BUG 



alfo concludes, that the Rhodians, about 300 years before 

 Clirill, founded a colony on the Biij^cy, and on the au- 

 thority of Phny and Eufebius, he affumes that they gave 

 their name to the river Rhone. He farther fuggefts, from 

 fome names that occur in Biigey, that fome intercourfe for- 

 merly fubfilled between this country and England ; and tliat 

 the Gauls peopled our ifland, and founded the cities of 

 London and Dover. 



BUGGANZ, Baka-Banva, or Bukanetz, a royal, 

 free, and mine town of Hungary, in the Bath dillrift, 

 formerly fambus for its gold and fdver mines, but now fub- 

 filling by tillage. It was facked and burnt by the Turks 

 in 1664 ; J 2 miles W. of Gran. 



BUGGARD, a town of Denmark, in the ifland of 

 Funen, 16 miles W. of Odenfc, or Ottenfee. 



BUGGENHAGH, in Ichthyology, a fpecies of cypri- 

 Nus, dillinguifhed, according to Bloch, by having nineteen 

 rays in the anal fin. 



The length of this fifh is about twelve or fourteen inches : 

 the body is of a blackifh colour above : comprelTed on the 

 fides, and filvery fcales large : flelh white. This fort 13 

 fo«nd in the lakes of Germany and Sweden. 



BUGGERS, Bulgarii, anciently fignified a kind of he- 

 retics, otherwife called Pater'mi, Cathari, and /llbigenfes. 



The word is formed of the French Bbugres, which figni- 

 fied the fame, and that from Bougr'ta or Bulgaria, the coun- 

 try where they chiefly appeared. 



The Buggers are mentioned by Matthew Paris, in the 

 reign of Henry HI. under the name of Bugares. Circa dies 

 autem illos invaluil hitrelica pravitas eorum qui vulgariter di- 

 cuntur Paterini tf Bugares, de quorum erroribus malo tacere 

 qiiam loqui. 



BuGGKR, or BuGGERER, Came afterwards to be ufed 

 for a Sodomite ; it being one of the imputations laid, right or 

 wrong, on the Bulgarian heretics, that they taught, or at 

 lead praftifed, this abominable crime. Cafen. Orig. p. 27. 

 Menag. Orig. p. 114. Trev. Dift. Univ. torn. i. p. 1149. 

 voc. Bougre. Du-Cange, Gloff. Lat. tom. i. p. C37. voc. 

 Bulgari. 



Bugger, Bu/garius, is alfo a denomination given to 

 ufurers, a vice to which the fame heretics are faid to have 

 been much adifted. Du-Cange, GlolT. Lat. tom. i. 

 P- 6j7. 



BUGGERY, in our Laws, fignifies the crime of fodomy ; 

 It is faid to have been introduced into England by the Lom- 

 bards, by whom it is ufually fiippofed to have been borrowed 

 from ihe Bougres, or Bulgarians. Sir Edward Coke defines 

 buggery, carnalis copula contra naiuram, et hoc per cunfufioncm 

 fpecierum (viz. by a man's or woman's coupling with a brute 

 bead) velfexuum, by a man's having to do with a man, or 

 a woman with a woman. 



The dehcacy of the Englifh law treats this crime, in its 

 very indiftments, as not fit to be named, " peccatum illudhor- 

 ribile, inter Chrijlianos non nomiitandum." Rot. Pail. jo. 

 Edw. III. n. 58. A fimilar taciturnity was obferved by the 

 edidl of Conftantius and Conftans. Cod. 9. 9.31. 



This crime the voice of naturs and of reafon, and the ex- 

 prefs law ot God (Lev. xx. 13. 15.) determine to be capital. 

 Of this we have a fignal inllance long before the Jevvifh dif- 

 penfation, in the deltrudlion of two cities by fire from hea- 

 ven ; fo that this is an univerfal, not merely a provincial 

 precept. Our ancient law in fome degree imitated this pu- 

 nilhment, by commanding fuch mifcreants to be burnt to 

 death (Brit. c. p.) ; though Fleta (1. i.e. 37.) fays/ they 

 fhould be buried alive ; either of which punifhments was 

 indifferently ufed for this crime among the ancient Goths. 

 Stieni. de jure Goth. 1. 3. c. 2. But now the general pu- 



BUG 



nilhment of all felonies is the fame, namely by hanging : 

 and this oflcnce (being in the times of popery only fiibjtil 

 to ccclefiailical cenfures) was made felony without benefit of 

 clergy by ftatute 25 Hen. VIII. c. 6. revived and confirmed 

 by 5 Eliz. c. 17. And the rule of law is, that if both are 

 arrived at years of difcretion, agcutes et corifcniiniles pari 

 pana pkdantur. 3 Inft. 59. If the perfon on wiioni it is 

 committed be a boy under the age of difcretion (generally 

 reckoned at fourteen), it is then felony only in the agent. 

 All perfons prefent, aiding and abetting in this crime, are 

 principals ; and the llatutcs make it felony generally. There 

 may be acecflaries before and after the faft ; but they are 

 not, like principals, excluded from benefit of clergy, i 

 Hale's Hill. P. C. 670. In every indiftment for this offence, 

 there muft be the words, '■^ rem hahuil vencream et carnaliter 

 cognovit. Sec." By the articles of the navy (art. 29. flat. 

 22 Geo. II. c. 3j.), this crime, committed by any perfon in 

 the fleet, is punilhed with death by the fentence of a court- 

 martial. Buggery is ufually excepted out of our afts of 

 general pardon. This " crime againfl nature,'' fays judge 

 Blackftone (vol.iv. p. 21 j.), ouglit to be ilriflly and impar- 

 tially proved, and then as ftritUy and impartially punidied. 

 But it is an offence of fo dark a nature, fo eafily charged, 

 and the negative fo difficult to be proved, that the accufa- 

 tion fliould be clearly made out ; for, if falfe, it deferves a 

 punifiiment inferior only to that of the crime itfelf. Threats 

 of charging perfons with this crime, or aftual accufations, 

 are methods to which the profligate frequently recur for the 

 purpofe of extorting money, which is an aft of felony. 

 BUGGESSES, in Geography. See BoNi, and BouGl- 



NESE. 



BUGIA, or BoujEiAH, a large fea-port town of Afri- 

 ca, in the kingdom of Algiers, and province of Contlan- 

 tina. It is built upon the ruins of a large city, the fup- 

 pofcd Saldse of Strabo, conftrufted by the Romans at the 

 foot of a high mountain that looks towards the north-eafl : 

 a great part of the walls runs up to the fummit of the 

 mountain, where is a caftle that commands the place, befidcs 

 two others at the bottom, built for a fecurity to the port. 

 It is one of the garrifoned towns of the kingdom, where 

 three fuffrahs continually refide ; but though the garrifon 

 confifts of from two to three hundred men, it is not fufficient 

 to overawe and prevent the depredations of the Kabyles, 

 who difturb the town on every market-day, and are guilty 

 of unfufferable rapine and barbarity. The town is watered 

 by a large river, called by Marmol and Dapper, " Huet el 

 Quibir," or the '• great river," which is fuppoftd to be the 

 " Nafava" of Ptolemy, as it difcharges itfelf into the fea a 

 little to the eaftward, after having received a great number 

 of rivulets. The harbour, called by Strabo the port of 

 Sarda, or rather Salda, is formed by a narrow neck of land, 

 that runs out into the fea ; a great part of which was for- 

 merly faced with hewn ftone. Over this was condufted an 

 aquaeduft for fupplying the port with water, by difcharg- 

 ing it into large bafons ; but the well, aquseduft, and bafons 

 are deftrayed : and the tomb of Seedy Bufgrte, one of the 

 tutelar faints of the place, is the only thing remaining worth 

 notice. Bugia is a populous place ; and the inhabitants 

 carry on a coiifiderablc trade in plough-fliares, mattocks, and 

 fuch utcnfils, which they inanufafture of the iron fupplicd 

 by the adjacent mines. The Kabyles likewife furnilh every 

 market with great quantities of oil, wax, and dried figs, 

 which are (hipped off for the Levant, and fometimesfor Eu- 

 rope. They alfo fupply foap and timber fit for building. 

 N. lat. 36° 35'. E. long. 5° 20'. 



BUGIE, a fea.port town of Egypt, on the well coaft of 

 the Red fea, nearly oppofite to Sidon, the port town of 



Mecca» 



