B V L 



li:tlf water flioulJ be occafionnlly given, when tlic f;afon is 

 dry, to keep tlie foil moill, but not \va. Tlie feeds may 

 be profcc'kcd till they come up by u little covcr-iig of fomc 

 kind of IliMwy innteriai. Other fouiiigs may be made in 

 Lurch, or t!i^ following morth, the boxes being brought 

 ii:lo fouthern expofures, where there is only the morning 

 fuii, towards M.iy. Tiie young fetdliug plants (hould be 

 jroteded in fevere and frully weather, and where there is 

 ij-.uch rain, by means of mats, hoops, and reed hurdles, or 

 other contrivarces, to break off the north-call wi-.ds. 'i he 

 young plants fliould likewife be kept properly thinned out, 

 and perfectly free from weeds ; and when the (Icius decay. 

 a little mould fliould be put upon them to the thicknefs of 

 |}alf an inch. In the following fummer when the leaves de- 

 cay, as about Augu'.l, they Ihould be planted out into nur- 

 sery beds at the diftance of two or three inches, according 

 to the kinds. Some forts, as the hyacinth and tulip, le- 

 guire to be re:novcd from this into another nurfery bed, as 

 (oon as their tops decline, and fet at )ix inches dillance ; or 

 it is probably a better praClice to thin them out to this dif- 

 tance in the firll beds. After thi^ they are to be managed 

 as blowing plants. 



Thele foru of roots of plants blow at different lenjths of 

 time after being raifed ; lome in the following year, and 

 others not till feveral years afterwards, as will be exphined 

 under the culture of each of the different forts. 



The bulbous rooted plants conftitute fnme of the mod 

 lliowy and ornamtr.tal flowers of the beds, clumps, and 

 borders of the garden and pleafure ground, affording conli- 

 derable variety from their bUnving at different periods during 

 the early fpring, fummer, and autumnal feafons. 



BUL.CARD, in Iihthyolo^^y, a name under which 

 Willaghby defcribes Blenn'ms pholis, the fmooth Blenny ; a 

 fifli found on the Cornifh and other coafls. 



BULCKAU, or BuLKA, in Gcogri'ply, a town of 

 Germany, in the arch-duchy of Audria, feated on a river 

 of t''.e fame name, which runs into the Taya, 4 miles W. of 

 Laab ; the town is diHant one mile W. from Schrattentaal. 



BULDAT, a town of the Arabian Irak ; 20 miles E. of 

 Baidad. 



BULDURUISKOI, a town of Siberia; 133 miles 

 E.S.E. of Kcrtchinflc. 



BULEPHORUS, in the court of the eaftern empe- 

 rors, was the fame officer wichyj/mm^ rci ration alis. 



BULEUT7E, in the cities of Greece and Alia, were the 

 fame wit'; \.\\c decunoiics at Rome. Calv. Lex. Jur. p. 128. 

 See Decurio. The word has been fometimes alfo ufed to 

 aenoicfi-iifit'irs. See StNATOR. 



BULEUTERIA, 'linXrfi,;^ix, in Girdan Jntijni/y, ipuh- 

 lic halls at Athens, where companies of tradefmen affembled 

 to deliberate on commercial concerns. Trade was much 

 encouraged in this city : and if any one ridiculed it, he was 

 liable to an adion of llander. Solon himftlf was engaged 

 in merchandize ; the founder of the city Maifiiia was a mer- 

 chant ; Thales, and Hippocrates the mathematician, traded; 

 and Plato fold oil in Egypt. Under the Roman empire, 

 the fenate, or general council of Grecian cities, was called 



Bule" from BaXri, co.-i/i/ium : its members were denomi- 

 naied " Buleuts," and the place where it met at Syracufc, 

 " Buleuterium." 



BULUNCH'S Harbour, in Geo^raphs', lies on the 

 north- weft coaft of North America, in N. lat. 46° O' 5o". 

 W. long. 123° 7' 30". -T J 



BULGANAC, a river on the fouth-weft coail of the 

 Crimea, in the Black Sea, falling into the fca in N. lat. 44° 

 j8'. E. long. 34° 30'. 



B U L 



Bl'LGAR, a mountain of AJiatic Turkey, in the pvo- 

 vinco of Carannnia ; 30 miles S. of Cogni. 



BULGARIA, Grf.at, the name given by fome geo- 

 graphers to a province of Alia, in Ruffian Tartary, fituated 

 btvond the Volga, on the b-anks of the rivers Kama, Bic- 

 laia, and Samara, but now incorporated into the dominions 

 of Ruffla, and forming part of the government of Caucafus. 

 Ita ancient capital was Bulgar, Beloger, Belgard, or Bor- 

 gard, which lay 30 verfts below the mouth of the Kama, 

 and 5 from the Volga ; but according to other accounts 

 the Volgi flowed by the town. Borgard was firll ravaged 

 by the Tartars i;i 11,34, and in ijco entirely dellroyed by 

 the Ruffians. See Bulgarians. 



Bulgaria, Lltth, a province of European Turkey, 

 bounded on the north by the Danube and Walachia, on the 

 eafl by the Black fea, on the fouth by Mount Hsmus, 

 which feparated it from Romania and Macedonia, and on the 

 weft by Servia. It was formerly called the Lower Myfia, 

 but derives its prefent name from the Bulgarians, by whom 

 it was occupied. Its extent is about 280 miles in 

 length and 180 in breadth. The country in general is 

 mountainous, but the pbins and valleys, waftied by the 

 Danube and rivers that flow into it, are rich and fertile, and 

 produce corn and wine in great abundance. Its ancient 

 capital was Ternowa, but its kings principally relided at 

 Nicopoli ; but its prefent capital is Sophia. It now forms a 

 part of the Ottoman empire. The inhabitants are moftly 

 Chriftians of the Greek church, ignorant and fuperllitions, 

 having one patriarch and three archbilliops, fubjeft to the 

 avithority of the patriarch of Conftantinople. Tliey are in- 

 termixed, however, with Turkifli Mahometans and Jews. 

 Their language is the Sclavonic, (which fee,) but in pro- 

 nunciation differing little from the Servian. The country 

 is divided by the Turks into four Sangiakftiips, viz. thofe 

 of Bidin or Widin, Sardic comprehending Sophia, Nicopoli, 

 and Siliftria. The prefent inhabitants, though defcended 

 from anceftors who dillinguifllcd themfelves by their martial 

 achievements, are occupied in graziery, agriculture, and 

 handicrafts. This country is famous for a gate, con- 

 ftrufted by the emperor Trajan in the hills fouth of Sophia, 

 among fteep rocks and precipices almoft inaccelTible, in com- 

 memoration of his having marched with his army along a 

 road formed by binifclf through places that were before 

 impervious. It confills of two ftone pillars, with an arch 

 over them, reprefenting a gate ; but is now in a iniiti'ated 

 and ruinous condition. 



BULGARIANS, or BolGARtAns, in Ancient Hi/lory, 

 a tribe of Sclavonians, who are fuppofed to have inhabited 

 Afiatic Scjthia and the countries lying north of the Caf- 

 pian fea, near the Volga, whence it is faid they obtained 

 the name Volgari, which was changed into Bulgari ; and 

 ihence their conntry was denominated Volgaria and Bulga- 

 ria. Others, however, rejeft this etymology, alleging 

 that the Volga was anciently called Raa, or, in Arabic, 

 Idel ; and deduce the appellation of Bulgarians either from 

 their famous and large city Belgard, or from the denomina- 

 tion of Bilirians which they affumed. The Bulgarian;-., 

 after having extended their borders along the Don and the 

 Yaik, about the Volga and the Kama, carried on a great 

 trade to Pcrfia, Bucharia, India, Greece, and even to 

 Italy and France, by the Euxinc. They alfo traded con- 

 fiderably with the Ruffians, and, by their inllrnmentality, 

 with the northern nations. Bulgaria was therefore, in for- 

 mer times, the emporium of the European and Afiatic com- 

 merce. The Bulgarian empire fell afterv.ards under the 

 dominion of the Tartars, and when the Ruffians conquered 



the 



