BUR 



BUR 



BuRDA, in fomc AliJJk ylge IVritcrs, denotes a garment 

 made of ruflies. 



RURDACK, an Ejryptian veflel, wliich (licep iifiially 

 drink out of at Cairo. Tlicy arc made of a peculiar fort of 

 earth, which is fuppofed to cool the water, and are always f^t 

 out to the north, to keep the cooler, and covered with a 

 ftrainer, to prevent any thing falling into the water; they 

 are of fo porous a (Iruftiire, that the water put into them 

 will get through them in a few days. 



BURDAH, in Geography, a town of Africa, near the 

 river Gambia, in the kingdom of Tomani. 



BURDALO, a river of Spain, in Eftremadura de Leon, 

 wliich rifes in the vicinity of Truxillo, and difcharges itfclf 

 into the Guadiana. 



BURDEGALA, or BuRDiCAtA, in /Indent Geography, 

 now Bourdeaux, a trading port-town of Gaul, in the fecond 

 Aquitania, the capital of the Bituriges Vivifci, f;ated on the 

 Garnmna. Strabo is the moll ancient author who mentions 

 it, and by his defcription he intimates, that the fea-watcr 

 formed a marfli in its vicinity. The poet Aufonius leads 

 u? to conclude, that the Druids had a fchool in this city ; it 

 was the place of his nativity, and he had been a profeffor in 

 its fchool. He has given a poetical defcription of this city. 

 See BouRDF.Aux. 



BURD EN properly fignifies a heavy weiglit or load. 



R'ngelberg recommends the bearing burdens as the bed 

 ■fort of exercife ; efpecially to ftrcngthen men of ftndy. To 

 this end, he had a gown lined with plates of lead, which he 

 could juft lift with both his hands. This load he bore fix or 

 feven days together, cither increafing or diminifiiing it as he 

 found occafion ; by which means he could both write and 

 exercife at the fi'.me time. 



Burden alfo denotes a fi.'ced quantity of certain commodi- 

 ties. A burden of gad-lteel, is two fcore, or uo pounds. 



Burden, or Burthen, the weight cf a (liip when not 

 overloaded to goto fca, and is ufually expreffed in tons, and 

 fometimes in lajls. The common method employed by 

 fhip-builders to find the tonnage of a fliip, is to multiply 

 the length of the keel by the extreme breadth, and the 

 product by half the extieme breadth ; then, this lad being 

 diviJed by 94, the quotient is the burden in tons. If the 

 fhip is afloat, and the tonnage required, the length of the 

 keel cannot be afcertained ; in this cafe, therefore, Ihip- 

 buildtrs nfe the following rule. From the extreme length 

 fubtraft three-fifths of the extreme breadth, the remainder 

 is the affumed length of the keel. Now the length of tlie 

 keel thus found being multiplied by the extreme breadth, 

 and that produft by half the breadth, which lall; prodntt 

 being divided by 94, will give the tonnage for merchants' 

 ftiips ; but for {hips of war the divifor is 103. 



According to an aft as fettled by the ij Geo. III. 

 chap. Ixxiv. the burden or tonnage of a (hip is to be found 

 as follows. Meafure the length from the after part of the 

 main ftern pod along the rabbet of the keel to a line per- 

 pendicular thereto, from the fore part of the main ttem 

 under the bowlprit; from which fubtraft three-fifths of the 

 extreme breadth, exclufive of any doubling, and the le- 

 malnder is to be eileemed the length of the k'ctl for afcertain- 

 ing the tonnage ; which, being multiplied by the breadth 

 and half-breadth, and divided by 94, as formerly, will give 

 the tonnage. When it becomes neceffary to afcertain the 

 burden of a (hip which is afloat, the following method is to 

 be obferved. Meafure the ncareft dillance, at the load 

 water mark, between the after part of the ftern-poft, and a 

 plumb line fufpended from the item ; which, dedufted from 

 the length mcafured from the point on the item where the 

 plumb-line was fufpended to a point perpendicularly above the 

 load water mark at the fore part of the ftern, the remaind-er 



is tlif extreme length of the (liip : from which fubtracl 

 three-fifths of the extreme breadth mcafured from outlidc 

 to outfide of the plank, exclufive of doubling or (licalhing, 

 and alfo one-fourth of the depth of the load watei- line ab.ift, 

 and the remainder W'U be the length of the keel for toni!.\ge ; 

 which, being multiplied by the breadth, and by the Iialf- 

 brcadth, and the produtt divided by 94, will give the bur- 

 then in tons. 



In Dr. Mackay's treatife on " Navigation," a rule, adapt- 

 ed to logarithms, is t;ivcn to find the tonnage of a (hip ; and 

 in his treatife 011 " the defcription and ulV of the Aiding rule," 

 is contaiu.d the method of afcertaining the tonnage by that 

 means. 



From tlie flighteft rcfleclion it will be evident the above- 

 mentioned rules, altiiongh fanitioned by praftice and by the 

 legidature, cannot give the true burthen of a (hip. Neither 

 is the depth taken into the account ; and although the 

 length, extreme breadlti and depth are taken into confidera- 

 tion, yet the form of the boltoin, and the dimenfions of the 

 (hip at various other parts are neglcrtcd ; and hence, full 

 built, deep (hips will carry confiderably more than accord- 

 ing to the rule ; and fliarp low built (liips will be greatly 

 over-rated. Since, th.^refore, the fevcral duties on (hipping 

 incrtafe with the tonnage, (hips are generally made deeper 

 than their other dimenfions require, wliich has the tendency 

 of making them crank. For a more accurate method of 

 afcertaining the buithen of a Hiip, fee the article Ton. 



Burden, ^i/^j of, denote thofe of a larger and heavier fort, 

 carrying 500 tons, or upwards. 



Burden, or Burtht.n, from Bourdon, Fr. a drone. 

 Hence, in Miifu; a bafe of only one note, a pedale, and the 

 drone of a bagpipe, is called a drone-hafe. And hence, that 

 part of a fong which is repeated at the end of every verfe oi" 

 Itanza, is called the harden of the Jong. 



" At every clofe (he made, th' attending throng 

 Replied, and bore the burden of the fong." 



Dryden. 

 Pope writes burthen : 



" Sacred to ridicule, his whole life long, 

 And the fad burthen of fome merry fong." 

 Burden alio denotes the pipe, or llring by which fuch a 

 found is given. 



Matth. Paris will have the name lurden to have been ori- 

 ginally given this pipe, on account of its refemblance to 

 a pilgrim's fta(f, anciently called alfo biirdi. 



BURDO, in Phyjlology, a mongrel bead; of burden, pro- 

 duced by a horfe and (he-afs, by which it is didinguithed 

 frpm the mule, which is that produced of a male afs by a 

 mare. 



. BuRDO, or Burdon, in Middle /)ge IFnIers, denotes a 

 pilgrim's long daff, as doing the office on that occafion of a 

 mule, or other vehicle. 



BURDOA, or BuRDovA, in Anc'ient Geogrnpliy, a Iowa 

 of Hilpania, in Lufitania. Ptolemy. 



BURDOCK, in Botany. See Arctilm Lappa, and 

 X A N T H 1 u M Slnimarium . 



BURDONARII, an appellation fometimes given to pil- 

 grims, or thofe who went out of devotion to the holy land. 



The word is formed from rurdo, an appellation given t<» 

 the daff wherewith they travelled. 



BURDUGNO, in Geography, a fmall town of the Morea, 

 feated on the Vafilipotamo, between the mouth of this river 

 and the town of M'fiitra. 



BURDWAN, or BuRWAH, a town of Hindodan, in 

 the country of Bengal ; 50 miles N. W. of Calcutta. N. 

 lat. 23° 10'. E. long 84*^ 30'. 



BURE, Wlliam-FranC!5 de, in Biography, a book- 



feller of Paris, eminently fl<illed in bibliography, publilhed 



J Y 2 a Hand' 



