BUD 



BUD 



taken ; tliofc whicli appear ftinvelldd and black bciiip; dead, 

 but fiich as remain frcdi and plump are joined ; and at this 

 time, loofen the bauduge, which, it not done in time, is apt 

 to pinch the Hock, and greatly injure, if not dclhoy the 

 bud. The March fdl'owing, cut off the Itock about three 

 inches above the bud. Hoping it that the wot may p:ifs ofi, 

 and not enter into the llock. To the part of the ftoek 

 which is left, fome fiften the flioot which proceeds from 

 the bud, to prevent the danger of its being blown out, but 

 this mull contimie no longer than one year; after which, it 

 murt be cut off clofe above the bud, that the llock may be 

 covered by it. Some advife it to be cut dole ut lirll, which 

 is probably the bctl praftice. 



But though it is the ordinary praftice to dived the bud of 

 that part of the wood which was taken from the (hoot with 

 it, yet in many forts of tender trees, it is better to prefer ve 

 a little wood to the buds, without which they often mif- 

 cariy. The not obterving this, lias occafioned feme to ima- 

 gine, that fome forts of trees are not to be propngattd by 

 budding, which, if performed in this method, might have 

 fucceeded. Where this has been done, the whole efi'ort of 

 the ilocks being diredtcd co the infertcd buds, they foon 

 pufli foith ftrongly, one (lioot from each ; many flioots alfo 

 arife from the (locks, but thefe mull be conllantly rubbed 

 off as often as they appear, that all the power of tliK (locks 

 may be collefted for the vigorous growth of the bud (hoots, 

 which now commence trees ; and which, by the end of the 

 fummer, will, in fome forts, be advanced three or four feet 

 in height. In the autumn or fpring follovi-ing, the young 

 trees may be tranfplanted into the places where they are to 

 remain, or remain longer in the nurfcry, according to the 

 purpofe for which they are deiigned. In trees that are de- 

 signed for fruit on walls, efpahers, or as dwarfs, the firll 

 (hoots from the buds (hould, in the fpring after they are pro- 

 duced, be headed down to four or live eyes to force out 

 fome (hoots near the bottom ; but if defigned for half or full 

 ilandards, and budded at proper heights, the lirft (hoots of 

 the buds may either be (hortcned as above, to four or five 

 eyes to provide lateral branches near the top of the (lem, to 

 form a fpreading head, or be fuffered to grow up in height, 

 and branch out in their natural way, by which they will 

 form more ereft heads of loftier growth. Such full or half 

 Ilandards as are defigned for walls, and were budded high on 

 the (locks, mud alio necelfarily have the fird (hoots headed 

 down in the fpring following, to force out lateral (hoots to 

 furnilh the allotted fpace of walling ; and on the other liand, 

 where trees are defigned for any fort of dandards, and 

 budded low on the docks, the firll (hoots of the buds (hould 

 be tramed up for dems to a proper height before they are 

 (lopped, and then topped to throw out flioots to form heads 

 of the dcfired heights. See Inoculation. 



BUDDLE, ill Mineralogy, a name given by the Englilh 

 dre(ri;rs of the orts of metals, to a fort of frame made to 

 receive the ore after its fird feparation from its groffclt foul- 

 nefs. 



The ore is fird beaten to powder in wooden troughs, 

 through which there runs a continual dream of water, which 

 carries away fuch of it as is fine enough to pafs a grating, 

 which is placed at one end of the trough ; this falls into a 

 long fquare receiver of wood, called the launder : the hea- 

 viell and pnreft of the ore falling at the head of the laun- 

 der, is taken out feparately, and requires little n-,ore care or 

 trouble ; but the other part, which i'preads over the middle 

 and lower end of the launder, h thrown into the buddle, 

 whioh is a long fquare frame of boards, about four feet deep, 

 fix long, and three wide ; in this there (lands a man bare- 

 footed, with a trampling (liovel in his hand, to call up the 



ore about an inch thick, upon a fquare board placed before 

 him as high as his middle; this is termed the buddleheud ; 

 and the man dcxterouHy, with one edge of his (hovel, cuts 

 and divides it longwife, in refned of himfelf, about half an 

 inch afunder, in thefe little cuts; the water coming gently 

 from the edge of an upper plain board, carries away the 

 filth and lighter part of tlie prepared ore firll, and then the 

 metalline part i.iunediatcly after; all falling down in the 

 huddle, where, with his bare (ect, he (Irokts it and fmooths 

 it, that the water and ot'ner heterogeneous matter may the 

 iooner pals oft from it. 



AVhcn the buddle by this means becomes full, the ore is 

 taken out ; that at the head part, beiiig the fiuelt and pyreft, 

 is taken out fcparate from the red, as from the launder. 

 The red is again ttamplod in the fame buddle ; but the 

 head, or, as it is called, the forehead, of thii buddle, and 

 of the launder, are mixed together, and carried to another 

 buddle, and trampled as at fird. The foreheads of this 

 lad buddle, that is, that part of tlie ore which has fallen at 

 the head, is carried to what they call a drawiiig buddle, 

 whole difference from the red is only this, that it has no 

 tye, but only a plain (loping board, on which it is once 

 more wallied with the trainpling fiiovel. Tin-ore, when it 

 is taken from this, is called black tin, aud this is found to 

 be completely ready for the blowing-houfe. Phil. Tranf. 

 N° 09. See Drrjfmg of Ore. 



BUDDLEA, in Botany (in honour of Adam Buddie, an 

 eminent Englidi botanid at the latter end of the 17th cen- 

 tury, whole Herbarium is now dcpofited in the Britifh 

 Mufcum) Lin. gen. 140. Reich. 146. Schieb. 184. 

 \yilld. 220. Girt. 275. Juir. 118. La Marck. Illuf. 182. 

 Clals and order, tetrandr'ia monogynia. 



Nat. o.d. S:rophuLr/u ]vi'X. Perfotiatic YexM. 



Gen. char. Cal. Perianth very fmall, four-deft, acute, 

 eieft, permanent. Cor. one-pctalled, bell or funnel-fiiaped, 

 four-cleft, erecft, longer than the calyx, fegments ovate or 

 obtufe. Starn. Filaments four, very fiiort, inferted below 

 the divifions of the corolla : anthers very (hort, fimple. Pijl. 

 Germ fuperior, ovate : digma obtufe or bifid. 6'aiy; ovate, 

 two-furrowed, tv/o-celled, two-valved (each finally dividing 

 into two, Ju(r. partition double, parallel to the valves. 

 Gart.) 



Ed'en. char. Cal. four-cleft. Cor. four-cleft. Stam, 

 from the divifions. Cap/, two-celled, two-funowid, many- 

 feeded. 



Species I. B. amerieana. Linn. Brown. Jam. 144. 

 Sloan. Jam. 139. Hid. z. p. 29. T. 173. f. 1. « Leaves 

 ovate, fcrratcd ; fpikes panicltd, terminal." La Marck. A 

 (hrub, nine or ten feet high. Branches tomentofe. Leaves 

 oppofite, acute, narrowing at their bafe into the petiole, 

 green above, whitidi beneath. Floiuers yellow, fmal', bell, 

 (haped, (eflile on the common peduncles. Lam. A native 

 of the Wed Indies, fent to Sir Hans Sloane from Jamaica 

 by Dr. Houdoun in 17JO. 3. Yi. occidenlalis. Linn. Pluk. 

 t. 210. f. I. is referred toby Linnasus, but La Marck thinks 

 that that figure does not exprefs any fpecies of this genus. 

 Giert. t. 4^. f. 7. Lam. Illull. PI. Cig. f. 1. «< Leaves 

 lanceolate, acuminate, flightly ferrated ; fpikes interrupted, 

 fomewhat panicltd." Lam. It differs from the precedino- 

 in having longer, narrower, and lefs ferrated leaves, white 

 flowers, and interrupted fpikes. Lam. Swartz doubts whe- 

 ther it be more than a variety. Miller, in addition to the 

 didinftions mentioned by La Marck, fays that it has long, 

 narrow, fpear-fliaped leaves between the (pikes; whereas 

 thofe of the former fpecies are naked. Sent to Mr. Miller 

 from Carthagena by Dr. Houdoun. j. B. hetordcjefolia 

 Lam. illult. " Leaves ovate-oblong, flightly fcoUoped, 

 3 O 2 much 



