BUN 



BUN 



with a multitude of genci-a, may divide it according to the 

 internal ftriidture of the dnip;-, and the feeds into Bunias, 

 Loelia, and Erucago. In confeqiience of this tftablifhed 

 principle, he has not only reftored the genus Cakile of 

 Toiiinefort, but Ims alfo introduced a neW one for the Eii- 

 nias cornuta of Linn-eiis, under the generic name Pugio- 

 nium, hompuglo a dagger, fuggelled by the (hapeof thefiiigu- 

 larprocefles from the lihcle. Willdeiiow and Ventenat have 

 admitted the tliree genera, and the latter has alfo again 

 made Erucago a diftinft genus. In this diverfity of opi- 

 nion, we have thought it bell to keep the Linnxan genus 

 entire, only adopting the efientiil chara&er given by Dr. 

 Smith in his Flora Britannica, which appears to be equally 

 comprchenfive of the proper fpecies and exclufive of 

 others. 



Bun 1 AS Synaca, of Gxrtner and Willdcnow. See 

 Anastatica Syriaca. La Marck fays that it has the fruit 

 of his iMyagrum, and confequcntly cannot belong to tiie 

 genus Anaftatica. Gm-rtner, when his plates were engraved, 

 followed the arrangement of Linncsiis, but, when he wrote 

 the defcriptions, had difcovered that the filicle is properly a 

 drupe, though the rind is fo thin as to be fcarcely difcerni- 

 ble, and that, therefore, it belongs to his genus Bunias. 



BuNiAS, Gerard. -See Brassica i\''i;/«j-. 



BUNIUM, (fuppofed, like Bunias, to be derived from 

 jSouvoi, a hill, as is faid, from its affedling high fituations, 

 but that being neither its peculiar nor univerfal character, 

 it is probably fo called from the form of its root^ Earth- 

 nut, Kipper-nut, Pig-nut, or Hawk-nut. Linn. gen. 33J. 

 Schrcb. 46S. Willden. 53;. Juff. 223, Vent. vol. iii. 

 3c. Gsert. 807. Bulbocaftaiium Tourn. Clafs and order, 

 pentandrla digytiia. Nat. Ord. UmhcUata: Linn. Uinhel- 

 lijerx Juff. 



Gen. char. Umbel umverfal manifold, with rays fewer 

 than twenty : partial, very (hort, crowded. Irfuolucre uni- 

 verfal fliort, of many linear leaves, fometimes not more than 

 three, or only one, and after the flowers are opened, often 

 entirely wanting : partial fetaceous, the length of the par- 

 tial umbel. Perianf/j proper (carcely apparent. Coral uni- 

 verfal uni^ovm. Florets all fertile. Cor. proper of five in- 

 flex-cordate, equal petals. Stam. filaments five, (horter 

 than the corolla, fimple : anthers fimple. Pi/l. germ ob- 

 long, inferior : ilyles two, reflexed ; ftigmas obtufe. 

 Peric. none : fruit ovate, fplitting in two. Seeds two, 

 ovate, convex on one fide, flat on the other. Linn, five 

 ftriated, the fpaces between the ftreaks flightly wrinkled. 

 Gsrt. 



Eifen. Char. Cor. Uniform. Umbel crowded. Fruit 

 ovate. 



Sp. I. V>. Bulbocaflanum. Linn. (B. minus. Gouan.) La 

 Marck, 111. 197. " Involucre many-leaved : Item ftraightand 

 leafy at the bafe." Dr. Smith. " Leaves uniform, involucre 

 many-leaved." Willd. " Fruit fomewhat cylindrical, thicker 

 at the apex ; ftyles reflexed, deciduous." Gouan. Root 

 perennial, tuberous, rouudifti. Stem round, alternately 

 branched, leafy, ftriated, fmooth. I.ea-ves tripinnate : 

 fegments linear, of ten trifid. Umbels terminal, ereft. 

 Partial umbels clofe, white. Involucre three times fhorter 

 than the rays. Dr. Smith. Common on the Continent ; 

 rare in England ; found by Martyn in the time of 

 Dillenius, near Hornfey wood, and by Mr. William Wood, 

 lately in Kenfington gardens. 2. B. Jlexuofum, Stokes in 

 Withering and Dr. Smith. (B. majus. Gouan and Will- 

 denow.) " Involucre of three leaves or lefs ; ftem naked, 

 tapering, and zig-zag at the bafe." Dr. Smith. " Stem 

 leaves very narrow, involucre none." Willd. " Fruit 

 ovate, acuminate J ftyles permanent." Gouan. Root tu- 



berous, roundifli. Stem elongated tinder the cnrth, tapering, 

 zig-zag, white ; about a foot and a half high, creft, 

 branched, leafy, ftriated, fmooth. Radical leaves on long 

 petioles, tripinnate; (Vgments linear, pinnatifid and gaflied ; 

 ftem leaves nearly fcffile, tritcrnate, finely divided ; flieath 

 ftiort, grooved, fmooth, the edge membranous and whitifh. 

 Umbels feveral ; univerfal rays from feven to twelve, partial 

 about twelve. Invnhirre umverfal and partial various ; in 

 Yorkfliire fpecimcns, the univcrial involucre mofl cjmmonly 

 confiftsof one or two lanceolate leaves, with three coloured 

 ribs, proceeding from a projeaing ring which furrounds the 

 bafe of the umbel ; partial one of from one to three leaves, ex- 

 aflly refemblingthofeof tlieuniverfal involucreand proceeding 

 from a fimilar ring. Styles vvliite according to Curtis, but 

 in our fpecimens they are purple, with globular ftigmas. A 

 native of heaths, dry paftures, and woods, in almoft every 

 part of England. Linnjeus confounded thefe two fpecies, 

 but, as Dr. Smith obferves, appeals to have drawn his de- 

 fcription from the Bulbocaftanum, the majus of old authors. 

 They knew only one fpecies, which muft have been the 

 flexuofum ; but Magnol, his contemporary, mentions both 

 in his index of plants growing about Montpelier, and adds 

 that he found them to be fpccilically different by cultivating 

 them in his garden. Johnfon, in his edition of Gerard, 

 diftinguiflied them, and Dillenius was rather inclined to 

 think them diftinft ; though Profeffor John Martyn, on 

 whofe authority he admitted the mtijus of the old botanills 

 as a Britilh plant, fufpctted that the difference was owing 

 to the roots growing nearer than ufual to the furface of the 

 ground. Gouan, who cuUivated them during eight years, 

 is furprized that they have not been diftinguiflied long 

 fince, and gives fpecific differences which, however, do not 

 fatisfy the prefent- profeffor Thomas Martvn. I3ut Dr. 

 Stokes and Dr. Smith have, we apprehend, now deter- 

 mined the queftion. The tuberous roots of both fpecies, 

 on account of their fweetifh tafte, have long been a favou- 

 rite efciilcnt with boys, and when boiled or roafted are faid 

 to be little inferior to cheftnuts. Ray recommends them 

 when feafontd with pepper as a nourifliing, ftimulating, 

 food ; and the old empirics attributed medical virtues to 

 them, which have long fince been exploded. Gouan and 

 Willdenow have pervcrfely given the fpecific name majus to 

 the minus of the old authors. 3. B. aromaticum, Linn. Mant. 

 218, " partial involucres of three leaves." Root annual, 

 and as Bofc obferves, probably not tuberous. Stcfn ereft, 

 even, alternately branched. Leaves refembling thofe of 

 Carum Car\ii, fuper-decompound. Umbel of ten or twelve 

 rays on a long, ftriated peduncle. Partial umbels fhort. 

 Univerfal involucre of about fix, fhort, awl-fliap:d leaves. 

 Partial involucres of about three leaves, the length of the 

 little umbel. Corolla white. Petals equal, inflex-cordate. 

 Seeds ovate, minute, yielding an aromatic odour, fimilar ta 

 Marjoram. A native of Crete and Syria. 



BuNiuM. Sauvaee, Monf. See Sison vcrticil.'atum. 



BUNIUS, Dalech. J. Bauh. See ^Ethusa Bunius. 



BuNius, Rumph. and Burm. See Stilago Bunius, 

 now difcovered to be the male of jintidefma alexiteria. 



BUNKER'S Hill, in Geogrnph. See Breed's Hill. 



BUNKLE'S Manuscript, in 'Biblical Hijlory, a mo. 

 dern MS. of the four Gofpels, noted in Mill Bu, and 70 in 

 the firft part of Weftein's New Teftament. When this 

 MS. was collated by Mill, it was the property of Mr. 

 Bunkle of London ; but at prefent it is preferved in the 

 Univerfity library of Cambridge. Whether it was written 

 a fhort time before or a fliort time after the invention of 

 printing, which laft is afferted by Wetftein, in oppofition to 

 Mill, is a matter of little importance. It is fuppofed to 



have 



