BULL. 



to liim ajainS tlie perfon who is fuppoftd to make it ;. tlni3 

 the fault i<i bid, wljere it is known not to be jiill, to evade 

 iitfontinfT the pontiff. Ste Fulmination. 



The lull in arita Domini, is a bull read every year on 

 Mainidav-Thurfdny, i" the pope's prtfence; containing va- 

 rious c!iCv)iTimiu)ications and execrations againll heretics, 

 thofe who difi.bty the lee, who dillurb or oppofe tlie excr- 

 cife of tcckliadical jurifdiAion, &c. 



After thedeatli of the pope, no bulls arc difpafchcd dur- 

 iTi'T the vacancy of the fee. to prevent any abufes ; there- 

 fore, as loon ai the pope is dead, the vice-chancellor of the 

 Roman church takes the feal of the bulls ; and in the pre- 

 fcnce of ftveral pci fons, orders the name of the dcccafed 

 pope to be erafed ; and covers the other fide on which are 

 the heads of St. Peler and St. Paul, with a linen cloth •> 

 fealing it up with, his own feal, and giving it, thus covered, 

 to the chamberlain, to be prcferved, that no bulls may be 

 fcal-d with it in the mean time. 



Thefe decrees of the pnpe are often mentioned in our 

 flatutes, as 2^ Edw. III. uS Hen. VIII. c. l6. ; i and 2 

 Ph. and M. c. 8. ; and 13 Eliz. o. 2. Tlicy were formerly 

 ufed, and of force in this count ry ; but by flat. 28 Hen. VI II. 

 c. 16. all bulls, ^-;c. obtaiuti.'. fiom the biihnp of Rome are 

 void; and by 1 ; Eliz. c. 2. (fee alfo 2j Eliz. c. I.) the 

 procuring, publiflJng, or ufing of any of them is high 

 treafon. 



Bull, goIJtn, is a denomination peculiarly given to an 

 ordinance, or ftatute, made by the emperor Charles IV. in 

 IJ56, faid to have been drawn up by that celebrated lawyer, 

 Bartoli, and ilill reputed the magna charla. or fundamental 

 law of the empire. It was compoicd and publiflitd at a diet 

 convoked by the emperor at Nuremberg ; and is thus called 

 from a golden feal fixed to it, fnch as were ufed by the em- 

 perors of C<m!lnntinople, annexed to their edidls. 



Till the publication of the golden bull, the form and 

 ceremony of the eletl'on of an emperor were dubious, and 

 undetermined ; and the number of eleftors was not fi.sed : 

 this folemn edict regulating the funftions, rights, privileges, 

 and pre-eminences of the cle£lor«. Tlie original, which is 

 in Latin, on vellum, is kept at Franckfort. On tlie back 

 fide of it there are feveral knots of black and yellow fiik, 

 to which hangs a lull, or teal of gold. It is pierced 

 through the middle with a golden wire, the ends of which 

 are faftened by a feal of gold, about the fize of a half 

 crown, one tide exhibiting the llgure of Charles IV. 

 upon a throne, and the reverfe, a kind of gate, infcribed 

 •• Aurea Rorr.ana." On the exergue are thefe words : 

 " Carolus IV. Rom. Imp. fcmper Auguftus, rex Bohe- 

 mia." This is preferved in a fquare wooden box. This 

 ordinance, containing thirty articles, was approved of by 

 all the prince? of the empire, and remains IHII in force. 

 The eleiStto;i of the empire is by it declared to belong to 

 feven eleftors ; three of them eeclcfiaflics, viz. the arch- 

 bifliops of Mentz, Treves, and Cologn ; and four fecnlars, 

 viz. the king of Bohemia, prince Palatine, duke of Saxony, 

 and marquis of Brandenburg. 



Bull, Caroline, a famous conftitution publifhed by 

 Charles IV. A.D. 1.559, which cancelled all the flatutes or 

 regulations that had been made to the prejudice of eccle- 

 fialUcal liberty, and denounced the feverell penalties againft 

 thofe who (hould aggrieve the perfons of the clergy. It 

 was iffued in order to pacify pope Innocent VI., who had 

 been alarmed and offended by fome plans of reformation 

 which the emperor had adopted. With a view of reforming 

 the German clergy, he commumcated to the bifhops the 

 meafures he had taken for this purpofe, and threatened ta 

 feq^ueftrate the revenues of thofe who fliould rcfufe to obey 



his ordcru. The pope, believing the honour and liberty of 

 ccclefiallics at Hake, dcfircd the emperor to forbear meddling 

 with the refoimation of the clergy, which was his prorincc, 

 and indrted upon his reftorirg what the ficiilar nobltmtn 

 had at different t'mcs ufurped fioni cccleliallics. This cir- 

 cumllancc occafioned the publication of tlic Caroline bull. 



Bulls, golden, were in ufe among the eallerii emperors- 

 for a conllderable time, leaden ones being coulincd to mat- 

 ters of a fmaller moment. Spelmau nicniiuns a golden- 

 bull, in a treaty of alliance with our Henry VIII. and 

 Francis I. of France: the fame author relates, that the in- 

 llrunicnt, whereby Clement VI 1. gave king Henry V HI., 

 the title of Defender of the Faith, had golden bulla af- 

 fixed to it ; and there are other inlhinces in Uu-Cange and 

 Alt.iferra. 



TjV Li.-i, Jilver, were not in fo frequent ufc, though in- 

 ffa;ice3 of lliem are not wanting. 



Bulls, leaden, were fent by the emperors of Cofillanti- 

 nople, to defpots, patriarchs, and princes; and the like 

 were alfo ufed by the giandees of the imperial court, as well 

 as by the kings of France, Sicily, &c. and by bilhops, pa- 

 triarchs, and popes. Polydore Virgil makes pnpe Ste- 

 phen III. the full vvhoufi.d leaden /(;//>, about the year7;3-. 

 But others find inllanees of them as early as Svlveltcr, 

 Leo. I. and Gregory the Great. The later popes,' belides 

 their own names, llrikc the figures of St. Peter and St. Paul 

 on their bulls ; a pradlice lirlf introduced by pope Pafchal 

 II. ^ ^ 



Bulls, waxen, arc faid to have been Crtl brought into 

 England by the Normans. They were in frequent ufe 

 among the Greek emperors, who thus fealed letters to their 

 wives, mothers, and fons. Of thefe there were two forts, 

 one red, the other green. Du-Cange, Gloff. Lat. torn. i. 

 & Gloff. Grxc. Montfaucon, Palrcolog. lib. vi. 



I'uLL of Phalaris, or Perillus, a brazen bull made by 

 Perillus the Athenian, to flatter the cruelty of Phalaris, 

 tyrant of Agrigentum, for the purpofe of tormenting cri- 

 minals. It was formed in the fiiape of that quadiuped;. 

 and when perfons were inclofcd in it, fire was applied, and 

 their cries are faid to have rel'emhlcd the roaring of a bull.. 

 Perillus is faid to have been the liill who fuffcr^d in it, for 

 having extorted too great a reeompence for the conilrutlion- 

 of it. Phalaris himfclf was puuilhed by the people of Agri- 

 gentum for his cruelty, by being put to death, as fome fay, ia 

 his own bull. When Hannibal took the city, this bull,, 

 air.ong olh.er treafnrcs and valuable curio'.ilies, was fent to 

 Carthage; but it was afterwards rtllored to the Agrigen- 

 tines by Scipio, when he took Carthage, in the third Punic 

 war. Cic. 1. iv. in Vctrem. c. 33. 



Bull, in Geography, a large rock in the Atlantic ocean^ 

 abiiut three miles W. of Durfev ifland, on thecoad of the 

 county of Kerry, Ireland. N. lat. 51'^ ^;>,'. W. long. 

 10° 9'. 



Bull, a rock near the weft point of the iHand of Ragh- 

 lin, in the North channel, about feven miles N.W. of 

 Fiirhead, in the county of Antrim, Ireland. N.lat. 55° jo'. 

 W.long. 6° to'. 



Bull, North and Sou'Ji, two banks of fand in the bay of. 

 Dublin, Ireland, between which lies the fmall fand bank, 

 called the bar. There are buoys to mark thefe banks, but 

 notwithltanding every improvement of the harbour, sxii. 

 every precaution, they fometimes occalion fliipwrecks. 



Bull, in Rural Economy, an animal of much importance 

 to the Hock farmer. For the purpofes of the breeder the 

 head of the bull (hould, according to Mr,_ Culley, " be ra- 

 ther long, and the muzzle fine; his eyes lively and promi- 

 nent, his ears long and tluo, his boriu white; his neck, 



riling. 



