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nfin(^ with a gentle curve from the fliouWers, and Tmall and 

 fine wtierc it joins the head ; his fhouldors moderately broad 

 lit the top, joining full to his chine, or crops and chetl back- 

 waids, and to the neck-vein forwards; his bofom open, 

 brtall broad, and projefting well before liis legs, his arms 

 or fore thighs mufciilar, and tapering to his knee ; his legs 

 ilraight, clean, and very tine-boned ; his chine and cheft lo 

 full as to leave no hollows behind the fhouldcrs, the plates 

 ftroiig, to keep his belly from finking below the level of 

 Iiis bread ; his back or loin broad, ihaight, and flat, his ribs 

 lifing one above another in fuch a manner, that the laft rib 

 may be rather the higheft, leaving only a fmall fpace to the 

 hips or hooks, the whole forming a round or barrel-like 

 carcafe ; his hips flionld be wide placed, round or globular, 

 and a little higher tlinn the back, the quarters from the hip 

 to the rump long ; and inlL ad of being fquarc, as recom- 

 mended by fome, they fliould taper gradually from the hips 

 backwards, and the turls or pott-bones not in tlie lead pro- 

 tuberant ; rumps clufe to tiie tail, the tail broad, well haired, 

 and fet on fo high as to be in the fame horizontal line with 



his back." 



Tiiisis an animal chiefly kept for the purpofe of propagation, 



though he is capable of being fubj-ded to the yoke ; but 

 tiiere is no certainty of his working quietly ; and the ufe 

 he may make of Lis prodigious llrength rtiould conflantly 

 be guarded againll. Bulls arc for the moll part naturally 

 imlradlable, ftubborn, and fierce; and frequently in the 

 bulling feafon abloluttly furious and uncontrollable ; how- 

 ever, by caftration, they may be rendered perfectly tame 

 and quiet, without the lead diminution of their ilrength. 

 'They alfo often grow larger, more heavy and unwieldy, and 

 become more adapted to labour, as well as more tradable, 

 by this operation. See Ox and Cattle. 



The difpofition of thefe animals is, however, (hewn to 

 depend greatly upon the manner in which they are reared 

 by the praftice of Mr. Bakewell, who had all his bulls fo 

 tame and gentle, that they could be managed with the 

 grcatell facility. 



Among the /Incu-nls, thofe who triumphed, facrificed a 

 bull, w'.ien they arrived at the capitol. Bulls were offered 

 to Apollo and Neptune. It was held a crime to facrifice 

 them to Jupiter, though we do not want in fiances of that 

 praftice. 



Bulls were ranked by the Romans in the number of mili- 

 tary rewards. 



Bull, African, in Natural Hiflory, afmallwild bull, com- 

 mon in that part of the world, and fuppofed to be the true 

 biibalus of the ancients. See Bubalus. 



Bull's Hood, frelh drawn, is faid to be a powerful poi- 

 fon, as coagulating in the ftomach. This is related on the 

 authority of Pliny, xxviii. 9. and xi. 38. and many perfons 

 among the ancients, fuch as jEfon, Midas, Hannibal, and 

 Thcmillocles, are faid to have been poifoned by it. But the 

 faft has been quellioned by fome, and denied by others. 

 See Apollodorns, lib. I. cap. 27. Strabo, lib. i. p. 106. 

 I'lutarch in Flaminio ; and Valer. Maxim, vol. vi. ext. 3. 



Bull's ^(i//, is an intenfc bitter, more pungent and acri- 

 monious than that of any other animal ; whence it is fome- 

 times ufed to dellroy worms. 



Bull, bannal, denotes a bull kept by a lord, who has a 

 right to demand all his tenants to bring their cows to be 

 ferved by him. 



■_BuiL, /nv, according to Du-Cange, fignifies the fame 

 ■v'llh bannal lull. Hence /auW liberi liberlas ; which, how- 

 ever, fiiould rather feem to denote a privilege of keeping a 

 bull independent of the lord. 

 ■ BuiLs, tuild. The wild bulls, now fo numerous on the 



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continent of America, are faid to have fprung from one bull 

 and fevcn cows, which were carried thither by fome of the 

 firll conquerors. 



In the ifland of Hifpaniola, the French buccaneers pur- 

 fue bulls with dogs, and kill them with fire arms. See 

 BuCCANEFRS. At Buenos Ayres, the Spanifli toradors 

 chafe them on horfeback, armed with a long lanoe, at the 

 end of which is a half-moon of fharp fled. Having drav. ii 

 a number of the horned kind together, they let the cows 

 efcape, but dexlroufly take the bulls with their half-moons 

 on the hind-legs, by wiiich, difabling them from flight, they 

 are eafily difpatched. 



BuLL-ifl;/;«;'. Sec Baiting. 



V>vi.\.-Ji^hlhig, a fport or exercife much in vogue among^ 

 the Spaniards and Poi tuguefe, confifling in a kind of com- 

 bat of a cavalier or torador againft a wild bull, either on foot 

 or on horfeback, by riding at him with a lance. The Spa- 

 niards have buU-fightf, i. e. feafts, attended with fliews, in 

 honour of St. John, the Virgin Mary, &c. This fport the 

 Spaniards received from the Moors, among whom it was 

 celebrated with great eclat. Some think, that the Moors 

 might have received the cuftom from the Romans, and they 

 from the Greeks. Dr. Plott is of opinion, that the Tcupo- 

 xcfistJ-iKv Jijucfai amongft the Theflalians, who firfl inflituted 

 this game, and of whom Julius Cxfar learned and brought 

 it to Rome, were the origin both ot the Spanifh and Portu- 

 guefe bull-fighting, and of the Englifh bull-running. Nat, 

 Hill. StafF. chap. X. § 76. 



The praftice was prohibited by pope Pius V. under pain 

 of excommunication, incurred ipfo fado. But fucceeding 

 popeshave granted feveralmitigationsinbehalfof the toradors. 



Mr. Gibbon, in his " Hillory of the Dechne and Fall of 

 the Roman Empire," (vol. xii. p. 421.) has extrafted from 

 Muratori (Script. Rer. Italic, tom. 12.) an account of a 

 buU-feafl, which was celebrated in 13^2, after the fafhion 

 of the Moors and Spaniards, in the Cohfoeum at Rome. 

 The nobles were invited by a general proclamation, com- 

 municated as far as Rimini and Ravenna, to exeiciie their 

 flcill and courage in this perilous adventure. The Roman 

 ladies were marfhalled in three fquadions, and feated in 

 three balconies, which were lined on this occafion with fcar- 

 let cloth. When the company was coUefted and arranged, 

 the lots of the champions were drawn by an old and refpeft- 

 able citizen ; and they defcended into the arena, or pit, to 

 encounter the wild bulls with a fingle fpear. Am.idtl the 

 crowd, the annalill has felefted the names, colours, and de- 

 vices, of 20 of the mofl confpicuous knights. Several of 

 the names are the mofl illuflrious of Rome and the ecclcfi. 

 aflical flate ; the colours were adapted to their tafle and li- 

 tuation ; and the devices are expreflive of hope or defpair, 

 and breathe the fpirit of gallantry and arms; the combats 

 of the amphitheatre were dangerous and bloody. Every 

 champion fucceflively encountered a wild bull ; and the vic- 

 tory may be afcribed to the quadrupeds, fince no more than 

 eleven were left on the field, with the lofs of nine wounded, 

 and eighteen killed on the fide of their adverfaries. Some 

 of the nobleft, famihes might mourn, but the pomp of the 

 funerals in the churches of St. John Latcran, and Maria 

 Maggiore, afforded a fecond holiday to the people. 



Similar combats with bulls in the amphitheatres, have 

 been jaflly regarded as a ftriking feature of Spanifh and 

 Portugnefe manners. Some have fuppofed that thefe fpec- 

 tacles, by rendering bloodflied famihar to the people, tend 

 to deaden fenfibihty, and to make the national charafter 

 ferocious and brutal. Others think, that they ferve as an 

 antidote to timidity, and as a means of cherifhing refolution 

 and valour. But theories of this kind are not juflified by 



fafts. 



