«. .rJbrcomesabud: it contuu.cs to increafe di r ng 

 ^1 au ;-.«. a„a in the w.n.cr f.lls into a Ibte of to, pui.ty ; 

 n the traa.nc fori..-, however, it rev.ves, and expA»d» into 

 a £ r or l\fecln? bn.nch. which acquires foud.ty m the 

 fommer, and becomes cloathed with leaves or HowerB. 



rr/period required for the evoU.uon of the bud. .s 

 fuhieA to vary: U is fometimes retarded for hve years; 

 rmher times accidental caufes accelerate th.s procefs 

 Thus, .if the leaves, ^u.eh accompany the buds, happen to 

 nenf;!. their developement is lo much more rapid, that thtle 

 buds produce branches fullaming leaves and flowers in au- 

 tumn. which.Jn the ordinary courle of ve^-etanon. would 

 not apoear before the enfuing fprn.g Ih.fe untimely 

 productions, however, are dellroyed by the hr.l fro^- 



The bud3 of the fame tree are not a',1 developed in the lame 

 time, fome bein^r more expofed than others to the adtion of 

 ai- and h-ht. In general, thofe f.tuated at the extremity 

 of the branches are the f.ril to unfold themfelves. 



The pofuion and figure of the buds are peculiar .n each 

 trenns and often even ferve to charaaerize the fpec.es oi 

 plants. A knowledge of thefe diftindions is found vuy 

 ufeful by thofe wh- rear trees in nurfenes. 



Bonnet arranged buds into five orders, according to their 

 nofition upon the branch. In the firll they occur alternately 

 as in the filLcrd tree. U the fccond, they anle oppoUte to 

 each other as on the olh. The third mode of arrangement 

 ii when the buds furround the branches in a ring; the 

 example of this which Mr. Bonnet quotes, is the pome- 

 ^ranatc ; but all the young branches of this tree have the 

 buds placed oppofite. The fourth poiition of the buds is, 

 where they form, with refped to each other, quincunxes, 

 and, when taken together, compofe a fpiral figure, which 

 furrounds the branches in the manner of a cork-lcrew. 

 This takes place in vmny fruil-lrees, but more efpecially in 

 the Mum-lrec. In the fifth order are thofe trees which have 

 t!ie leaves furrounding the branches in a double fpire, as they 

 appear in the pine. The true buds of the pines do not, 

 however, grow in the axillae of the leaves, but ou the extre- 

 mity of the branches. 



In the trees with oppofite bnds, the extremity ot the 

 branches are ufua'.ly furnilhed with three buds, the one in 

 the middle being much the largell ; and when the buds are 

 placed alternately, the branch is commonly ttrminattd by a 

 lingle bud. 



The direftion of the buds is different in different Ipecies ; 

 fometimes they (land out fo much from the branch, that 

 they form with it almoll a right angle, as may be feen in 

 the' A7.i<r.- in other inllances, as the cornel tree, they are 

 clofcly applied in all their length to the fide of the branch. 

 Ill the F.:.">njmui Europaus,t\\z buds at the extremity of the 

 branches are hid clofe, as thofe of the cornel-tree ; whilil 

 thofe on the other parts of the branch are diredcd outwards. 

 There are numerous other peculiarities in the form and 

 appearance of the buds, which, although ufeful for the 

 gardener to know, it would be tedious to enumerate in this 

 place. 



No annual plant can, with propriety, be confidercd as 

 poffeffing buds ; thefe parts being intended lo furvive the 

 winter, and contain tlie rudiments of the branches and 

 flowers, which are to be developed ou the return of the 

 feafon of vegetation. The true hud ought not, theiefore, 

 to be confounded with thofe Imall cones found in the axilla: 

 of herbaceous plants, and which are converted into branches 

 in a few days. The lilaceous plants, and other monocotyle- 

 dons with bulbous roots, do not produce buds in the 

 axi41a of their leaves : the bulbs of thefe vegetables perform 

 all the functions of buds, and kave, therefore, very properly 



been ranked as fuch, ard called by fome v/nUvi/uhterranemi! 

 buJs, Although we acknowledge the fimilitude of thefe 

 two parts to each other in the fulleft extent, we prefer 

 giving the defcriptiou of bulbs under their proper name. 

 See Bulb. 



Befides the varieties of buds wh ch ferve to diflinguilh 

 different genera, and fometimes the fpecies of plants, there 

 are other peculiarities wliith characterize the nature and 

 offices of different buds upon the fame tree: fome buds 

 being intended to devclope the leaves and branches ; others 

 to contain only the parts of fructification ; and others again 

 give origin to both leaves and flowers. Thofe of the firil kind 

 are called the leaf liids, or bud: tc'sth lu'jod s the fecond, the 

 jloiver or fruit-buds ; and the lall arc termed the mrxt cudf. 

 The cultivators of fruit trees are careful to difcriminate the 

 different kinds of buds, as a guLie in the various operations 

 of grafting, pruning, &c. The leafbuds, compared with 

 the others, are (lender, long, and pointed ; the fruit-bnds 

 are thick, fhort, and round ; and thofe of a mixt natu-e, 

 have an intermediate form, being neither fo pointed as the 

 one, nor fo round as the other. 



In a great number of trees, the flower buds are fituated 

 upon the extremity of the little raniificatit ns, calkd fruit- 

 branches. See Branches. Fig g. o{ Plate \l. in Vegtta' 

 ble Anatomy, reprclentsa fruit. bud oi tht pear-tree, fuftained 

 bv one of thefe lit tie branches ;a the branch ; i the bud ; and 

 on the neighbouring branch upon which this one grove's, is 

 feen a wood-bud, indicated by c. 



In thi! peach-tree, and many others of the fame familv, 

 the wood and fruit-buds arife together from the fame branch : 

 this is flicwn by_/ff. lo. of Plate II. in Vegetable Analomy : a 

 is a fliort portion of a branch of the peach-tree, on which are 

 placed three budi ; b, b, the two external bv:d3 contain 

 the flowers &c. the intermediate one is the wood-bud. 



When the male and female flowers are fituated upon 

 different parts of the fame plant, or upon feparate in- 

 dividuals, it is proper to dilliuguifli the flower-buds into two 

 kinds ; as in many fpecies, the buds, which furnifh the 

 catkins, are very unlike thofe which produce the fruits : 

 thus, in the •walnut-tree, the fruits owe their origin to the 

 buds placed along th-e length of the branches, whilil the 

 catkins proceed from other buds fo very fmall that they are 

 hardly perceptible, and which are fituated at the fide of 

 thole which furnifh the fruits. 



The buds of almoll every vegetable which is congenial to 

 a northern climate, are cloathed with a number of fcales, 

 and a cotton-like fubftanoe. The fcales arc laid upon each 

 other in an imbricated manner, or like the tiles of a houfe. 

 Thofe fituated moll externally are llrong, hard, and dry, 

 and generally of a brown colour, but the fcales which are 

 covtreJ by others arc more pliant, tender, and fucculent ; 

 and the nearer they approach to the centre of the bud, they 

 acquire more of the herbaceous texture of young leaves ; 

 the internal fcales are ulually of a pale green or white 

 colour. The fcales are very generally lined with a downy 

 or cotton-like lubltance. This becomes dry and coloured 

 upon the external fcales ; but where it is fliielded from the 

 action of the air, it remains foft and white, not unlike the 

 downy furface of fatiu. The form of each fcale is that of a 

 fpoon or fhallow oval cup, with one extremity more thin and 

 pointed than the other. The furfaces of the fcales are 

 ufually befmeared with a vifcid matter, of a gum refinous 

 nature ; this becomes involved in the down, and forms a 

 P'.rfeft barrier to the tranln ifiion of air or moifture to the 

 internal parts of the bud ; and not unfrequently the refinous 

 matter is fo abundant, that it exudes upon the external 

 furlace of the bud, giving it all the appearance of being 



coated 



